الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2016

لمعلومات عن related races، انظر 2016 United States elections.
2016 United States presidential election
→ 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 ←
538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
Turnout60.1%[1] (▲ 1.5 pp)
  Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 3x4.jpg
المرشح Donald Trump Hillary Clinton
الحزب جمهوري ديمقراطي
الولاية الأم New York New York
Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine
الأصوات الانتخابية 304[أ] 227[أ]
States carried 30 + ME-02 20 + DC
التصويت Popular 62,984,828[2] 65,853,514[2]
النسبة 46٫1% 48٫2%
قالب:2016 United States presidential election imagemap
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump/Pence and blue denotes those won by Clinton/Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. On election night, Trump won 306 electors and Clinton 232. However, because of seven faithless electors (five Democratic and two Republican), Trump received 304 votes and Clinton 227.
President before election

Barack Obama
ديمقراطي

Elected President

Donald Trump
جمهوري

قالب:2016 United States presidential election series

الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية الأمريكية 2016، ستكون انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية رقم 58 وستنعقد في 8 نوفمبر 2016. سيصوت الناخبون لاختيار الناخبون الرئاسيون، الذين سيختارون بدورهم [[الرئيس وونائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة الجديد. الرئيس الحالي هو باراك اوباما، غير مؤهل للانتخاب لفترة رئاسية ثالثة حسب التعديل الثاني والعشرين في الدستور الأمريكي.

Incumbent Democratic president Barack Obama was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Clinton secured the nomination over U.S. senator Bernie Sanders in the Democratic primary and became the first female presidential nominee of a major American political party. Initially considered a novelty candidate, Trump emerged as the Republican front-runner, defeating several notable opponents, including U.S. senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio, as well as governors John Kasich and Jeb Bush.[3] Trump's right-wing populist, nationalist campaign, which promised to "Make America Great Again" and opposed political correctness, illegal immigration, and many United States free-trade agreements,[4] garnered extensive free media coverage due to Trump's inflammatory comments.[5][6] Clinton emphasized her extensive political experience, denounced Trump and many of his supporters as a "basket of deplorables", bigots, and extremists, and advocated the expansion of Obama's policies; racial, LGBT, and women's rights; and inclusive capitalism.[7]

The tone of the election campaign was widely characterized as divisive, negative, and troubling.[8][9][10] Trump faced controversy over his views on race and immigration, incidents of violence against protesters at his rallies,[11][12][13] and numerous sexual misconduct allegations including the Access Hollywood tape. Clinton's popularity and public image were tarnished by concerns about her ethics and trustworthiness,[14] and a controversy and subsequent FBI investigation regarding her improper use of a private email server while serving as secretary of state, which received more media coverage than any other topic during the campaign.[15][16] Clinton led in almost every nationwide and swing-state poll, with some predictive models giving Clinton over a 90 percent chance of victory.[17][18]

On election day, Trump over-performed his polls, winning several key swing states, while losing the popular vote by 2.87 million votes.[19] Trump received the majority in the Electoral College and won upset victories in the Democratic-leaning Rust Belt states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The pivotal victory in this region, which Trump won by fewer than 80,000 votes in the three states with the combined 46 electoral votes, was the catalyst that won him the Electoral College vote. Trump's surprise victories were perceived to have been assisted by Clinton's lack of campaigning in the region, the rightward shift of the white working class,[20] and the influence of Sanders–Trump voters who chose to back Donald Trump after Bernie Sanders dropped out of the primaries.[21][22][23] Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton 227, as two faithless electors defected from Trump and five from Clinton. Trump flipped six states that had voted Democratic in 2012: Florida, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, as well as Maine's 2nd congressional district. Trump was the first president with neither prior public service nor military experience.

With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996,[24] while Green Party nominee Jill Stein received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%). Independent candidate Evan McMullin received 21.4% of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a non-major party candidate in any state since 1992.[25]

On January 6, 2017, the United States Intelligence Community concluded that the Russian government had interfered in the 2016 elections,[26][27] and that it did so in order to "undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency".[28] A Special Counsel investigation of alleged collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign began in May 2017,[29][30] and ended in March 2019, concluded that Russian interference in favor of Trump's candidacy occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion" but did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government.[31][32]

This was the first of two elections won by Trump, the second being in 2024 against Kamala Harris, following his defeat by Joe Biden in 2020.

خلفية

المقالة الرئيسية: الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية
The incumbent in 2016, Barack Obama. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 2017.

President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. senator from Illinois, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to the restrictions of the American presidential term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment.[33][34]

Both the Democratic and Republican parties, as well as third parties such as the Green and Libertarian parties, held a series of presidential primary elections and caucuses that took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who in turn elected their party's presidential nominee. Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring that the race had begun in an article published on November 8, two days after the 2012 election.[35] On the same day, Politico released an article predicting that the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, while an article in The New York Times named New Jersey Governor Chris Christie and Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey as potential candidates.[36][37]


مرشحو الأحزاب الرئيسية

الحزب الديمقراطي

المقالة الرئيسية: الحزب الديمقراطي (الولايات المتحدة) and مرشحو الحزب الديمقراطي في الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2016

مرشحون بارزون في الاستطلاعات الرئيسية

مرشحون آخرون

الحزب الجمهوري

المقالة الرئيسية: الحزب الجمهوري (الولايات المتحدة) and مرشحو الحزب الجمهوري في الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2016

مرشحون بارزون في الاستطلاعات الرئيسية

مرشحون آخرون

مرشحون مستقلون ومن الحزب الثالث

المقالة الرئيسية: United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

مرشحون محتملون

الحزب الديمقراطي

الحزب الجمهوري

حزب الدستور

حزب الخضر

الحزب الليبرالي

ولايات محتملة لمعارك انتخابية

مبادرات الحزب

Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Orlando
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Cleveland
Cleveland
Orlando
Orlando
class=notpageimage|
Sites of the 2016 national party conventions.


مناظرات

استطلاعات الرأي

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ ("National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2023.)("Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2018.) ("Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2016". United States Census Bureau. May 2017. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2017.)
  2. ^ أ ب "FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2016 -- Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  3. ^ McPhate, Mike (2016-05-06). "Trump Naysayers: How Wrong They Were". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
  4. ^ Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). "Trump's six populist positions" Archived أكتوبر 31, 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Politico. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  5. ^ Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, "Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media" Archived نوفمبر 21, 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times (March 16, 2016).
  6. ^ Walsh, Kenneth. "How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  7. ^ Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). "Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs" Archived مارس 15, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  8. ^ Wallace, Gregory (November 8, 2016). "Negative ads dominate in campaign's final days" Archived مارس 9, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. CNN. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  9. ^ Cassidy, John (November 5, 2016). "Closing Arguments: The Logic of Negative Campaigning" Archived مارس 9, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. The New Yorker. Retrieved March 8, 2018. "This Presidential campaign has been the most bitter in recent American history."
  10. ^ Pew Research Center (November 21, 2016). "Voters' evaluations of the campaign: Campaign viewed as heavy on negative campaigning, light on issues" Archived مارس 9, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 8, 2018
  11. ^ Tiefenthaler, Ainara (March 14, 2016). "Trump's History of Encouraging Violence" Archived نوفمبر 7, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  12. ^ Nguyen, Tina (March 11, 2016). "Donald Trump's Rallies Are Becoming Increasingly Violent" Archived مايو 9, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  13. ^ Jacobs, Ben (March 11, 2016). "Trump campaign dogged by violent incidents at rallies" Archived مارس 11, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  14. ^ McCarthy, Justin (July 1, 2016). "Americans' Reactions to Trump, Clinton Explain Poor Images" Archived أغسطس 21, 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Gallup News. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  15. ^ "News Coverage of the 2016 National Conventions: Negative News, Lacking Context". Shorenstein Center. September 21, 2016. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  16. ^ "Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election | Berkman Klein Center". cyber.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  17. ^ Wang, Sam (2016-11-08). "Final Projections 2016". Princeton Election Consortium. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  18. ^ "2016 Election Forecast". HuffPost. 2016-11-08. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  19. ^ "Did Clinton win more votes than any white man in history?". BBC News. December 12, 2016. Archived from the original on September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  20. ^ Carnes, Nicholas; Lupu, Noam. "The White Working Class and the 2016 Election" (PDF). noamlupu.com. Noam Lupu. Retrieved 1 November 2024. White working-class Americans have been supporting Republican presidential candidates at higher rates in recent elections, but that process long predates 2016, and narratives that center on Trump's alleged appeal obscure this important long-term trend.
  21. ^ McQuarrie, Michael (November 2017). "The revolt of the Rust Belt: place and politics in the age of anger". The British Journal of Sociology (in الإنجليزية). 68 (S1): S120–S152. doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12328. ISSN 0007-1315. PMID 29114874. S2CID 26010609.
  22. ^ "Could Sanders voters help Trump win the White House again?". NBC News (in الإنجليزية). March 8, 2020. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  23. ^ Kurtzleben, Danielle (2017-08-24). "Here's How Many Bernie Sanders Supporters Ultimately Voted For Trump". NPR (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  24. ^ "2016 Presidential Ballot Access Map". July 14, 2016. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  25. ^ "Presidential Election of 2016". 270toWin.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  26. ^ Miller, Greg; Entous, Adam (January 6, 2017). "Declassified report says Putin 'ordered' effort to undermine faith in U.S. election and help Trump". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  27. ^ Eichenwald, Kurt (January 10, 2017). "Trump, Putin and the hidden history of how Russia interfered in the U.S. presidential election". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  28. ^ "Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking". The New York Times. January 6, 2017. p. 11. Archived from the original on January 8, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
  29. ^ Rosenstein, Rod (May 17, 2017). "Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  30. ^ "Grand Jury Indicts Thirteen Russian Individuals and Three Russian Companies for Scheme to Interfere in the United States Political System". United States Department of Justice. February 16, 2018. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  31. ^ Mueller Report Archived أبريل 19, 2019 at the Wayback Machine, vol. I, p. 1: "The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. [...] Although the investigation established that the Russian government perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency and worked to secure that outcome, and that the Campaign expected it would benefit electorally from information stolen and released through Russian efforts, the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."
  32. ^ Geller, Eric (April 18, 2019). "Collusion aside, Mueller found abundant evidence of Russian election plot". Politico (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  33. ^ Stout, Christopher Timothy; Le, Danvy (October 8, 2012). "Living the Dream: Barack Obama and Blacks' Changing Perceptions of the American Dream". Social Science Quarterly. 93 (5): 1338–1359. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00915.x. ISSN 0038-4941.
  34. ^ "Inaugural Address of PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA". The Black Scholar. 38 (4): 2–5. 2008. doi:10.1080/00064246.2008.11413464. ISSN 0006-4246. JSTOR 41069357. S2CID 147680023.
  35. ^ Amira, Dan (November 8, 2012). "Let the 2016 Campaign Season Begin!". New York. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  36. ^ Martin, Johnathon; Haberman, Maggie (November 8, 2012). "Back to the future: Clinton vs. Bush?". Politico. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  37. ^ Barbaro, Michael (November 20, 2012). "After Obama, Christie Wants a G.O.P. Hug". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  38. ^ Chozick, Amy. "Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  39. ^ Karni, Annie (April 12, 2015). "Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run". Politico. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  40. ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  41. ^ Rappeport, Alan (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders Announces He Is Running for President". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  42. ^ "Bernard Sanders FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 28, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
  43. ^ Walker, Hunter (December 26, 2012). "Conspiracy Theorist Jeff Boss Launches Mayoral Bid". Politicker Network. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  44. ^ "Jeff Boss FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. August 25, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  45. ^ Burns, Michael (October 30, 2014) "Presidential candidate visits his old home in Greer", The Greenville News. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  46. ^ Palmes-Dennis, Susan (November 1, 2013) "Democratic presidential aspirant lays out game plan for US", Sun.Star. Retrieved November 22, 2013
  47. ^ "Robert Carr Wells Jr. FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. November 11, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  48. ^ Terris, Ben (May 3, 2015). "Ben Carson announces presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ^ Rafferty , Andrew (May 4, 2015). "Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run". NBCNews.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  50. ^ Mascaro, Lisa and David Lauter (March 22, 2015). "Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  51. ^ Zezima, Katie (March 23, 2015). "Ted Cruz Announces He's Running for President". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  52. ^ "Ted Cruz FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. March 23, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  53. ^ Gass, Nick (May 4, 2015). "Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president'". Politico. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  54. ^ Lambert, Lisa (April 7, 2015). "Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website". Reuters. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  55. ^ Killough, Ashley (April 7, 2015). "Rand Paul: 'I am running for president'". CNN. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  56. ^ "Rand Paul FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  57. ^ Parker, Ashley (April 13, 2015). "Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  58. ^ Nelson, Rebecca (April 13, 2015) "Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016", National Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  59. ^ "Mark Everson FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. March 10, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  60. ^ Dinan, Stephen (March 5, 2015). "Mark Everson, former Reagan & Bush aide, launches GOP White House bid on pro-amnesty platform". The Washington Times. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  61. ^ "Jack Fellure FEC filing". FEC. November 13, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  62. ^ "Roseanne Barr Says She Will Seek the Peace and Freedom Party's Presidential Nomination Again in 2016". Independent Political Report. March 11, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  63. ^ Hewitt, John (October 31, 2014) "An interview with Zoltan Istvan, leader of the Transhumanist Party and 2016 presidential contender", ExtremeTech.com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  64. ^ Bartlett, Jamie (December 23, 2014). "Meet the Transhumanist Party: 'Want to live forever? Vote for me'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  65. ^ Gavin, Patrick (November 29, 2013) "2016 already here for fringe hopefuls", Politico. Retrieved November 30, 2013
  66. ^ Seitz-Wald, Alex (May 22, 2014). "Can a Zombie-Powered Presidential Candidate Go Legit?". National Journal. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  67. ^ Vozick-Levinson, Simon (April 20, 2015). "Waka Flocka Flame for President: Watch His Exclusive Campaign Video". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 21, 2015.

وصلات خارجية

Find more about 2016 U.S. presidential election at Wikipedia's sister projects
Search Commons Media from Commons
Search Wikinews News stories from Wikinews
Search Wikidata Database entry Q699872 on Wikidata

قالب:United States elections, 2016


خطأ استشهاد: وسوم <ref> موجودة لمجموعة اسمها "lower-alpha"، ولكن لم يتم العثور على وسم <references group="lower-alpha"/>

الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=الانتخابات_الرئاسية_الأمريكية_2016&oldid=4095768"