مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا

Coordinates: 26°11′37″N 80°28′36″W / 26.193535°N 80.476683°W / 26.193535; -80.476683
(تم التحويل من Broward County, Florida)
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Brevard County, Florida.
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
Broward County, Florida
مقاطعة
Broward County
Ft Lauderdale Skyline.jpg
Hollywood Beach bikers.jpg
Florida-Hollywood-Water Tank.jpg
Tarpon River Neighborhood in Fort Lauderdale, Florida .jpg
Dania Beach, FL, USA - panoramio (2).jpg
Las Olas Beach.jpg
Sawgrass Mills 180133.jpg
BB&T Center (Sunrise).JPG
Pompano Beach, FL, USA - panoramio (11).jpg
Images, from top down, left to right: Fort Lauderdale skyline; Hollywood Beach Boardwalk; Hollywood water tower; Tarpon River neighborhood; Dania Beach pier; Life guard staion on Las Olas Beach; Sawgrass Mills shopping mall in Sunrise; BB&T Center; Docked boats in Pompano Beach
الشعار الرسمي لـ مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
الكنية: 
"Broward"
Map of Florida highlighting Broward County.svg
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا is located in الولايات المتحدة
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
Location within the United States
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا is located in أمريكا الشمالية
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
Location within North America
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا is located in الأرض
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا
Location on Earth
الإحداثيات: 26°11′37″N 80°28′36″W / 26.193535°N 80.476683°W / 26.193535; -80.476683[1]
Country الولايات المتحدة
State فلوريدا
RegionSouth Florida
Metro areaMiami
FoundedApril 30, 1915
السمِيْNapoleon B. Broward
County seat Fort Lauderdale
Largest cityFort Lauderdale
Incorporated cities24
الحكومة
 • النوعCouncil–manager government
 • الكيانBoard of County Commissioners
 • Board of County Commissioners[2]
 • Chief executive officerBertha Henry
المساحة
 • الإجمالي1٬322٫817 ميل² (3٬426٫08 كم²)
 • البر1٬203٫105 ميل² (3٬116٫03 كم²)
 • الماء119٫712 ميل² (310٫05 كم²)
أعلى منسوب
[3]
29 ft (9 m)
أوطى منسوب
[4]
0 ft (0 m)
التعداد
 (April 1, 2010)[5]
 • الإجمالي1٬748٬146
 • Estimate 
(2017)[5]
1٬935٬878
 • الكثافة1٬300/sq mi (510/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−5 (Eastern Time Zone)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time)
Zip code
33004, 33009, 33019-33021,33023-33029, 33060, 33062-33069, 33071, 33073, 33076, 33301, 33304-33306, 33308-33317, 33319, 33321-33328, 33330-33332, 33334, 33351, 33441-33442
Area codes754/954,
FIPS code12011
GNIS feature ID295753
Primary AirportFort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
FLL (Major/International)
Secondary AirportNorth Perry Airport-
HWO (Regional)-
Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport-
FXE (Regional)-
Pompano Beach Airpark-
PMP (Regional)
InterstatesI-75.svg I-95.svg
U.S. RoutesUS 1.svg US 27.svg US 441.svg
State RoutesFlorida's Turnpike shield.svg Florida A1A.svg Florida 814.svg Florida 816.svg Florida 817.svg Florida 818.svg Florida 820.svg Florida 822.svg Florida 823.svg Florida 824.svg Florida 842.svg Florida 845.svg Florida 848.svg Florida 852.svg Florida 858.svg Florida 869.svg Florida 870.svg
Commuter RailAmtrak logo.svg Brightline Logo.svg Tri-Rail logo.svg
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.broward.org

مقاطعة براورد Broward County هي مقاطعة في الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من ولاية فلوريدا الأمريكية. According to a 2017 census report, the county had a population of 1,935,878, making it the second-most populous county in Florida and the 15th-most populous county in the United States.[5] The county seat is Fort Lauderdale.[6]

Broward County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017.[7]

The county is home to 31 municipalities, which consist of 24 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. It is also Florida's seventh-largest county in terms of land area, with 1,322.8 square miles (3,426 km2). Broward County's urbanized area occupies 427.8 square miles of land. The largest portion of the county is the Conservation Area that extends west to border Collier County. The conservation area is 796.9 square miles and consists of wetlands, much of which are part of the Everglades National Park. At its widest points, the County stretches approximately 50.3 miles east to west and approximately 27.4 miles from north to south, averaging 5 to 25 feet in elevation.

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التاريخ

السكان الأصليون

The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago.[8] The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.

The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.[9]

Napoleon Bonaparte Broward (1857-1910)

تأسيس براورد

Broward County was founded on April 30, 1915.[10] It was intended to be named Everglades County, but then-Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives Ion Farris amended the bill that established the county to name it in honor of Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, governor of Florida from 1905 to 1909.

Throughout his term as governor, Broward championed Everglades drainage and was remembered for his campaign to turn the Everglades into "useful land". This opened up much of today's urban Broward County for development, first as agricultural land and later as residential. A year before Broward became governor, Dania became the first incorporated community of what is now Broward County, followed by Pompano in 1908, and Fort Lauderdale in 1911.

In 1915, Palm Beach and Dade counties contributed nearly equal portions of land to create Broward County.[10] Dixie Highway was also completed through Broward County in 1915. In 1916, the settlement of "Zona" was renamed Davie in recognition of Robert P. Davie, a land developer who purchased a great deal of reclaimed Everglades land.

Broward County began a huge development boom after its incorporation, with the first "tourist hotel", in Fort Lauderdale, opening in 1919. A year later, developers began dredging wetlands in the county to create island communities.[10]

الرواج العقاري والنمو السريع

The year 1925 was considered the peak of the Florida land boom with Davie, Deerfield, Floranada, and Hollywood all being incorporated. By 1925, the boom was considered to have reached its peak, but the 1926 Miami hurricane caused economic depression in the county.[10] In 1926, the Hollywood Seminole Indian Reservation (formerly "Dania Reservation") was opened. In 1927, Lauderdale-by-the-Sea was incorporated. In 1928, the Bay Mabel Harbor (now the Port Everglades channel) was opened. In 1929, Merle Fogg Airport (now site of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport) was dedicated. In 1939, Hillsboro Beach was incorporated. Gulfstream Park also opened in Hallandale in 1939.

The county saw another population and development boom post-World War II when the transformation from agricultural to urbanized residential area began. In 1947, Pompano merged with beach area to form the present day City of Pompano Beach.

There was another boom during the 1950s and the late 1960s. In 1953, Plantation, Lazy Lake, and Fern Crest Village were incorporated. In 1955, Margate and Miramar were incorporated. In 1956, Lighthouse Point was incorporated and the Florida Turnpike was completed through Broward County. In 1957, Pembroke Park was incorporated. In 1959, Cooper City, Lauderhill, and Sea Ranch Lakes were incorporated.

In 1946 Dr. Von D. Mizell and black business owners petitioned the County Commission to make a county beach available to African Americans; at the time the beaches in Broward County, as elsewhere in Florida, were for whites only. Eight years later a beach, today Dr. Von D. Mizell-Eula Johnson State Park, in Dania Beach, was made available, but there was no road to it until 1965. In the meantime, Mizell and Eula Johnson, with supporters, deliberately violated the law on July 4, 1961, by wading into the water on Ft. Lauderdale beach. The legal process set in motion by this incident resulted in the desegregation of Broward County beaches in 1962.[11]

In 1960, the City of Pembroke Pines was incorporated. This same year marked the opening of Broward College (then Broward Community College).

In 1961, Lauderdale Lakes and Sunrise were incorporated. In 1963, the cities of Coral Springs, North Lauderdale, Parkland, and Tamarac were all incorporated. In 1967, Coconut Creek was incorporated.[12]

The effects of a national recession hit the county in 1974 and the population growth finally slowed. This is from a peak growth percentage change of 297.9% which saw the population of Broward grow from 83,933 as of 1950 to 333,946 in 1960.[13] The population subsequently experienced an 85.7% population growth which brought the population to a total of 620,100 in 1970.[13]

التاريخ الحديث

The structure of the Broward County government was signed into law in 1975 with the passage of the Broward County charter.[10] In the same year, the Seminole Tribe of Florida incorporated as a governing entity and began organizing cigarette sales, bingo and land leases that will bring millions of dollars in annual revenue in later years.[14] In 1976, Interstate 95 was completed through Broward County.

On January 19, 1977, snow fell in South Florida for the first time in recorded history. Snow was seen across all of South Florida as far south as Homestead and even on Miami Beach. Snow was officially reported by weather observers in West Palm Beach, LaBelle, Hollywood, and Royal Palm Ranger Station in southern Miami-Dade County.[15]

In the year 1980, the US census reported over 1 million people living in Broward County.

On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through Miami-Dade County, causing $100 million in damage in Broward County and leaving at least a dozen residents homeless as a result of storm related fires. Broward became a base of operations to shuttle supplies to neighbors in devastated Dade County which suffered the brunt of the storm and caused over $25 billion in damage. Hurricane Andrew caused a massive exodus from South Dade to Broward County, filling Pembroke Pines and other Broward communities with tens of thousands of transplanted families.[16]

In the year 2000, the US census reported a total population of 1,623,018.[17] The town of South West Ranches was incorporated this year.

On March 1, 2005, West Park became Broward County's 31st municipality to be incorporated.[18]

On October 24, 2005, Hurricane Wilma hit South Florida leaving the entire area damaged and causing almost universal power outages. Wilma was the most damaging storm in Broward County since Hurricane King in 1950. Broward experienced wind speeds between 80 and 100 mph (130 and 160 km/h) which endured for about five hours.[19]

On February 14, 2018, the city of Parkland became the scene of a deadly mass shooting perpetrated by a 19-year-old former student of Stoneman Douglas High School. The trial of the perpetrator of the shooting, Nikolas Cruz, was held at the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida in Broward County in 2022 with Judge Elizabeth Scherer presiding. Cruz was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole.[20]

In June 2020, following the George Floyd protests, some residents called for the county to be renamed due to Governor Broward's support for segregation and the Back-to-Africa movement.[21]

Fort Lauderdale harbor
The Fort Lauderdale harbor and skyline

الجغرافيا

مقاطعة براورد، فلوريدا[22]
جدول الطقس (التفسير)
يفمأمييأسأند
 
 
2.7
 
75
56
 
 
2.6
 
77
58
 
 
3.7
 
80
61
 
 
2.9
 
83
64
 
 
4.3
 
87
69
 
 
8.6
 
90
73
 
 
6.9
 
91
74
 
 
7.7
 
91
74
 
 
7.9
 
90
74
 
 
5.1
 
86
70
 
 
3.4
 
81
65
 
 
2.2
 
77
59
متوسطات درجات الحرارة القصوى والدنيا - °ف
إجمالي الهطل - بوصة

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,323 square miles (3,430 km2), of which 1,210 square miles (3,100 km2) is land and 113 square miles (290 km2) (8.5%) is water.[23]

Broward County has an average elevation of six feet (1.8 m) above sea level. It is rather new geologically and at the eastern edge of the Florida Platform, a carbonate plateau created millions of years ago. Broward County is composed of Oolite limestone while western Broward is composed mostly of Bryozoa.[24] Broward is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.

Of developable land in Broward County, approximately 471 square miles (1,219.9 km2), the majority is built upon, as the urban area is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Everglades Wildlife Management Area to the west. Within developable land, Broward County has a population density of 3,740 per square mile (1,444 per square kilometer).

Broward approved the construction of Osborne Reef, an artificial reef made of tires off the Fort Lauderdale beach, but it has proven an environmental disaster.[25]


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المقاطعات المجاورة

An aerial shot of the sunset looking Westward in Broward County, FL. The Everglades is shown in the background and beyond that is مقاطعة كولييه.


السكان

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
19205٬135—
193020٬094291٫3%
194039٬79498�0%
195083٬933110٫9%
1960333٬946297٫9%
1970620٬10085٫7%
19801٬018٬20064٫2%
19901٬255٬48823٫3%
20001٬623٬01829٫3%
20101٬748٬0667٫7%
2017 (تق.)1٬935٬878[26]10٫7%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
1790-1960[28] 1900-1990[29]
1990-2000[30] 2010-2015[31]

2015 5-Year American Community Survey

City skyline, featuring Las Olas River House (center), 110 Tower (far right), and Bank of America Plaza (far left)
A yacht in Fort Lauderdale's harbor


القانون والحكومة والسياسة

Broward County Mayors
الاسم بداية المدة نهاية المدة
Barbara Sharief Nov. 17, 2016 Nov. 17, 2017
Marty Kiar Nov. 17, 2015 Nov. 17, 2016
Tim Ryan Nov. 18, 2014 Nov. 17, 2015
Barbara Sharief Nov. 19, 2013 Nov. 18, 2014

The Broward County Charter provides for a separation between the legislative and administrative functions of government. The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative branch of Broward County Government. The County Commission is composed of nine members elected by district. Each Commissioner must be a resident of the district for which he or she seeks election. Each year the Commission elects a mayor and vice mayor. The mayor's functions include serving as presiding officer, and as the county's official representative. The Commission appoints the County Administrator, County Attorney and County Auditor. The Commission also appoints numerous advisory and regulatory boards.

The County Commission meets in formal session the first four Tuesdays of each month at 10:00 a.m. in Room 422 of the Broward County Governmental Center. Over 507,000 cable subscribers in Broward County have access to Government-access television (GATV) coverage of Commission meetings, which are broadcast live beginning at 10:00 a.m. each Tuesday, and rebroadcast at 5:30 p.m. the following Friday. Meetings can also be viewed via webcasting at www.broward.org.

السياسة

استعراض

Broward County has voted for the Democratic candidate in most of the presidential elections in the past four decades, and has gone Democratic in every election since 1992. It voted twice for Ronald Reagan (1980, 1984) and once for George H. W. Bush (1988). From 1916 to 1972 it voted Democratic six times and Republican in nine elections. In 2008 and 2012 approximately 67.07% of the electorate voted for Democrat Barack Obama. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton won 66.08% of the vote.


التاريخ الانتخابي

نتائج الانتخابات الحاكم السابقة
السنة الجمهوري الديمقراطي أحزاب ثالثة
2014 29.52% 138,394 (Scott/Incumbent) 68.02% 318,950 (Crist) 2.46% 11,549
2010 33.40% 140,445 (Scott) 64.59% 271,606 (Sink) 2.01% 8,480
2006 35.09% 143,043 (Crist) 62.81% 256,072 (Davis) 2.10% 8,558
2002 40.02% 175,756 (Bush/Incumbent) 59.05% 259,370 (McBride) 0.93% 4,076
1998 37.93% 137,494 (Bush) 62.07% 225,010 (McKay) 0.00% 8
1994 34.61% 138,333 (Bush) 65.39% 261,368 (Chiles/Incumbent) 0.00% 11
نتائج الانتخابات الرئاسية
Broward County vote
by party in presidential elections[32]
Year Republican Democratic Others
2016 31.16% 260,951 66.08% 553,320 2.76% 23,117
2012 32.23% 244,101 67.12% 508,312 0.65% 4,941
2008 32.34% 237,729 67.02% 492,640 0.64% 4,722
2004 34.61% 244,674 64.21% 453,873 1.18% 8,325
2000 30.93% 177,939 67.41% 387,760 1.66% 9,540
1996 28.29% 142,870 63.51% 320,779 8.20% 41,449
1992 30.92% 164,832 51.85% 276,361 17.23% 91,857
1988 50.00% 220,316 49.54% 218,274 0.46% 2,015
1984 56.68% 254,608 43.32% 194,584 0.01% 34
1980 55.95% 229,693 35.64% 146,323 8.42% 34,545
1976 47.15% 161,411 51.55% 176,491 1.30% 4,441
1972 72.41% 196,528 27.31% 74,127 0.28% 754
1968 54.50% 106,122 29.07% 56,613 16.43% 31,992
1964 55.49% 85,264 44.51% 68,406
1960 58.82% 68,294 41.18% 47,811
1956 72.45% 43,552 27.55% 16,561
1952 69.10% 26,506 30.90% 11,854
1948 50.88% 9,933 36.35% 7,096 12.76% 2,492
1944 47.45% 5,583 52.55% 6,183
1940 38.31% 3,988 61.69% 6,422
1936 30.30% 1,906 69.70% 4,385
1932 34.27% 1,717 65.73% 3,293
1928 63.63% 2,889 34.45% 1,564 1.92% 87
1924 41.45% 407 42.87% 421 15.68% 154
1920 44.24% 442 41.54% 415 14.21% 142
1916 22.57% 158 54.57% 382 22.86% 160


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تسجيل الناخبين

According to the Secretary of State's office, Democrats maintain a majority among registered voters in Broward County. The county is also one of the few counties in the state where Independents outnumber Republicans.

Population and registered voters
Total population[5] 1,935,878
  Registered voters[33] 1,183,496 61.13%
    Democratic 594,355 50.22%
    Republican 252,182 21.31%
    Democratic–Republican spread +342,173 +28.91%
    Independent 5,351 0.45%
    Libertarian 1,641 0.14%
    Green 485 0.04%
    Constitution 111 0.01%
    Reform 85 0.01%
    Other 100 0.00%
    No party affiliation 329,185 27.81%

الاقتصاد

انظر أيضاً: قائمة الشركات المرتكزة في ميامي

Silver Airways has its headquarters on the property of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in an unincorporated area. [34][35][36] Other companies with headquarters in unincorporated areas include Locair.[37]



انظر أيضاً

References

  1. ^ https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2018_Gazetteer/2018_gaz_counties_12.txt
  2. ^ https://www.broward.org/Commission/Pages/default.aspx
  3. ^ http://www.broward.org/Parks/PineIslandRidge/Pages/Default.aspx
  4. ^ Sea level at the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/browardcountyflorida
  6. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/miamidadecountyflorida,browardcountyflorida,palmbeachcountyflorida/POP060210
  8. ^ Parks, Arva Moore (1991). Miami: The Magic City. Miami: Centennial Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-9629402-2-4.
  9. ^ "Miami Circle to Brickell Avenue – From Native to NOW! – HistoryMiami Museum". www.historymiami.org. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "broward county history". Greater Fort Lauderdale. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-02.
  11. ^ Beatty, Robert (April 10, 2008). "Wade in the Water". South Florida Times. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  12. ^ "Broward County History | See The Historical Timeline from 1400 BC". www.sunny.org.
  13. ^ أ ب https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt قالب:Bare URL plain text
  14. ^ "Our Organization". November 2, 2015.
  15. ^ https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/news/SnowArticleSouthFlorida40th.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  16. ^ "TPC NHC HURRICANE ANDREW". www.nhc.noaa.gov.
  17. ^ Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  18. ^ "About West Park". Archived from the original on 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  19. ^ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Wilma". www.weather.gov.
  20. ^ Spencer, Terry (2022-10-13). "Parkland school shooter spared from execution for killing 17". Associated Press (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  21. ^ "Why some Floridians want to rename Broward County, Plantation and Lee County". The Miami Herald. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  22. ^ http://www.usa.com/broward-county-fl-weather.htm#HistoricalTemperature
  23. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  24. ^ Notes on Florida Geography, Florida International University
  25. ^ "Tire reef off Florida proves a disaster - U.S. news - Environment - NBC News". NBC News. February 16, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  26. ^ "American FactFinder". Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  27. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  29. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  30. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  31. ^ "US Census 2015 Estimate". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  32. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-06-13.
  33. ^ https://www.miamidade.gov/elections/library/reports/voter-registration-statistics-cumulative.pdf
  34. ^ "Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport > Business > Tenant Directory Archived 2011-12-27 at the Wayback Machine." Broward County. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "1100 Lee Wagener Blvd. Fort Lauderdale, FL33315"
  35. ^ "Contact Us." Gulfstream International Airlines. Retrieved on December 17, 2011. "1100 Lee Wagener Blvd, Suite 201 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315."
  36. ^ "Zoning Map Archived يونيو 8, 2011 at the Wayback Machine." City of Dania Beach. Retrieved on May 12, 2010.
  37. ^ "Contact Us." Locair. Retrieved on June 19, 2010. "Locair, Inc. 268 SW 33rd St. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33315"

وصلات خارجية

Government links/Constitutional offices

Special districts

Judicial branch

Tourism links

Official sites

  • The Broward Alliance (Broward County's official public/private partnership for economic development)
Palm Beach County مقاطعة هندري
Atlantic Ocean شمال Collier County
الشرق   Broward County, Florida    الغرب
جنوب
Miami-Dade County

قالب:Broward County, Florida قالب:Miami metropolitan area

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