الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 1976

لمعلومات عن related races، انظر 1976 United States elections.

1976 United States presidential election

November 2, 1976
538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout	53.5% 1.7 pp
المرشح Jimmy Carter Gerald Ford الحزب ديمقراطي جمهوري الولاية الأم Georgia Michigan Running mate Walter Mondale Bob Dole الأصوات الانتخابية 297 240 States carried 23 + DC 27 التصويت Popular 40,831,881 39,148,634 النسبة 50٫1% 48�0%
قالب:1976 United States presidential election imagemap Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Carter/Mondale and red denotes those won by Ford/Dole. Pink is the electoral vote for Ronald Reagan by a Washington faithless elector. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.
President before election Gerald Ford جمهوري Elected President Jimmy Carter ديمقراطي

The 1976 United States presidential election was the 48th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1976. Democrat Jimmy Carter of Georgia defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford from Michigan. Carter's win represented the lone Democratic victory in a presidential election held between 1968 and 1992.

President Richard Nixon had won the 1972 election with Spiro Agnew as his running mate, but in 1973 Agnew resigned and Ford was appointed as vice president via the 25th Amendment. When Nixon resigned in 1974 in the wake of the Watergate scandal, Ford ascended to the presidency, becoming the only president to have never been elected by the Electoral College. He faced a strong challenge from conservative former governor and future president Ronald Reagan of California in the Republican primaries, but Ford narrowly prevailed at the convention. Carter was little-known at the start of the Democratic primaries, but the former governor of Georgia emerged as the front-runner after his victories in the first set of primaries. Campaigning as a political moderate and Washington outsider, Carter defeated opponents such as Jerry Brown and Mo Udall to clinch the Democratic nomination.

Ford pursued a "Rose Garden strategy" in which he sought to portray himself as an experienced leader focused on fulfilling his role as chief executive. Carter emphasized his status as a reformer who was "untainted" by Washington. Saddled with a poor economy, the fall of South Vietnam and his unpopular pardon of Nixon, Ford trailed by a wide margin in polls taken after Carter's formal nomination in July 1976. Ford's polling rebounded after a strong performance in the first presidential debate, and the race was close on election day.

Carter won a majority of the popular and electoral vote. He carried nearly every state in the South while Ford dominated the Western states. Carter remains the only Democratic candidate since 1964 to win a majority of the Southern states. Ford won 27 states, the most states ever carried by a losing candidate. Both of the major party vice-presidential nominees, Walter Mondale in 1984 and Bob Dole in 1996, would later win their respective party's presidential nominations, but lose in the general election.

As of the 2020 election, this was the last time that Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas voted for the Democratic candidate in a presidential election, as well as the last election where the winning candidate did not win a majority of the states. However, it was not the last time a President won the popular vote without winning the majority of states.

نتائج الانتخابات، النيويورك تايمز، 4 نوفمبر 1976.

نيويورك تايمز 4 نوفمبر 1976

جيمي كارتر مرشح الحزب الديمقراطي يفوز بالانتخابات الأمريكية على جرالد فورد الذي تولي الرئاسة عقب استقالة نيكسون ب297 مندوب في المجمع الانتخابي وهي التي تصفها الجريدة بالأغلبية الضئيلة. ويتضح من الخريطة توزيع الولايات على المرشحين. كارتر بالأسود وفورد بالأبيض. فالجنوب الذي يصوت تقليديا للجمهوريين الآن صوت بشكل كبير للديمقراطي كارتر كونه في الأصل مزارع من ولاية جورجيا. وكاليفورنيا التي اصبحت حصنا للديمقراطيين الآن صوتت للمرشح الجمهوري. على جانب آخر اعترف فورد فورا بالهزيمة وعرض التعاون مع الرئيس المنتخب في تسهيل انتقال السلطة .

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 Statistics

المرشح الرئاسي	الحزب	الولاية	الصوت الشعبي		الصوت الانتخابي	Running mate
			Count	Pct		Vice-presidential candidate	Home state	Elect. vote
James Earl Carter Jr.	Democratic	Georgia	40,831,881	50.08%	297	Walter Frederick Mondale	Minnesota	297
Eugene McCarthy	None	Minnesota	740,460	0.91%	0			0
Roger MacBride	Libertarian	Virginia	172,557	0.21%	0	David Bergland	California	0
Lester Maddox	American Independent	Georgia	170,274	0.21%	0	William Dyke	Wisconsin	0
Thomas J. Anderson	American		158,271	0.19%	0	Rufus Shackelford	Florida	0
Peter Camejo	Socialist Workers	California	90,986	0.11%	0	Willie Mae Reid	Illinois	0
Gus Hall	Communist	New York	58,709	0.07%	0	Jarvis Tyner	New York	0
Margaret Wright	People's	California	49,013	0.06%	0	Benjamin Spock	Connecticut	0
Lyndon LaRouche	U.S. Labor	New York	40,043	0.05%	0	R. Wayne Evans	Michigan	0
آخرون			70,785	0.08%	—	آخرون		—
الإجمالي			81,531,584	100%	538			538
المطلوب للفوز					270			270

Source (Popular Vote): قالب:Leip PV source 2

Source (Electoral Vote): Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996. الموقع الرسمي للأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي. (August 7, 2005).

Popular vote Carter    50.08% Ford    48.02% McCarthy    0.91% Others    0.57%

Electoral vote Carter    55.20% Ford    44.61% Reagan    0.19%

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  Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

 Results by state

This election represents the second time that the winning candidate has received a majority of the electoral votes, although the second-place candidate carried a majority of the states. It had previously happened in the 1960 election.

States/districts won by Carter/Mondale

States/districts won by Ford/Dole

		Jimmy Carter Democratic			Gerald Ford Republican			Eugene McCarthy Independent			Roger MacBride Libertarian			Margin		State Total
State	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	#
Alabama	9	659,170	55.73	9	504,070	42.61	-	-	-	-	1,481	0.13	-	155,100	13.11	1,182,850	AL
Alaska	3	44,058	35.65	-	71,555	57.90	3	-	-	-	6,785	5.49	-	-27,497	-22.25	123,574	AK
Arizona	6	295,602	39.80	-	418,642	56.37	6	19,229	2.59	-	7,647	1.03	-	-123,040	-16.57	742,719	AZ
Arkansas	6	499,614	64.94	6	268,753	34.93	-	647	0.08	-	-	-	-	230,861	30.01	769,396	AR
California	45	3,742,284	47.57	-	3,882,244	49.35	45	58,412	0.74	-	56,388	0.72	-	-139,960	-1.78	7,867,117	CA
Colorado	7	460,353	42.58	-	584,367	54.05	7	26,107	2.41	-	5,330	0.49	-	-124,014	-11.47	1,081,135	CO
Connecticut	8	647,895	46.90	-	719,261	52.06	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-71,366	-5.17	1,381,526	CT
Delaware	3	122,596	51.98	3	109,831	46.57	-	2,437	1.03	-	-	-	-	12,765	5.41	235,834	DE
D.C.	3	137,818	81.63	3	27,873	16.51	-	-	-	-	274	0.16	-	109,945	65.12	168,830	DC
Florida	17	1,636,000	51.93	17	1,469,531	46.64	-	23,643	0.75	-	103	0.00	-	166,469	5.28	3,150,631	FL
Georgia	12	979,409	66.74	12	483,743	32.96	-	991	0.07	-	175	0.01	-	495,666	33.78	1,467,458	GA
Hawaii	4	147,375	50.59	4	140,003	48.06	-	-	-	-	3,923	1.35	-	7,372	2.53	291,301	HI
Idaho	4	126,549	37.12	-	204,151	59.88	4	-	-	-	3,558	1.04	-	-77,602	-22.76	340,932	ID
Illinois	26	2,271,295	48.13	-	2,364,269	50.10	26	55,939	1.19	-	8,057	0.17	-	-92,974	-1.97	4,718,833	IL
Indiana	13	1,014,714	45.70	-	1,183,958	53.32	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-169,244	-7.62	2,220,362	IN
Iowa	8	619,931	48.46	-	632,863	49.47	8	20,051	1.57	-	1,452	0.11	-	-12,932	-1.01	1,279,306	IA
Kansas	7	430,421	44.94	-	502,752	52.49	7	13,185	1.38	-	3,242	0.34	-	-72,331	-7.55	957,845	KS
Kentucky	9	615,717	52.75	9	531,852	45.57	-	6,837	0.59	-	814	0.07	-	83,865	7.19	1,167,142	KY
Louisiana	10	661,365	51.73	10	587,446	45.95	-	6,588	0.52	-	3,325	0.26	-	73,919	5.78	1,278,439	LA
Maine	4	232,279	48.07	-	236,320	48.91	4	10,874	2.25	-	10	0.00	-	-4,041	-0.84	483,208	ME
Maryland	10	759,612	53.04	10	672,661	46.96	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	86,951	6.07	1,432,273	MD
Massachusetts	14	1,429,475	56.11	14	1,030,276	40.44	-	65,637	2.58	-	135	0.01	-	399,199	15.67	2,547,557	MA
Michigan	21	1,696,714	46.44	-	1,893,742	51.83	21	47,905	1.31	-	5,406	0.15	-	-197,028	-5.39	3,653,749	MI
Minnesota	10	1,070,440	54.90	10	819,395	42.02	-	35,490	1.82	-	3,529	0.18	-	251,045	12.87	1,949,931	MN
Mississippi	7	381,309	49.56	7	366,846	47.68	-	4,074	0.53	-	2,787	0.36	-	14,463	1.88	769,360	MS
Missouri	12	998,387	51.10	12	927,443	47.47	-	24,029	1.23	-	-	-	-	70,944	3.63	1,953,600	MO
Montana	4	149,259	45.40	-	173,703	52.84	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-24,444	-7.44	328,734	MT
Nebraska	5	233,692	38.46	-	359,705	59.19	5	9,409	1.55	-	1,482	0.24	-	-126,013	-20.74	607,668	NE
Nevada	3	92,479	45.81	-	101,273	50.17	3	-	-	-	1,519	0.75	-	-8,794	-4.36	201,876	NV
New Hampshire	4	147,635	43.47	-	185,935	54.75	4	4,095	1.21	-	936	0.28	-	-38,300	-11.28	339,618	NH
New Jersey	17	1,444,653	47.92	-	1,509,688	50.08	17	32,717	1.09	-	9,449	0.31	-	-65,035	-2.16	3,014,472	NJ
New Mexico	4	201,148	48.28	-	211,419	50.75	4	-	-	-	1,110	0.27	-	-10,271	-2.47	416,590	NM
New York	41	3,389,558	51.95	41	3,100,791	47.52	-	4,303	0.07	-	12,197	0.19	-	288,767	4.43	6,525,225	NY
North Carolina	13	927,365	55.27	13	741,960	44.22	-	-	-	-	2,219	0.13	-	185,405	11.05	1,677,906	NC
North Dakota	3	136,078	45.80	-	153,470	51.66	3	2,952	0.99	-	256	0.09	-	-17,392	-5.85	297,094	ND
Ohio	25	2,011,621	48.92	25	2,000,505	48.65	-	58,258	1.42	-	8,961	0.22	-	11,116	0.27	4,111,873	OH
Oklahoma	8	532,442	48.75	-	545,708	49.96	8	14,101	1.29	-	-	-	-	-13,266	-1.21	1,092,251	OK
Oregon	6	490,407	47.62	-	492,120	47.78	6	40,207	3.90	-	-	-	-	-1,713	-0.17	1,029,876	OR
Pennsylvania	27	2,328,677	50.40	27	2,205,604	47.73	-	50,584	1.09	-	-	-	-	123,073	2.66	4,620,787	PA
Rhode Island	4	227,636	55.36	4	181,249	44.08	-	479	0.12	-	715	0.17	-	46,387	11.28	411,170	RI
South Carolina	8	450,825	56.17	8	346,140	43.13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	104,685	13.04	802,594	SC
South Dakota	4	147,068	48.91	-	151,505	50.39	4	-	-	-	1,619	0.54	-	-4,437	-1.48	300,678	SD
Tennessee	10	825,879	55.94	10	633,969	42.94	-	5,004	0.34	-	1,375	0.09	-	191,910	13.00	1,476,346	TN
Texas	26	2,082,319	51.14	26	1,953,300	47.97	-	20,118	0.49	-	263	0.01	-	129,019	3.17	4,071,884	TX
Utah	4	182,110	33.65	-	337,908	62.44	4	3,907	0.72	-	2,438	0.45	-	-155,798	-28.79	541,198	UT
Vermont	3	81,044	43.14	-	102,085	54.34	3	4,001	2.13	-	4	0.00	-	-21,041	-11.20	187,855	VT
Virginia	12	813,896	47.96	-	836,554	49.29	12	-	-	-	4,648	0.27	-	-22,658	-1.34	1,697,094	VA
Washington	9	717,323	46.11	-	777,732	50.00	8	36,986	2.38	-	5,042	0.32	-	-60,409	-3.88	1,555,534	WA
West Virginia	6	435,914	58.07	6	314,760	41.93	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	121,154	16.14	750,674	WV
Wisconsin	11	1,040,232	49.50	11	1,004,987	47.83	-	34,943	1.66	-	3,814	0.18	-	35,245	1.68	2,101,336	WI
Wyoming	3	62,239	39.81	-	92,717	59.30	3	624	0.40	-	89	0.06	-	-30,478	-19.49	156,343	WY
TOTALS:	538	40,831,881	50.08	297	39,148,634	48.02	240	740,460	0.91	-	172,557	0.21	-	1,683,247	2.06	81,531,584	US

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 Close states

Gerald Ford (right) watching election returns with Joe Garagiola on election night in 1976. Garagiola is reacting to television reports that Ford had just lost Texas to Carter.

A campaign button from election eve where Carter and Mondale spent the evening in Flint Michigan at a rally It is notable as only a handful of counties in Michigan went to Carter in 1976, and no surrounding counties where Carter held the rally went to him.

A Ford-Dole campaign button.

States where margin of victory was under 1% (35 electoral votes):

1. Oregon, 0.16%
2. Ohio, 0.27%
3. Maine, 0.84%

States where margin of victory was under 5% (264 electoral votes):

1. Iowa, 1.01%
2. Oklahoma, 1.21%
3. Virginia, 1.34%
4. South Dakota, 1.48%
5. Wisconsin, 1.68% (tipping point state)
6. California, 1.78%
7. Mississippi, 1.88%
8. Illinois, 1.97%
9. New Jersey, 2.16%
10. New Mexico, 2.47%
11. Hawaii, 2.53%
12. Pennsylvania, 2.66%
13. Texas, 3.17%
14. Missouri, 3.63%
15. Washington, 3.88%
16. Nevada, 4.36%
17. New York, 4.43%

States where margin of victory was more than 5%, but less than 10% (105 electoral votes):

1. Connecticut, 5.16%
2. Florida, 5.29%
3. Michigan, 5.39%
4. Delaware, 5.41%
5. Louisiana, 5.78%
6. North Dakota, 5.86%
7. Maryland, 6.08%
8. Kentucky, 7.18%
9. Montana, 7.44%
10. Kansas, 7.55%
11. Indiana, 7.62%

 Voter demographics

Social groups and the presidential vote, 1976
	Size	Carter	Ford
Party
Democratic	43	77	22
Independent	23	43	54
Republican	28	9	90
Ideology
Liberal	18	70	26
Moderate	51	51	48
Conservative	31	29	70
Ethnicity
Black	10	82	16
Hispanic	2	75	24
White	88	47	52
Gender
Female	48	50	48
Male	52	50	48
Religion
Protestant	46	44	55
White Protestant	41	43	57
Catholic	25	54	44
Jewish	5	64	34
Family income
Less than US$10,000	13	58	40
$10,000–$14,999	15	55	43
$15,000–$24,999	29	48	50
$25,000–$50,000	24	36	62
Over $50,000	5	—	—
Occupation
Professional or manager	39	41	57
Clerical, sales, white-collar	11	46	53
Blue-collar	17	57	41
Farmer	3	—	—
Unemployed	3	65	34
Education
Less than high school	11	58	41
High school graduate	28	54	46
Some college	28	51	49
College graduate	27	45	55
Union membership
Labor union household	28	59	39
No member of household in union	62	43	55
Age
18–21 years old	6	48	50
22–29 years old	17	51	46
30–44 years old	31	49	49
45–59 years old	23	47	52
60 years or older	18	47	52
Region
East	25	51	47
South	27	54	45
White South	22	46	52
Midwest	27	48	50
Far West	19	46	51
Community size
City over 250,000	18	60	40
Suburb/small city	53	53	47
Rural/town	29	47	53

Source: CBS News/New York Times interviews with 12,782 voters as they left the polls, as reported in The New York Times, November 9, 1980, p. 28, and in further analysis. The 1976 data are from CBS News interviews.

 See also

• Presidency of Jimmy Carter
• History of the United States (1964–1980)
• 1976 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1976 United States Senate elections
• 1976 United States gubernatorial elections
• Inauguration of Jimmy Carter

 Further reading

• Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online
• MacDougall, Malcolm D. (1977). We Almost Made It. New York: Crown. ISBN 0-517-52933-5.
• Roessner, Amber (2020). Jimmy Carter and the Birth of the Marathon Media Campaign. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0807170793.
• Shirley, Craig (2005). Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. ISBN 0-7852-6049-8.

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 External links

• The Election Wall's 1976 Election Video Page
• 1976 popular vote by counties
• 1976 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)
• Campaign commercials from the 1976 election
• How close was the 1976 election? at the Wayback Machine (archived أغسطس 25, 2012) — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (archived)
• Election of 1976 in Counting the Votes