1767
► | قرن 17 | << قرن 18 >> | قرن 19 | ◄
► | عقد 1730 | عقد 1740 | عقد 1750 | << عقد 1760 >> | عقد 1770 | عقد 1780 | عقد 1790 | ◄
► | ► | 1762 | 1763 | 1764 | 1765 | 1766 | << 1767 >> | 1768 | 1769 | 1770 | 1771 | 1772 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1767م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1767م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1767
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 17 - القرن 18 - القرن 19 |
| العقود: | عقد 1730 عقد 1740 عقد 1750 - عقد 1760 - عقد 1770 عقد 1780 عقد 1790 |
| السنوات: | 1764 1765 1766 - 1767 - 1768 1769 1770 |
| 1767 حسب الموضوع: | |
| الفنون والعلوم | |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى – العلوم | |
| البلدان | |
| مصر - سوريا | |
| قوائم الزعماء | |
| حكام المستعمرات – زعماء الدول | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| تصنيف الأعمال | |
| الأعمال | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1767 MDCCLXVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2520 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1216 ԹՎ ՌՄԺԶ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6517 |
| التقويم البهائي | −77 – −76 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1174 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2717 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 7 Geo. 3 – 8 Geo. 3 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2311 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1129 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7275–7276 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙戌年 (النار الكلب) 4463 أو 4403 — إلى — 丁亥年 (النار الخنزير) 4464 أو 4404 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1483–1484 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2933 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1759–1760 |
| التقويم العبري | 5527–5528 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1823–1824 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1689–1690 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4868–4869 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11767 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 767–768 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1145–1146 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1180–1181 |
| التقويم الياباني | Meiwa 4 (明和４年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 11 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4100 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 145 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前145年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2310 |
سنة 1767 (MDCCLXVII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الخميس (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1767 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 767 في الألفية 2، السنة 67 في القرن 18، والسنة 8 في عقد 1760 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1767 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
أحداث
يناير-مارس
- January 1 - The first annual volume of The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich، gives navigators the means to find longitude at sea, using tables of lunar distance.[1]
- 9 يناير - William Tryon، governor of the Royal Colony of North Carolina، signs a contract with architect John Hawks to build Tryon Palace، a lavish Georgian style governor's mansion on the New Bern waterfront.
- 20 يناير - حاكم البنغال روبرت كلايڤ تستدعيه شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية وتعيّن بدلاً منه هاري ڤرلست. بعد مغادرته، قمع وفساد البريطانيين يجلب الفقر للهند.
- 16 فبراير - On orders from head of state Pasquale Paoli of the newly independent Republic of Corsica، a contingent of about 200 Corsican soldiers begins an invasion of the small island of Capraia off of the coast of northern Italy and territory of the Republic of Genoa. By May 31, the island is conquered as its defenders surrender.[2]
- February 19 - The Earl of Shelburne، British Secretary of State for the Southern Department (which has jurisdiction over Britain's American colonies) fires the unpopular Governor of West Florida، George Johnstone، and summons him back to London.[3]
- February 27 - King Carlos III of Spain issues a decree expelling the Jesuits from the dominions of the Spanish Empire worldwide.[4]
- 13 مارس - British Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend، having already pushed through the unpopular Townshend Acts to recoup war expenses from Britain's American colonies, presents a comprehensive plan for more taxes in a closed door session of the House of Commons, with most proposals passed within a month.[5]
- 14 مارس - Antonio de Ulloa، the Colonial Governor of Spanish Louisiana (Luisiana), dispatches Captain Francisco Ríu y Morales up the Mississippi River to establish two forts, one at San Luis (now St. Louis, Missouri) and to set up a colony for displaced French-speaking Acadians and protect shipping on the river.[6]
- 18 مارس، أمبالا - تجريدة الملك الأفغاني أحمد شاه أبدالي إلى الهند تفشل. السيخ يسيطرون على الپنجاب.
- 24 مارس - جمعية نواب نيويورك يتم تعليقها بأمر من ملك المملكة المتحدة لرفضها Quartering Act following the first incidents between British troops and settlers (August 11, 1765)
- 24 مارس - Spain acquires control of what are now called the Falkland Islands from France، compensating French Admiral Louis Antoine de Bougainville for the money spent on the construction of the settlement at Fort Saint Louis.[7] The islands, named les Îles Malouines by the French, are renamed las Islas Malvinas by the Spanish, and Fort Saint Louis is renamed as Puerto Soledad. In 1816, Argentina declares independence from Spain and takes the Malvinas; and in 1833, Britain's Royal Navy captures the islands from the Argentines and renames them the Falklands, and renames Puerto Soledad as Port Louis.
- March 31 - Enforcement begins of the February 27 decree by King Carlos III of Spain, ordering the suppression of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) in the colonies in Spanish America. Over the next few months approximately 2,200 Jesuit priests and missionaries are deported.[8]
أبريل-يونيو
- April 2 - Suppression of the Jesuits begins، in the Spanish Empire and Kingdom of Naples.
- April 7 - Troops of the Burmese Konbaung Dynasty sack the Siamese city of Ayutthaya، ending the Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) after 15 months, and bringing the four-century-old Ayutthaya Kingdom to an end. King Ekkathat is found dead inside the city walls on April 9.[9]
- May 3 - A fleet of ships from the Republic of Genoa arrives at Capraia and sends 150 men ashore to drive out the Corsicans, but the outnumbered Genoese marines are "quickly cut to pieces".[2]
- May 10 - Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet، acting on behalf of Great Britain, meets with representatives of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy at German Flatts, New York، opening negotiations on the boundary between the New York colony and the Native Americans, eventually concluded by the Treaty of Fort Stanwix.[10]
- May 16 - Ahmed al-Ghazzal، the emissary from Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah of Morocco to the Spanish Empire، makes a triumphant return to Marrakesh with almost 300 Muslims who had been held captive in Spain, as well as sacred Islamic manuscripts that had been seized by the Spanish in 1612. The negotiation of the release had started with al-Ghazzal's meeting with Spain's King Carlos III on August 21, 1766.[11]
- 28 مايو -
- 30 مايو - أمر بطرد اليسوعيين الذين وصلوا إلى اسبانيا الجديدة. 2,200 Jesuits were expelled from the Spanish colonies in America 10 . End of the Jesuit missions in Paraguay where the decree arrives on June 7 , from the Guaranis and from California (December)
- May 31 - The Genoese island of Capraia is conquered by the Corsican Army after a ten-week campaign.[2]
- June 17 - British Royal Navy Captain Samuel Wallis becomes the first European to visit the island of Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean، during HMS Dolphin's second circumnavigation;[12][13] he also sights Mehetia.
- 19 يونيو - Samuel Wallis , British captain ( 1728 - 1795 ), approaches the island of Tahiti , during a voyage around the world
- 29 يونيو - Townshend Acts imposing import duties on glass, lead, paper and tea in the British colonies. On October 28 , a municipal assembly in Boston established the list of British products to be boycotted 5 . The boycott led to a crisis in commerce and trade and the artisan-workers and small traders lost their jobs.
يوليو-سبتمبر
- 3 يوليو
- جزيرة پيتكيرن in the Pacific Ocean is sighted from HMS Swallow, by 15-year-old Midshipman Robert Pitcairn، on a British Royal Navy expeditionary voyage commanded by Pفيليپ كارترت، the first definite European sighting.
- Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is first published.
- August 26 - Construction begins on Tryon Palace in New Bern, North Carolina. The construction proves more expensive than initially expected, leading the government to increase local taxes. This stirs resentment among some North Carolinians, and helps prolong the War of the Regulation.
- 3 سبتمبر - Mysore and Hyderabad are defeated at Chengam by the Presidency of Madras (part of the British East India Company ) . Beginning of the First Mysore War (1767-1769).
- 15 سبتمبر - فيليپ كارترت يكتشف جزر الأدميرالية.
- September 29 - The Spanish Empire's Governorate of the Río de la Plata and Governorate of Paraguay begin the process of expulsion of the 456 members of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) from southern South America, placing them on five ships bound for Spain.[14]
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 7 - Frederick North, Lord North becomes the new British Chancellor of the Exchequer after the sudden death of Charles Townshend.[15]
- October 9 - Surveying of the "Mason–Dixon line", which will later become the traditional division between the northern and southern states of the United States, is completed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon after four years, initially to settle a boundary dispute between the colonies of Delaware، Pennsylvania and Maryland. The survey party is halted at Dunkard Creek when a chief of the Mohawk Indians tells them that they are in Native American territory and that the Mohawks guiding the property "would not proceed one step further Westward"; the line, slightly west the 80th meridian west، is now part of the boundary between Pennsylvania and West Virginia.[16]
- October 12 - At the Foundling Hospital in London، Dr. William Watson becomes the first physician to conduct a controlled clinical trial، selecting 32 boys and girls of similar age who have not yet had smallpox. He divides them into three groups in order to test treatments before inoculation for smallpox, with one group receiving a mixture of mercury and jalap، another senna glycoside، and the third getting no pre-treatment at all.[17]
- October 17 - Šćepan Mali، nicknamed "Stephen the Little", is selected as the legislature at Podgorica to be the Tsar of Montenegro، representing "a short but an important break in the succession of the Petrovic dynasty".[18]
- October 24 - In France, several anti-Jewish regulations in place since October 12, 1661، are repealed by the King's Council that advises Louis XV of France. While Jewish merchants are still prohibited from owning their own retail stores, they are allowed to sell merchandise on credit to gentile merchants at legal interest rates, to legally enforce debts, and to sell jewelry.[19]
- October 28 - A boycott, of 38 types of goods [20] imported from England, is resolved by Boston merchants meeting at Faneuil Hall as a response to the taxes imposed by Great Britain, and one of the first "Buy American" campaigns is started in order to encourage the purchase of items manufactured and produced in the 13 colonies.[21] Copies of the agreement, to be signed by participating merchants, are circulated beyond the Province of Massachusetts Bay to other colonial provinces in New England.[22]
- November 1 - Scottish-born American merchant and shipowner Andrew Sprowle of Portsmouth, Virginia، establishes the Gosport Shipyard on the western shore of the Elizabeth River in the Virginia Colony، on the site of what will eventually become the Norfolk Naval Shipyard.[23]
- November 3 - King Ferdinand IV of the Spanish dominated Kingdom of Naples follows Spain's lead and orders the expulsion of the Jesuits from Naples and has them marched northward to the Neapolitan border with the Papal States.[24]
- November 4 - Francisco de Paula Bucareli, the Governor of Buenos Aires (at the time, a province within the Spanish Empire's Viceroyalty of Peru), hosts the caciques who are the Guarani chiefs of the 30 mission towns established by Jesuit missionaries, in an effort to gain Guarani peoples' support in the expulsion of the Jesuits.[25]
- November 9 - At the new King's College medical school in New York City (later the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons), Dr. John Jones gives the first lecture by a surgical professor in North America.[26]
- November 14 - The Timucua Indian tribe, native to central Florida, becomes extinct with the death of the last speaker of the Timucuan language، Juan Alonso Cabale. Eight years earlier, the last 95 surviving Timucuan people had been forcibly relocated by the Spanish colonial government to Guanabacoa، a township in western Cuba.[27]
- November 19 - Under the coercion of Russian occupation armies, the legislature of Poland follows the wishes of Russian Minister Nicholas Repnin and agrees to allow the kingdom to become a Russian protectorate.[28]
- November 20 - The new American Colonies Act 1766، commonly called the "Declaratory Act", goes into effect, virtually providing for Great Britain's Parliament to govern lawmaking in 13 colonies and exacerbating tensions there.[29]
- November 27 - Oconostota and Attakullakulla، Chiefs of the Cherokee people in the Carolinas, depart from Charleston, South Carolina on a ship voyage to New York City، where they are welcomed by British colonial officials as a prelude to negotiations with Britain's Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Sir William Johnson.[30]
- November 29 - The Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, in her capacity as Queen of Hungary، issues an edict against the Romani people (commonly called the gypsies), prohibiting them from marrying and calling for gypsy children to be taken away by the government so that they can be brought up by Christian families, a proclamation that "produced little or no effect in comparison with the trouble involved". The World's History: A Survey of Man's Record, Volume V: South-Eastern and Eastern Europe edited by H. F. Helmolt (William Heinemann, 1907) p423
- December 2 - Future Pennsylvania chief executive John Dickinson begins publishing his revolutionary "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in the Pennsylvania Chronicle.[31]
- December 28 - Phraya Taksin، a minor provincial official in Siam (now Thailand), crowns himself as King of Siam، establishing the Siamese Thonburi Kingdom، taking the regnal name of Borommaracha IV and begins a 14-year reign of liberation and conquest; historically, he is known as "Taksin the Great".[32]
- December 29 - Oconostota and Attakullakulla arrive at Johnstown, New York where they, along with leaders of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy (the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribal nations) meet with Sir William Johnson to begin peace negotiations with the British Empire.[30]
مجهولة التاريخ
- معاهدة بين روسيا والدنمارك. الدنمارك تحصل على هولشتاين-گوتورپ مقابل أولدن‌بورگ.
- مصرع پاشا قارص. إرسال قوات من وان لتهدئة السكان. انتفاضة في آيدين.
- 1767-1769 - Mysore war with the British. Sultan Hyder Ali successfully carried out a number of operations.
- مدغشقر: Zanahary , son of Ramaromanompo , is killed during a civil war. His son Iavy became king of Betsimisaraka (end in 1791 ). He reigns over a very small territory whose main role is to provide slaves 16 .
- فشل محاولة صينية لفتح بورما (انتهت في 1769 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
مواليد
- 8 يناير - جان-باتيست سه، اقتصادي فرنسي، صاحب Say's law (ت. 1832)
- 2 فبراير - يوهان هاينرش فريدرش لينك، عالم طبيعة ونبات ألماني (ت. 1851)
- 15 مارس - أندرو جاكسون، 7th President of the United States (ت. 1845)
- 25 مارس - جواكيم مورا، French marshal, King of Naples (ت. 1815)
- 21 أبريل - Elisabeth of Württemberg، أرشدوقة النمسا (ت. 1790)
- 25 أبريل - Nicolas Oudinot، French marshal (ت. 1847)
- 4 مايو - Tyagaraja، Indian Carnatic music composer (ت. 1847)
- 12 مايو - Manuel Godoy، Spanish statesman (ت. 1851)
- 13 مايو - John VI of Portugal، King of Portugal (ت. 1826)
- May 15 - Ezekiel Hart، Canadian entrepreneur, politician (ت. 1843)
- June 15 - رتشل جاكسون، زوجة رئيس الولايات المتحدة السابع أندرو جاكسون (توفيت قبل أن تصبح السيدة الأولى) (ت. 1828)
- 24 يونيو - Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès، French geographer, author and translator (ت. 1846)
- 4 يوليو - كيوكوتـِيْ باكين، مؤلف ياباني (ت. 1848)
- 11 يوليو - جون كوينسي آدامز، رئيس الولايات المتحدة السادس، ابن جون أدمز و أبيگيل أدمز (ت. 1848)
- July 28 - James A. Bayard (elder)، U.S. Senator from Delaware (ت. 1815)
- August 24 - Bernhard Meyer، German physician, ornithologist (ت. 1836)
- August 25 - Louis Antoine de Saint-Just، French revolutionary (d.1794)
- September 20 - José Maurício Nunes Garcia، Brazilian composer (ت. 1830)
- October 25 - Benjamin Constant، Swiss writer (ت. 1830)
- November 2 - Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn، member of the British Royal Family (ت. 1820)
- November 20 - Andreas Hofer، Austrian national hero (ت. 1810)
- December 3 - Antoine Fabre d'Olivet، French writer (ت. 1825)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Black Hawk، Sauk Indian Chief, autobiographer (و. Saukenuk village, now Rock Island, Illinois) (ت. 1838)
- Marianna Malińska، Polish ballerina (ت. 1797)
وفيات
- 7 يناير - توماس كلاپ، أول رئيس لجامعة يل (و. 1703)
- 22 يناير - Johann Gottlob Lehmann، German mineralogist, geologist (و. 1719)
- 15 فبراير - Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov، Russian noble, politician (و. 1714)
- 7 مارس - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville، French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana (و. 1680)
- 13 مارس - Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France (و. 1731) (بالسل)
- 5 أبريل - Princess Charlotte Wilhelmine of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld، countess by marriage of Hanau-Münzenberg (و. 1685)
- 7 أبريل - Franz Sparry، ملحن (و. 1715)
- 26 مايو - Prince Frederick Henry of Prussia (و. 1747) (الجدري)
- 28 مايو - Maria Josepha of Bavaria (و. 1739) (الجدري)
- 12 يونيو - Lucrezia Elena Cevoli، Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (و. 1685)
- 25 يونيو - گيورگ فيليپ تلمان، ملحن ألماني (و. 1681)
- 13 يوليو - جون كوينسي، جندي أمريكي (و. 1689)
- 19 يوليو - John Carmichael, 3rd Earl of Hyndford (و. 1701)
- 4 سبتمبر - Charles Townshend، English politician (و. 1725)
- October 15 - Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (و. 1751) (smallpox)
- October 16 - Burkhard Christoph von Münnich، Russian military leader (و. 1683)
- 26 أكتوبر - Harry Pulteney، British politician (و. 1686)
- 5 نوفمبر - John Reading (New Jersey governor)، Colonial Governor of New Jersey (و. 1686)
- 1 ديسمبر - Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan، British Freemason (و. 1710)
- 22 ديسمبر
- Jacques Bridaine، French Catholic preacher and missionary (و. 1701)
- John Newbery، English publisher (و. 1713)
- 28 ديسمبر - Emer de Vattel، Swiss philosopher (و. 1714)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Firmin Abauzit، French scientist (و. 1679)
- Blas María de la Garza Falcón، Spanish settler of Texas (و. 1712)
- Marie Anne Victoire Pigeon، French mathematician (و. 1724)
- آنا الثالثة من متمبا، ملكة أفريقيا (في أنگولا الحالية)
المراجع
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ أ ب ت George Renwick, Romantic Corsica: Wanderings in Napoleon's Isle (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910) p230
- ^ Fred Anderson, Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (Vintage Books, 2000) p770
- ^ Allan J. Kuethe and Kenneth J. Andrien, The Spanish Atlantic World in the Eighteenth Century: War and the Bourbon Reforms, 1713–1796 (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p267
- ^ Ernest Rhys, ed., Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Benjamin Franklin (J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1916) p240
- ^ A. P. Nasatir, ed., Before Lewis and Clark: Documents Illustrating the History of the Missouri, 1785-1804 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1952) p65
- ^ G. Barnett Smith, The Romance of the South Pole: Antarctic Voyages and Explorations (Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1900) p16
- ^ Enrique Dussel, A History of the Church in Latin America: Colonialism to Liberation (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1981) p60
- ^ "Legacy or Overhang: Historical Memory in Myanmar–Thai Relations", by Maung Aung Myoe, in Bilateral Legacies in East and Southeast Asia (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2015) p113
- ^ The Papers of Sir William Johnson, ed. by James Sullivan (University of the State of New York, 1921) p xxx
- ^ Abdulrahman al-Ruwaishan translator and Travis Landry, editor, The Fruits of the Struggle in Diplomacy and War: Moroccan Ambassador al-Ghazzal and His Diplomatic Retinue in Eighteenth-Century Andalusia (Bucknell University Press, 2016) pp9-10
- ^ Laneyrie-Dagen, Nadeije, ed. (1996). Les Grands Explorateurs. Larousse. p. 181. ISBN 2-03-505305-6.
- ^ Collingridge, Geo. (1903). "Who Discovered Tahiti?". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 12: 184–186.
- ^ Miguel de Asúa, Science in the Vanished Arcadia: Knowledge of Nature in the Jesuit Missions of Paraguay and Río de la Plata (BRILL, 2014) p259
- ^ Samuel B. Griffith, The War for American Independence: From 1760 to the Surrender at Yorktown in 1781 (University of Illinois Press, 1976) p50
- ^ Sally M. Walker, Boundaries: How the Mason-Dixon Line Settled a Family Feud and Divided a Nation (Candlewick Press, 2014) pp146-147
- ^ Shein-Chung Chow and Jen-Pei Liu, Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Concepts and Methodologies (John Wiley & Sons, 2008) p108
- ^ Marija Krivokapić and Neil Diamond, Images of Montenegro in Anglo-American Creative Writing and Film (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017) p10
- ^ Zosa Szajkowski, Jews and the French Revolutions of 1789, 1830 and 1848 (Ktav Publishing House, 1970) p302
- ^ Edmund S. Morgan, Benjamin Franklin (Yale University Press, 2002) p167
- ^ Ann Fairfax Withington, Toward a More Perfect Union: Virtue and the Formation of American Republics (Oxford University Press, 1996) p99
- ^ John C. Redmond, Three To Ride: A Ride That Defied An Empire and Spawned A New Nation (Hamilton Books, 2012) p137
- ^ "Gosport Navy Yard", in The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History, by Spencer C. Tucker (ABC-CLIO, 2014) p274
- ^ Norma Bouchard and Valerio Ferme, Italy and the Mediterranean: Words, Sounds, and Images of the Post-Cold War Era (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) p49
- ^ Barbara Ganson, The Guarani Under Spanish Rule in the Rio de la Plata (Stanford University Press, 2005) p121
- ^ A Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Volume VIII, ed. by Thomas Lathrop Stedmon (William Wood and Co., 1917) p46
- ^ Maurice J. Robinson, Ponte Vedra Beach: A History (Arcadia Publishing, 2008)
- ^ Albert Sorel, The Eastern Question in the Eighteenth Century (Methuen & Company, 1898) pp22-23
- ^ Edward G. Lengel, First Entrepreneur: How George Washington Built His--and the Nation's--Prosperity (Da Capo Press, 2016) p76
- ^ أ ب Jace Weaver, The Red Atlantic: American Indigenes and the Making of the Modern World, 1000-1927 (University of North Carolina Press Books, 2014) p164
- ^ "Dickinson, John", by Joseph Palencik, in Dictionary of Early American Philosophers, ed. by John R. Shook (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012) p303
- ^ Antonio L. Rappa, The King and the Making of Modern Thailand (Taylor & Francis, 2017) p224
Further reading
- John Blair; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1767". Blair's Chronological Tables. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n – via Hathi Trust.