1802
► | قرن 18 | << قرن 19 >> | قرن 20 | ◄
► | عقد 1770 | عقد 1780 | عقد 1790 | << عقد 1800 >> | عقد 1810 | عقد 1820 | عقد 1830 | ◄
► | ► | 1797 | 1798 | 1799 | 1800 | 1801 | << 1802 >> | 1803 | 1804 | 1805 | 1806 | 1807 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1802م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1802م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1802
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 18 - القرن 19 - القرن 20 |
| العقود: | عقد 1770 عقد 1780 عقد 1790 - عقد 1800 - عقد 1810 عقد 1820 عقد 1830 |
| السنوات: | 1799 1800 1801 - 1802 - 1803 1804 1805 |
| 1802 في موضوعات: |
| الإنسانيات |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى |
| حسب البلد |
| مصر – سوريا - إيران – الصين - فرنسا – ألمانيا – الدولة العثمانية – إيطاليا - اسبانيا - المغرب– روسيا - اليابان – البرازيل - الهند - المملكة المتحدة – الولايات المتحدة – إندونسيا |
| موضوعات أخرى |
| السكك الحديدية – العلوم – الرياضة |
| قوائم الزعماء |
| الدول ذات السيادة – زعماء الدول – حكام الأقاليم – الزعماء الدينيون |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد – الوفيات |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات |
| تصنيف الأعمال |
| الأعمال |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1802 MDCCCII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2555 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1251 ԹՎ ՌՄԾԱ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6552 |
| التقويم البهائي | −42 – −41 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1209 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2752 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 42 Geo. 3 – 43 Geo. 3 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2346 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1164 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7310–7311 |
| التقويم الصيني | 辛酉年 (المعدن الديك) 4498 أو 4438 — إلى — 壬戌年 (الماء الكلب) 4499 أو 4439 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1518–1519 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2968 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1794–1795 |
| التقويم العبري | 5562–5563 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1858–1859 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1724–1725 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4903–4904 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11802 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 802–803 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1180–1181 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1216–1217 |
| التقويم الياباني | Kansei 14 / Kyōwa 1 (享和元年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 12 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4135 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 110 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前110年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2345 |
سنة 1802 (MDCCCII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الجمعة (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1802nd بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 802nd في الألفية 2، السنة 2nd في القرن 19، والسنة 3rd في عقد 1800 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1802 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
أحداث
January–March
- January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, where they are at risk of destruction during the Ottoman occupation of Greece; the first shipment departs Piraeus on board Elgin's ship, the Mentor, "with many boxes of moulds and sculptures", including three marble torsos from the Parthenon.[1]
- January 15 – Canonsburg Academy (modern-day Washington & Jefferson College) is chartered by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[2]
- January 29 – A French expeditionary force (40,000 troops) led by General Charles Leclerc (Bonaparte's brother-in-law) lands in Saint-Domingue, (modern Haiti) to restore colonial rule, where Toussaint Louverture (a black former slave) has proclaimed himself Governor-General for Life, and established control over Hispaniola.
- February 3 – French Army General Charles Leclerc and the first 5,000 of 20,000 troops arrive at Cap-Francois (now Cap-Haïtien), to suppress Toussaint L'Ouverture and the rebellion of the black population in Haiti.[3]
- February 17 – The remains of Pope Pius VI are returned to the Vatican by France; the Pope had died in captivity at Valence, on August 29, 1799.[4]
- فبراير – The Rosetta Stone is brought to England by Colonel Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner, who arrives at Portsmouth on the captured French frigate L'Egyptiane.[5]
- March 3 – Ludwig van Beethoven publishes his Piano Sonata No. 14, commonly known as the "Moonlight Sonata" (Mondschein), in Vienna; the availability of the sheet music is announced by Giovanni Cappi in the newspaper Wiener Zeitung.[6]
- March 11 – The Rosetta Stone is presented to the Society of Antiquaries of London, which in turn presents it to the British Museum.[5]
- March 16 – The United States Army Corps of Engineers is re-established, and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York is established under its management, opening on July 4.
- March 25–27 – Napoleonic Wars: The Treaty of Amiens between France and the United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition.
- March 28 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Pallas.
April–June
- April 10 – The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India begins, with the measurement of a baseline near Madras.
- April 26 – A general amnesty signed by Napoleon allows all but about 1,000 of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a conciliatory gesture to make peace with the various factions of the Ancien Régime, that ultimately consolidates his own rule.
- May 19 – Napoleon Bonaparte establishes the French Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour).
- May 20 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution.
- May – Madame Marie Tussaud first exhibits her wax sculptures in London, having been commissioned, during the Reign of Terror in France, to make death masks of the victims.[7]
- June 1 –
- The United States Patent and Trademark Office is established within the Department of State.
- At Huế, shortly before his conquest of Tonkin, Nguyen Anh is crowned as the Emperor Gia Long, the first ruler of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam.[8]
- June 2 – Indigenous Australian Pemulwuy, a leader of the resistance to European settlement of Australia, is shot dead by Henry Hacking.
- June 8 – Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture is seized by French troops, and imprisoned at the Fort de Joux.
- June – Humphry Davy publishes the first account of the experiments by Thomas Wedgwood in photography, in the Journal of the Royal Institution, in an article titled "An Account of a method of copying Painting upon Glass and making profiles, by the agency of Light upon Nitrate of Silver. Invented by T. Wedgwood, Esq. with Observations by H. Davy.[9] Since a fixative for the image has not yet been developed, the early photographs quickly fade.
July–September
- July 5 – Parliamentary elections begin in the United Kingdom, with voting continuing until August 28; the Tories, led by Henry Addington, win control of the House of Commons.
- July 19 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont founds E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the modern DuPont chemical company, as a gunpowder manufactory near Wilmington, Delaware.[10]
- July 22 – Gia Long captures Hanoi, completing his unification of Vietnam.
- August 2 – In a plebiscite, Napoleon Bonaparte is confirmed as the First Consul of France.
- September 3 – William Wordsworth composes the poem Westminster Bridge in London.
- September 11 – The Italian region of Piedmont becomes a part of the French First Republic.
October–December
- October 2 – War ends between Sweden and Tripoli. The United States also negotiates peace, but war continues over the size of compensation.
- October 15 – French Army General Michel Ney enters Switzerland with 40,000 troops, on orders of Napoleon Bonaparte.[11]
- October 16 – The port of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi River are closed to American traffic by order of the city's Spanish administrator, Juan Ventura Morales, threatening the economy in the western United States, and prompting the need for the Louisiana Purchase.[12]
- November 16 – The newly elected British House of Lords is inaugurated by King George III, who tells the members, "In my intercourse with foreign powers, I have been actuated by a sincere disposition of the maintenance of peace," but adds that "My conduct will be invariably regulated by a due consideration of the actual situation of Europe, and by a watchful solicitude for the permanent welfare of my people." [13]
- December 2 – The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act in the United Kingdom comes into effect, regulating conditions for child labour in factories. Although poorly enforced, it pioneers a series of Factory Acts.
مواليد
- January 3 – Charles Pelham Villiers, British politician (ت. 1898)
- January 10 – Carl Ritter von Ghega, Albanian-born Venetian road engineer (ت. 1860)
- January 22 – Richard Upjohn, English-American architect (ت. 1878)
- February 6 – Charles Wheatstone, English physicist, inventor (ت. 1875)
- February 11 – Lydia Maria Child, American abolitionist author (ت. 1880)
- February 16 – Phineas Quimby, American physician (ت. 1866)
- February 19 – Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Swiss Federal Councillor (ت. 1881)
- 26 فبراير - فيكتور هوجو، مؤلف فرنسي. (توفي 1885)
- March 7 – Edwin Henry Landseer, British painter (ت. 1873)
- March 25 – Maria Silfvan, Finnish actor (ت. 1865)
- March 27 – Charles-Mathias Simons, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (ت. 1874)
- April 4 – Dorothea Dix, American activist (ت. 1887)
- April 9 – Elias Lönnrot, Finnish folklorist, philologist who created the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala (ت. 1884)
- May 2 – Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German chemist, physicist (ت. 1870)
- May 26 – Karl Ferdinand Ranke, German educator (ت. 1876)
- June 12 – Harriet Martineau, British social theorist, writer (ت. 1876)
يوليو-ديسمبر
_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg)
- July 5 (June 23 O.S.) – Pavel Nakhimov, Russian admiral (ت. 1855)
- July 24 – Alexandre Dumas, French author (ت. 1870)
- July 26 – Mariano Arista, President of Mexico (ت. 1855)
- August 4 – Joseph Bonnell, hero of the Texas Revolution (ت. 1840)
- August 5 – Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician (ت. 1829)
- September 19 – Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian politician (ت. 1894)
- September 30 – Antoine Jérôme Balard, French chemist (ت. 1876)
- October 31 – Benoît Fourneyron, French engineer (ت. 1867)
- November 9 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (ت. 1837)
- November 19 – Solomon Foot, American politician (ت. 1866)
- December 15 – János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (ت. 1860)
- December 23 – Sara Coleridge, British scholar (ت. 1852)
مجهولة التاريخ
- Friedrich Hohe, German lithographer, painter (ت. 1870)
- Emma Fürstenhoff, Swedish florist (ت. 1871)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
وفيات
يناير-يونيو
- February 2 – Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip, British statesman (و. 1713)
- February 3 – Pedro Rodríguez, Count of Campomanes, Spanish statesman, writer (و. 1723)
- February 26 – Esek Hopkins, American Revolutionary War admiral (و. 1718)
- April 18 – Erasmus Darwin, English physician and botanist (و. 1731)
- May 9 – Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein, Swedish ambassador (و. 1749)
- May 22 – Martha Washington, first First Lady of the United States (و. 1731)
يوليو-ديسمبر
- July 22 – Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist, physiologist (و. 1771)
- August 10 – Franz Aepinus, German philosopher (و. 1724)
- August 12 – Louis Lebègue Duportail French military leader in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (و. 1743)
- September 19 – Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (و. 1773)
- September 26 – Jurij Vega, Slovenian mathematician, physicist, and soldier (و. 1754)
- October 5 – Suzanne Bélair, Haitian national heroine (و. 1781)
- October 8 – Emmanuele Vitale, Maltese military leader (b.1758)
- October 31 – Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Harburn, British admiral (و. 1743)
- November 9 – Thomas Girtin, English artist (و. 1775)
- November 15 – George Romney, English artist (و. 1734)
- November 16 – André Michaux, French botanist (و. 1746)
- December 5 – Lemuel Francis Abbott, English portrait painter (و. 1716)
الهامش
- ^ Christopher Hitchens, The Parthenon Marbles: The Case for Reunification (Verso Books, 2016)
- ^ Coleman, Helen Turnbull Waite (1956). Banners in the Wilderness: The Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 206. OCLC 2191890.
- ^ Carolyn E. Fick, The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below (University of Tennessee Press, 1990) p210–211
- ^ "Rome", in Biography of the Principal Sovereigns of Europe who Have Reigned Since the French Revolution (Ogle, Duncan, and Co., 1822) p99
- ^ أ ب Ivan Lindsay, The History of Loot and Stolen Art: from Antiquity until the Present Day (Andrews UK Ltd., 2014)
- ^ Timothy Jones, Beethoven: The 'Moonlight' and Other Sonatas, Op. 27 and Op. 31 (Cambridge University Press, 1999) p20, p129
- ^ Pamela Pilbeam, Madame Tussaud: And the History of Waxworks (A&C Black, 2006) p65
- ^ "Nguyen Anh (Emperor Gia Long)", by Nguyen The Anh, in Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, ed. by Keat Gin Ooi (ABC-CLIO, 2004) p870
- ^ Robert Hirsch, Seizing the Light: A Social & Aesthetic History of Photography (Taylor & Francis, 2017)
- ^ "E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company", by Richard Junger, in The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising (Routledge, 2015) p500
- ^ Andrew Roberts, Napoleon: A Life (Penguin, 2014)
- ^ "Mississippi River", by Gene A. Smith, in The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia, Junius P. Rodriguez, ed. (ABC-CLIO, 2002) p226
- ^ William Belsham, History of Great Britain: From the Revolution, 1688, to the Conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, 1802, Volume 12 (Phillips, 1805) p485