منطقة خليج تامپا

Tampa Bay area
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater MSA
Region
A satellite image of the Tampa Bay area taken from NASA's Landsat 8 satellite in November 2019
A satellite image of the Tampa Bay area taken from NASA's Landsat 8 satellite in November 2019
The Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (red) and other counties which are sometimes considered to be part of the Tampa Bay Area (pink).
The Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (red) and other counties which are sometimes considered to be part of the Tampa Bay Area (pink).
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
Largest cityTampa
Other major cities
التعداد
 (2010)
2٬783٬469
 • Estimate 
(2019)[1]
3٬194٬831
 Ranked 18th in the US
منطقة التوقيتUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
مفتاح الهاتف813, 656, 727, 352, 863

The Tampa Bay area is a major metropolitan area surrounding Tampa Bay on the Gulf Coast of Florida in the United States. It includes the main cities of Tampa, St. Petersburg, and Clearwater. It is the 18th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with a population of 3,175,275 as of the 2020 U.S. Census.

The exact boundaries of the metro area can differ in different contexts. Hillsborough County and Pinellas County (including the cities of Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwater, and various smaller communities) make up the most limited definition. This area includes most of the Tampa Bay bayfront, aside from the far southern portion which lies in Manatee County. The United States Census Bureau defines the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as including Hillsborough and Pinellas Counties as well as Hernando and Pasco Counties to the north; and it is the 18th-largest MSA in the country.[2][3] Unlike most large metropolitan areas, Tampa does not belong to any combined statistical area and is the second-largest MSA in the United States not to belong to one (after San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad).

Other definitions of the Tampa Bay area include:

This wider area may also be known as West Central Florida as part of Central Florida.[7]

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History

When the Spanish first arrived in the area of Tampa Bay, they encountered people of the Safety Harbor culture. About 20 sites with temple mounds have been found around Tampa Bay, with several in Pinellas County. Best known of the Safety Harbor people was the chiefdom of Tocobaga, which was likely located at the Safety Harbor site in Philippe Park in northern Pinellas County.[8]


Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area

The population of the Tampa Bay MSA is 3,175,275 people as of the 2020 United States census.[9]

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
190036٬013—
191078٬314117٫5%
1920116٬55248٫8%
1930215٬66885�0%
1940272٬00026٫1%
1950409٬14350٫4%
1960820٬443100٫5%
19701٬105٬55334٫8%
19801٬613٬60346�0%
19902٬067٬95928٫2%
20002٬395٬99715٫9%
20102٬783٬24316٫2%
20203٬175٬27514٫1%
source:[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

The following is a list of principal cities and unincorporated communities, including census-designated places (CDPs), located in the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater MSA based on the 2010 U.S. Census:[16]

Principal cities

Each of these cities has a population in excess of 250,000 inhabitants:

Downtown Tampa
St. Petersburg

More than 100,000 inhabitants

Downtown Lakeland (Lake Mirror)
Clearwater
Westfield Shopping Center in Brandon

More than 10,000 inhabitants

Demographics

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater MSA consists of the following ethnic demographics:

Demographic Tampa Bay Percentage
White (Non-Hispanic/Latino) 1,821,955 76.0%
Hispanic 248,642 10.4%
Black 248,058 10.4%
Asian/Pacific Islander 57,235 2.4%

Age

Age Tampa Bay Percentage
0–17 852,600 22.0%
18–34 757,808 19.6%
35–54 1,066,684 27.3%
55–64 447,581 11.6%
65 and over 750,138 19.4%
MEDIAN AGE 41.39 years old

Race and ethnicity

Ethnicity Tampa Bay Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 3,141,549 72.3%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 479,936 11.0%
Black 411,157 9.5%
Asian 77,296 1.8%
Other 149,948 3.5%
Two or more races 83,861 1.9%


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Hispanic or Latino by origin
Ethnicity Tampa Bay Percentage
Mexican 145,685 30.4%
Puerto Rican 135,133 28.2%
Cuban 63,728 13.3%
All others 135,390 28.2%
County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census %± Area Density
Hillsborough County 1٬478٬194 1٬459٬762 +1٫26% 1,020 sq mi (2,600 km2) 1٬449/sq mi (560/km2)
Pinellas County 956٬615 959٬107 −0٫26% 274 sq mi (710 km2) 3٬491/sq mi (1٬348/km2)
Pasco County 584٬067 561٬891 +3٫95% 747 sq mi (1,930 km2) 782/sq mi (302/km2)
Hernando County 200٬638 194٬515 +3٫15% 473 sq mi (1,230 km2) 424/sq mi (164/km2)
Total 3٬219٬514 3٬175٬275 +1٫39% 2,514 sq mi (6,510 km2) 1٬281/sq mi (494/km2)

Geography

انظر أيضاً: Tampa Bay

The Tampa Bay area is located along Tampa Bay which it is named for. Pinellas County and St. Petersburg, Florida lies on a peninsula between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and much of the city of Tampa, Florida lies on a smaller peninsula jutting out into Tampa Bay.

Climate

Tampa Bay Area from space
المقالة الرئيسية: Climate of the Tampa Bay Area

The Tampa Bay area has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) with hot, humid summers, with daily thunderstorms, drier, predominantly sunny winters, and warm-to-hot springs with a pronounced dry season maximum. On average, two days experience frost per year in the cooler parts of the Tampa Bay area, less than annually in the coastal parts. However, hard freezes (low temperatures below 28 °F/−2 °C) are very rare, occurring only a few times in the last 75 years. The United States Department of Agriculture designates the area as being in hardiness zones 9b and 10a. Coastal parts of the Tampa Bay area closely border a tropical savanna climate (As) with many tropical microclimates due to maritime influences of the Gulf of Mexico and the 400-square-mile Tampa Bay. Plant climate-indicator species such as coconut palms and royal palms, as well as other elements of south Florida's native tropical flora, reach their northern limits of reliable culture and native range in the area.[17][18] Highs usually range between 65 and 95 °F (18 and 35 °C) year-round. Tampa's official high has never reached 100 °F (38 °C)—the all-time record high temperature is 99 °F (37 °C). St. Petersburg's all-time record high is exactly 100 °F (38 °C).[19]

Royal Palms in front of St. Petersburg's city hall

Pinellas County lies on a peninsula between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and much of the city of Tampa lies on a smaller peninsula jutting out into Tampa Bay. This proximity to large bodies of water both moderates local temperatures and introduces large amounts of humidity into the atmosphere. In general, the communities farthest from the coast have more extreme temperature differences, both during a single day and throughout the seasons of the year. قالب:Tampa, FL weatherbox

Economy

As of July 1, 2019, the largest employers within the Tampa Bay area are:[20][21]

Largest employers in the Tampa Bay area
Employer Employees Industry
BayCare Health System 28,400 Healthcare
Publix Super Markets 25,989 Grocery
Hillsborough County School District 25,173 Education
HCA West Florida Division 18,832 Healthcare
MacDill Air Force Base 18,000 Military

Finance and insurance

Nearly one in four of the state's business and information services firms resides in Tampa Bay.[بحاجة لمصدر] These firms range from financial services firms to information technology providers to professional services organizations such as law firms, accounting firms, engineering firms, consulting and more. As a gateway to the Florida High Tech Corridor, Tampa Bay is home to many information technology firms along with many business services providers.

Financial services firms:

Health care

With more than 50 hospitals, dozens of clinics and ambulatory care centers, the Tampa Bay has an abundance of top-rated health care facilities for children and adults. The region also has a wealth of well-trained medical professionals—nearly 53,000 nurses and more than 9,200 physicians (including physician assistants)—provide care to Tampa Bay residents and visitors every year.

Information technology

Tampa Bay serves as the gateway to the Florida High Tech Corridor which spans 23 counties. Created as a partnership between the University of South Florida, University of Central Florida and now including the University of Florida, the Florida High Tech Corridor promotes the growth of the high-tech industry across Central Florida.

Higher education and research

Academic research is a key component of high-tech growth and a powerful economic engine. The presence of cutting-edge research in the region is vital to technology transfer, which enables innovative ideas discovered in academia to achieve commercialization in the marketplace. Tampa Bay has several powerhouse research centers that are engaged in both pure scientific research and aggressively pursuing technology transfer to enrich people's lives.

Researchers at the University of South Florida's Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Research Center (NNRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and the Center for Ocean Technology at USF's College of Marine Science are researching how to use nanotechnology for a myriad of targeted uses including drug delivery, mechanized microsurgery, customized laser microchips, ways to turn sunlight into electricity, purifying water, storing hydrogen in small nanotubes, designing and developing marine sensors using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and curing cancer. University of Tampa is located in Downtown Tampa, Florida on the Hillsborough River and is a historic university linked back to Teddy Roosevelt.


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Housing

In 2008 the area's construction based boom was brought to a sudden halt by the financial crisis of 2007–2010, and by 2009 it was ranked as the fourth worst performing housing market in the United States.[22]

Changes in house prices for the area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20-city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.

Avionics, defense, and marine electronics

The University of South Florida's Center for Ocean Technology, which has been a leader in microelectromechanical systems research and development and has been using the technology to collect biological and chemical data to monitor water quality, provided underwater technology for port security at the 2004 Republican National Convention. USF's Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue used its miniature robots to assist rescue teams at Ground Zero following the September 11 terrorist attacks.

Tampa Bay is also the location of three major military installations, MacDill Air Force Base, Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater and Coast Guard Station St. Petersburg. MacDill AFB is home to the 6th Air Mobility Wing (6 AMW) of the Air Mobility Command (AMC) and the 927th Air Refueling Wing (927 ARW) of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). Both wings share flight operations of a fleet of KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft and the 6 AMW also operates a fleet of C-37A Gulfstream V aircraft. MacDill AFB also hosts multiple tenant organizations, to include two major combatant commands: United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), which directs military operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Middle East; and United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), which has responsibility for all special operations forces in the U.S. Armed Forces. CGAS Clearwater is located at the St. Petersburg–Clearwater International Airport. It is the largest air station in the United States Coast Guard, operating HC-130H Hercules aircraft and MH-60T Jayhawk helicopters with principal missions focused on search and rescue, counternarcotics interdiction, and homeland security. The HC-130 aircraft are slated to be replaced by new HC-27J Spartan aircraft beginning in 2017. Coast Guard Station St. Petersburg is located on the site of the former Coast Guard Air Station St. Petersburg at Albert Whitted Airport. It is home to Coast Guard Sector St. Petersburg[23] and is homeport for the USCGC Resolute (WMEC 620), USCGC Venturous (WMEC 625), and numerous smaller cutters and patrol boats.[24]

Education

USF Tampa main library

Primary and secondary education is provided by the school districts of the individual counties making up the region.

The area is home to several institutions of higher learning, including the main campus of the University of South Florida in Tampa and its satellite campus in St. Petersburg. Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, the University of Tampa, Florida College in Temple Terrace, and Trinity College in New Port Richey are all four-year institutions located in the area. Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University and Troy University also maintain satellite education centers at MacDill AFB. Nova Southeastern University also has a regional campus in Clearwater.

There are two law schools in the area, Stetson University College of Law and Thomas M. Cooley Law School. Stetson University has campuses in Gulfport and Tampa, while Thomas M. Cooley Law school is located in Riverview.

Hillsborough Community College, St. Petersburg College, Polk State College, and Pasco-Hernando State College are community colleges serving the area.

Culture

Salvador Dalí Museum

The Tampa Bay area is home several art museums. Long established communities, particularly those near the bay such as Cuban influenced Ybor City, Old Northeast in St. Petersburg, and Palma Ceia and Hyde Park in Tampa contain historic architecture. Fresh seafood and locally grown produce are available in the region's restaurants and farmers' markets. Yuengling, the largest American-owned brewer, operates a brewery in Tampa, as does craft brewer Cigar City Brewing. The area is also known for its influence on heavy metal music, specifically death metal. Within both the Florida death metal scene and broader genre Tampa Bay became known as the "capital of death metal."[25][26]

In a single year, the economic impact of the cultural institutions in the Tampa Bay area was $521.3 million, according to a PricewaterhouseCoopers study.[بحاجة لمصدر] In 2004, 5.6 million people attended plays, musical performances, museum exhibits, and other cultural institutions in Tampa Bay, supporting 7,800 jobs.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Museums

Florida Holocaust Museum in St. Petersburg
Straz Center for the Performing Arts in Tampa

Performing arts halls

  • Straz Center for the Performing Arts in Tampa
  • Ruth Eckerd Hall in Clearwater
  • Mahaffey Theater in St. Petersburg
  • Tarpon Springs Performing Arts Center

Cultural events

  • Gasparilla Pirate Festival held every January in Tampa
  • Florida State Fair held every February in Tampa
  • Florida Strawberry Festival held every March in Plant City
  • Clearwater Jazz Holiday held every October in Coachman Park in downtown Clearwater; in its 32nd year
  • Guavaween, a Latin-flavored Halloween celebration held every October in the Ybor City section of Tampa
  • Festa Italiana, annual festival of Italian heritage held every April in Ybor City, Tampa's Latin Quarter

Recreation

Clearwater Beach at Pier 60

The Tampa Bay area is noted for its beaches, with the warm, blue gulf waters and nearly 70 miles of barrier islands from North Pinellas south to Venice. Three of the beaches in this area, Fort De Soto's North Beach (2005), Caladesi Island (2008), and Sarasota's Siesta Key (2011) have been named by Dr. Beach as America's Top Beach.[27] The 15th IIFA Awards would be held at Tampa Bay Area in April 2014.[28]

Sports attractions, in addition to the teams listed below, include professional quality golf courses, tennis courts, and pools. Ybor and the Channel District in Tampa, downtown St. Petersburg, and the beaches all along the coast all attract a vibrant nightlife.

Theme parks

Florida Aquarium

Zoos and aquariums

Botanical gardens

Notable public parks and recreation areas

Hillsborough River State Park in Thonotosassa is one of Florida's eight original state parks, and Honeymoon Island State Park, near Dunedin, is Florida's most visited state park. Pinellas County is home to the Pinellas Trail, a 37-mile rail trail connecting Tarpon Springs to St. Petersburg. Skyway Fishing Pier State Park, the remnants of the approaches to the original Sunshine Skyway Bridge, forms the world's largest fishing pier in Pinellas and Manatee counties. The shallow waters and mangrove islands of the bay and gulf make the area popular with kayakers. The gulf is also home to natural and artificial coral reefs that are popular for fishing and scuba diving. Away from the coast, Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland (Polk county) has been designated as a Great Florida Birding Trail site, a program of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

Sports

المقالة الرئيسية: Sports in the Tampa Bay area

Sports teams

Amalie Arena
Tropicana Field
Raymond James Stadium

The Tampa Bay Area is home to three major professional sports teams: the Buccaneers (NFL), Rays (MLB), and Lightning (NHL).[29] The Tampa Bay area also hosts a number of minor-league and college teams.

Team League Sport Stadium Location
Tampa Bay Buccaneers NFL American football Raymond James Stadium Tampa
Tampa Bay Lightning NHL Ice hockey Amalie Arena Tampa
Tampa Bay Rays MLB Baseball Tropicana Field St. Petersburg
Tampa Bay Rowdies USL Soccer Al Lang Stadium St. Petersburg
South Florida Bulls NCAA DI various[أ] various Tampa
Tampa Spartans NCAA DII various[ب] various Tampa
  1. ^ baseball, men's basketball, women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, football, men's and women's golf, women's sailing, men's soccer, women's soccer, softball, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's track and field (outdoor and indoor for both), and women's volleyball.[30]
  2. ^ Baseball, men's and women's basketball, women's beach volleyball, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's golf, men's and women's lacrosse, women's rowing, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming, women's tennis, and men's and women's track and field (indoor and outdoor for both).

MLB spring training teams

انظر أيضاً: Baseball in the Tampa Bay area

Major League Baseball teams have come to the Tampa Bay area for spring training since the Chicago Cubs trained at Tampa's Plant Field in 1913 and the St. Louis Browns trained at St. Petersburg's Coffee Pot Park in 1914.[31] Grapefruit League games are still a favorite pastime for both residents and tourists alike every March. The following five Major League Baseball teams play spring training games in the Tampa Bay area:

Minor League baseball

Minor League baseball has also been a constant in the Tampa Bay area for over a century. The Tampa Smokers, St. Petersburg Saints, Lakeland Highlanders, and Bradenton Growers were charter members of the original Florida State League, which began play in 1919 and is now a Class A league. Current local teams of the FSL include:

The area is also home to several affiliates of the Florida Complex League, a rookie league in which young players gain their first experience in professional baseball.

Basketball

The Tampa Bay area does not have a basketball team in the NBA; the Orlando Magic are the closest team to the area, 85 miles east. The Toronto Raptors made Tampa their temporary home prior to the 2020–21 NBA season during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitated by restrictions on travel between Canada and the United States that were in effect. Their "home" games were played at Amalie Arena.

The Tampa Bay area has had several teams in minor basketball leagues. The Tampa Bay Titans play in The Basketball League (TBL). Their home games are played at Pasco–Hernando State College. The St. Pete Tide and the Tampa Gunners play in the Florida Basketball Association (FBA). The Tide's home games are played at St. Petersburg Catholic High School, and the Gunners are a travel team.

Sporting events

Major League sports

NCAA sports

Transportation

لمعلومات عن more about marine transportation in the area, including the many bridges over Tampa Bay، انظر Tampa Bay#Transportation.

Air

المقالة الرئيسية: List of airports in the Tampa Bay area

Tampa International Airport is the largest airport in the region. St. Petersburg–Clearwater International Airport provides access to commercial airliners, and smaller charter craft. Throughout the area are general aviation airports.

Tampa International Airport panorama
Tampa International Airport panorama

Rail

Amtrak provides passenger rail service from Union Station in Tampa. CSX provides freight rail service for the region.

Water

Pirate Water Taxi

The Cross-Bay Ferry has connected Tampa's Channelside District to Downtown St. Petersburg since 2016.[33] The Pirate Water Taxi, also operating since 2016, has several stops along the waterways in the vicinity of Tampa's downtown area and Channelside District.[34]

Transit systems

MetroRapid bus in Tampa
Streetcar in Ybor City
Sunshine Skyway over Tampa Bay

Bus service is provided in Hillsborough County by Hillsborough Area Regional Transit (HART), in Pinellas County by Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority (PSTA), in Pasco County by Pasco County Public Transportation and in Hernando County by THE Bus. HART and PSTA provide express services between Tampa and Pinellas County, and PSTA provides connections to Pasco County. HART also operates the TECO streetcar between Downtown Tampa and Ybor City. In 2013, HART also began operating a Bus rapid transit system called MetroRapid that runs from Downtown Tampa to the University of South Florida.

On July 1, 2007, an intermodal transportation authority was created to serve the seven-county Tampa Bay area. The Tampa Bay Area Regional Transportation Authority (TBARTA) was formed to develop bus, rapid transit, and other transportation options for the region.

Roads and freeways

The Tampa Bay area is served by these interstate highways.

Hillsborough County is also served by other roadways such as the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway (SR 618) which commutes workers from Brandon into downtown Tampa and the Veterans Expressway/Suncoast Parkway (SR 589) which serves traffic from the Citrus/Hernando County border southward into Tampa. Both of these highways, which are built to limited access freeway standards, are toll roads as is the connecting junction between the Selmon Expressway and Interstate 4.

In Pinellas County, U.S. 19 is the main north–south route through the county, and is being upgraded to freeway standards complete with frontage roads to ease congestion through the north part of the county. Also, the Bayside Bridge allows traffic to go from Clearwater into St. Petersburg without having to use U.S. 19.

The Courtney Campbell Causeway (SR 60) is one of the three roads that connect Pinellas County to Hillsborough County across the bay. The other two are the Howard Frankland Bridge (I-275) and Gandy Bridge (U.S. 92). The Sunshine Skyway Bridge is part of I-275 and connects Bradenton and other Manatee County and Sarasota County commuters into Pinellas County.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cumulative Estimates of Resident Population Change and Rankings: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019". U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2020. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  2. ^ "List of Counties Within MSAs". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  3. ^ "Map of Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA" (PDF). United States Census Bureau, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Economics and Statistics Administration. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  4. ^ "Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council: Our Mission". Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  5. ^ "Tampa Bay Partnership: History". Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  6. ^ "Nielsen Markets 2016" (PDF).
  7. ^ "Your Vacation Guide to Central West Florida". Visit Florida (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  8. ^ Perry, Mac (September–October 1993). "Making the Mounds". Tampa Bay Magazine. Vol. 8, no. 5. pp. 60–61. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  9. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  10. ^ "1950 Vol. I. Number of Inhabitants". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  11. ^ "1960 Vol. I. Characteristics of the Population, Part A, Number of Inhabitants - 11 Florida". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  12. ^ "1970 Vol. I. Characteristics of the Population, Part A, Number of Inhabitants - 11 Florida, Section 1". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  13. ^ "1980 Vol. I. Characteristics of the Population, Part A, Number of Inhabitants - 11 Florida, Section 1". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  14. ^ "1990 1990 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics Report Number: CP-1 General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1" (PDF). Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  15. ^ "2000 PHC-1. Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1" (PDF). Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  16. ^ أ ب "2010 CPH-1. Summary of Population and Housing Characteristics, Florida: 2010 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics" (PDF). Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  17. ^ Tomlinson, Philip Barry (1980). The Biology of Trees Native to Tropical Florida. Allston, Massachusetts U.S.A.: Harvard University Printing Office. pp. 1, 8–10. C.S. Sargent designated ...major "tree regions" of [North America] ...each distinguished by a complex of tree species... [The] smallest of these ...called "Tropical Florida" ...[in which] 87.5% have an otherwise tropical distribution; in Florida they are at [their] northern limit. ...The distribution of tropical tree species within South Florida is not known in any detail although the generalized distribution of all species is well summarized by Little (1978). A single latitudinal line does not separate the foras of South and Central Florida... Since the factor limiting the distribution of tropical species in a northern direction is almost certainly minimum winter temperature, an approximate indication of the limits... is the 54-degF January isotherm for the state. Figure 5
  18. ^ Little, Elbert L. Jr. (1978). "Introduction". Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 5 (Florida). US Government Printing Office. p. 1. LCCN 79-653298. OCLC 241660. This is the fifth volume of an Atlas with large maps showing the natural distribution or range of the native tree species of the continental United States. In these five volumes, maps of nearly all native tree species of the continental United States have been published... Florida merits a separate volume because it has more native tree species than any other state (except Hawaii), and because it has a large number of tropical species found in no other State. These trees of mostly limited range can be shown better on large-scale maps.
  19. ^ "Tampa Weather Forecasts Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine" Yahoo! Weather. Retrieved on February 6, 2009.
  20. ^ Major Employers Archived فبراير 26, 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Tampa Bay Partnership.
  21. ^ "Largest Employers in Tampa Bay". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  22. ^ "Is Florida the Sunset State?". Time. July 10, 2008. Archived from the original on July 14, 2008.
  23. ^ "District 7".
  24. ^ "USCG: About Us - Aircraft & Cutters". Archived from the original on December 28, 2006.
  25. ^ Guzzo, Paul (December 11, 2018). "Death metal pioneers seek site to replace Temple Terrace studio". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  26. ^ Stevenson, Arielle (October 22, 2009). "The way the music died: The earliest days of Tampa Death Metal". Tampa Bay Times. Times Publishing Company. Archived from the original on October 23, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2021. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; أكتوبر 27, 2009 suggested (help)
  27. ^ "Dr. Beach: America's Foremost Beach Expert". Archived from the original on March 5, 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  28. ^ "Florida hopes a rise in Indian Tourists after hosting IIFA 2014". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  29. ^ Trigaux, Robert (December 1, 2014). "How high can the value of the Bucs, Rays and Lightning go?". Tampa Bay Times.
  30. ^ "USF Athletics - Official Athletics Website". USF Athletics (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  31. ^ Baseball in Tampa Bay, A.M. de Quesada, Arcadia Publishing, 2000.
  32. ^ "Athletics to Host Three Upcoming NCAA Championship Events in Tampa". USF Athletics (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  33. ^ Brezina-Smith, Veronica (October 30, 2019). "Tampa, St. Pete officials tout Cross Bay Ferry as new season kicks off". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  34. ^ Brezina-Smith, Veronica (July 11, 2019). "Pirate Water Taxi invests $1.6M into fleet expansion". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2019.

قالب:Tampa Bay Area

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