أوج
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The apsides refer to the farthest (1) and nearest (2) points reached by an orbiting planetary body (1 and 2) with respect to a primary, or host, body (3).
∗The line of apsides is the line connecting positions 1 and 2.
∗The table names the (two) apsides of a planetary body (X, "orbiter") orbiting the host body indicated:
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For example, the Moon's two apsides are the farthest point, apogee, and the nearest point, perigee, of its orbit around the host Earth. The Earth's two apsides are the farthest point, aphelion, and the nearest point, perihelion, of its orbit around the host Sun. The terms aphelion and perihelion apply in the same way to the orbits of Jupiter and the other planets, the comets, and the asteroids of the Solar System.
∗The line of apsides is the line connecting positions 1 and 2.
∗The table names the (two) apsides of a planetary body (X, "orbiter") orbiting the host body indicated:
| (1) الأبعد | (X) orbiter | (3) host | (2) الأقرب |
|---|---|---|---|
| apogee | القمر | الأرض | perigee |
| apojove | Ganymede | Jupiter | perijove |
| aphelion | الأرض | الشمس | perihelion |
| aphelion | Jupiter | الشمس | perihelion |
| aphelion | Halley's Comet | الشمس | perihelion |
| apastron | كوكب خارجي | نجم | periastron |
| apocenter | comet, e.g. | primary | pericenter |
| apoapsis | comet, e.g. | primary | periapsis |
For example, the Moon's two apsides are the farthest point, apogee, and the nearest point, perigee, of its orbit around the host Earth. The Earth's two apsides are the farthest point, aphelion, and the nearest point, perihelion, of its orbit around the host Sun. The terms aphelion and perihelion apply in the same way to the orbits of Jupiter and the other planets, the comets, and the asteroids of the Solar System.
The two-body system of interacting elliptic orbits: The smaller, satellite body (blue) orbits the primary body (yellow); both are in elliptic orbits around their common center of mass (or barycenter), (red +).
∗Periapsis and apoapsis as distances: The smallest and largest distances between the orbiter and its host body.
∗Periapsis and apoapsis as distances: The smallest and largest distances between the orbiter and its host body.
Keplerian orbital elements: point F, the nearest point of approach of an orbiting body, is the pericenter (also periapsis) of an orbit; point H, the farthest point of the orbiting body, is the apocenter (also apoapsis) of the orbit; and the red line between them is the line of apsides.
| جزء من سلسلة عن |
| الديناميكا الفلكية |
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الأوج Aphelion هي النقطة التي يكون فيها البعد بين الكوكب في مداره و الشمس أكبر ما يمكن, وتكون سرعة الكوكب في هذه الحالة أقل ما يكون. وهو موقع التابع أو القمر أو أى جسم آخر طبيعى أو صناعى عندما يكون في أبعد نقطة عن الأرض والأوج يقابل الحضيض.
في المدارات البيضاوية، الأوج Apogee هو أبعد نقطة على المدار من المركز. والحضيض Perigee هي أقرب نقطة على المدار من المركز.
التاريخ
Keplerian orbital elements: F is the periapsis, H the apoapsis and the red line between them the line of apsides
فى التراث الفلكي يذكر الخوارزمي الأوج بقوله: الأوج هو أرفع موضع من الفلك الخارج المركز أعنى أبعده من الأرض وهى كلمة فارسية وهى أوك وقيل أوره .
المصطلحات
| الجرم | أقرب نقطة الحضيض |
أبعد نقطة الأوج |
|---|---|---|
| مجرة | Perigalacticon | Apogalacticon |
| نجم | Periastron | Apastron |
| ثقب أسود | Perimelasma/Peribothra/Perinigricon | Apomelasma/Apobothra/Aponigricon |
| الشمس | Perihelion | Aphelion[1] |
| عطارد | Perihermion | Apohermion |
| الزهرة | Pericytherion/Pericytherean/Perikrition | Apocytherion/Apocytherean/Apokrition |
| الأرض | Perigee | Apogee |
| القمر | Periselene/Pericynthion/Perilune | Aposelene/Apocynthion/Apolune |
| المريخ | Periareion | Apoareion |
| المشتري | Perizene/Perijove | Apozene/Apojove |
| زحل | Perikrone/Perisaturnium | Apokrone/Aposaturnium |
| اورانوس | Periuranion | Apouranion |
| نپتون | Periposeidion | Apoposeidion |
| پلوتو | Perihadion | Apohadion |
| عموماً | الحضيض Periapsis/Pericentre | الأوج Apoapsis |
الأوج والحضيض الشمسي في الأرض
| Year | Perihelion | Aphelion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Hour | Date | Hour | |
| 2007 | January 3 | 20:00 | July 7 | 00:00 |
| 2008 | January 3 | 00:00 | July 4 | 08:00 |
| 2009 | January 4 | 15:00 | July 4 | 02:00 |
| 2010 | January 3 | 00:00 | July 6 | 11:00 |
| 2011 | January 3 | 19:00 | July 4 | 15:00 |
| 2012 | January 5 | 00:00 | July 5 | 03:00 |
| 2013 | January 2 | 05:00 | July 5 | 15:00 |
| 2014 | January 4 | 12:00 | July 4 | 00:00 |
| 2015 | January 4 | 07:00 | July 6 | 19:00 |
| 2016 | January 2 | 23:00 | July 4 | 16:00 |
| 2017 | January 4 | 14:00 | July 3 | 20:00 |
| 2018 | January 3 | 06:00 | July 6 | 17:00 |
| 2019 | January 3 | 05:00 | July 4 | 22:00 |
| 2020 | January 5 | 08:00 | July 4 | 12:00 |
الأوج والحضيض الشمسي في الكواكب
- Perihelion and aphelion points
أنظر أيضا
ملاحظات ومصادر
- مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار العلم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار العلم للملايين.
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- ^ The source data is specific only to the hour; the table value minutes are placeholders only.
- ^ Properly pronounced 'affelion' because the (neo) Greek is αφήλιον, although the hypercorrection 'ap-helion' is commonly heard.
وصلات خارجية
- Apogee - Perigee Photographic Size Comparison
- Aphelion - Perihelion Photographic Size Comparison
- Aphelion - Perihelion Dates and Times
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