1241
قرن: | قرن 0 - قرن 1 - قرن 2 |
العقد: | عقد -20 عقد -10 0 - عقد 10 - عقد 20 عقد 30 عقد 40
|
سنة: | 9 10 11 - 12 - 13 14 15 |
التحويل من ميلادي إلى هجري |
تحويل 1-1-1241م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) |
تحويل 31-12-1241م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) |
ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1241 |
تحويل 1-1-1241م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1241م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1241
الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
---|---|
القرون: | القرن 12 - القرن 13 - القرن 14 |
العقود: | عقد 1210 عقد 1220 عقد 1230 - عقد 1240 - عقد 1250 عقد 1260 عقد 1270 |
السنوات: | 1238 1239 1240 - 1241 - 1242 1243 1244 |
1241 حسب الموضوع | |
السياسة | |
زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
المواليد – الوفيات | |
تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
الفن والأدب | |
1241 في الشعر | |
التقويم الگريگوري | 1241 MCCXLI |
آب أوربه كونديتا | 1994 |
التقويم الأرمني | 690 ԹՎ ՈՂ |
التقويم الآشوري | 5991 |
التقويم البهائي | −603 – −602 |
التقويم البنغالي | 648 |
التقويم الأمازيغي | 2191 |
سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 25 Hen. 3 – 26 Hen. 3 |
التقويم البوذي | 1785 |
التقويم البورمي | 603 |
التقويم البيزنطي | 6749–6750 |
التقويم الصيني | 庚子年 (المعدن الفأر) 3937 أو 3877 — إلى — 辛丑年 (المعدن الثور) 3938 أو 3878 |
التقويم القبطي | 957–958 |
التقويم الديسكوردي | 2407 |
التقويم الإثيوپي | 1233–1234 |
التقويم العبري | 5001–5002 |
التقاويم الهندوسية | |
- ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1297–1298 |
- شاكا سامڤات | 1163–1164 |
- كالي يوگا | 4342–4343 |
تقويم الهولوسين | 11241 |
تقويم الإگبو | 241–242 |
التقويم الإيراني | 619–620 |
التقويم الهجري | 638–639 |
التقويم الياباني | Ninji 2 (仁治2年) |
تقويم جوچى | N/A |
التقويم اليوليوسي | 1241 MCCXLI |
التقويم الكوري | 3574 |
تقويم مينگوو | 671 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前671年 |
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1784 |
Year 1241 (MCCXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
- March 18 - Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.[1][2]
- April 9 - Battle of Legnica: The Mongols، under the command of Baidar، Kadan and Orda Khan، defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.[3][4]
- April 11 - Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.[5][6]
- April 27 - Battle of Sajo: The Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary.[7][8][9]
- May - Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.[10][11]
- May 10 - Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal، the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.[12]
- Early northern summer - A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into the Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.[13][14]
- August 29 - After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales، the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn، curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.[15][16]
- September 23 - Snorri Sturluson، Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson، an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.[17][18]
- October 25 - Pope Celestine IV succeeds Pope Gregory IX، as the 179th pope.[19][20]
- Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi، including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea، Japan، and Vietnam.[21][22]
- Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.[23][24]
مواليد
- 4 سبتمبر - الملك ألكسندر الثالث من اسكتلندة (ت. 1286)[25][26]
- إليانور من قشتالة، ملكة إدوارد الأول من إنگلترة (ت. 1290)[27]
- صوفيا من الدنمارك، الملكة القرينة للسويد (ت. 1286)[28]
وفيات
- 31 مارس - Pousa، voivode of Transylvania[29][30]
- 28 مارس - Valdemar II of Denmark (و. 1170)[31][32]
- April 9 - Duke Henry II of Poland[33][34][35]
- June 24 - Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria[36][37]
- August 10 - Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (و. ح. 1184)[38][39]
- August 22 - Pope Gregory IX[40][41]
- September 20 - Conrad II of Salzwedel، German nobleman and bishop[42]
- September 23 - Snorri Sturluson، Icelandic historian, poet and politician (و. 1178)[17][18]
- September 26 - Fujiwara no Teika، Japanese poet[43][44]
- November 10 - Pope Celestine IV[45][46]
- December 1 - Isabella of England، Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (و. 1214)[47][48]
- Bernardo di Quintavalle، Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi[49]
- Mary, Countess of Blois (و. 1200)[50]
- Buzád Hahót، Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr[51]
- اُگـِـدِيْ خان، الخاقان الثاني للامبراطورية المنغولية وخليفة جنگيز خان (و. ح. 1185)[52][53]
- Baba Ishak، charismatic Turkman preacher (و. ح. 1239)[54][55]
المراجع
- ^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2006). Genghis Khan's Greatest General: Subotai the Valiant (in الإنجليزية). Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 9780806137346.
- ^ Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars (in الإنجليزية). London and New York: Routledge. p. 310. ISBN 9781135954949.
- ^ Britannica Educational Publishing (2011). War on Land (in الإنجليزية). New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 9781615307524.
- ^ Jackson, Peter (2014). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410 (in الإنجليزية). London and New York: Routledge. p. 63. ISBN 9781317878995.
- ^ May, Timothy (2016). The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia (in الإنجليزية). Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 102–104. ISBN 9781610693400.
- ^ Eggenberger, David (2012). An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present (in الإنجليزية). New York: Courier Corporation. p. 280. ISBN 9780486142012.
- ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East (in الإنجليزية). Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 279. ISBN 9781851096725.
- ^ Bauer, S. Wise (2013). The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople (in الإنجليزية). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 409. ISBN 9780393059762.
- ^ Tucker, Spencer (2011). Battles that Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict (in الإنجليزية). Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 122–124. ISBN 9781598844290.
- ^ Stanton, Charles D. (2015). Medieval Maritime Warfare (in الإنجليزية). Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword. p. 128. ISBN 9781781592519.
- ^ Whalen, Brett Edward (2019). The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century (in الإنجليزية). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 9780812296129.
- ^ Keenan, Desmond (2010). Ireland 1170-1509, Society and History (in الإنجليزية). Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corporation. p. 443. ISBN 9781453584316.
- ^ Cope, Tim (2013). On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Land of the Nomads (in الإنجليزية). London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: A&C Black. pp. 487–488. ISBN 9781408825051.
- ^ Trawinski, Allan (2017). The Clash of Civilizations (in الإنجليزية). New York: Page Publishing Inc. ISBN 9781635687125.
- ^ Stephenson, David (2019). Medieval Wales c.1050-1332: Centuries of Ambiguity (in الإنجليزية). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 19. ISBN 9781786833877.
- ^ Breverton, Terry (2017). Owen Tudor: Founding Father of the Tudor Dynasty (in الإنجليزية). Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445654195.
- ^ أ ب Ruud, Jay (2006). Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature (in الإنجليزية). New York: Facts on File. p. 593. ISBN 0-8160-5497-5.
- ^ أ ب Wanner, Kevin J. (2008). Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia (in الإنجليزية). Toronto, Buffalo, NY and London: University of Toronto Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780802098016.
- ^ of Sarrant, Arnald (2010). Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor (in الإنجليزية). Translated by Noel Muscat. Malta: Ordo Fratrum Minorum.
- ^ Bartlett, Robert (2001). Medieval Panorama (in الإنجليزية). Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. p. 314. ISBN 9780892366422.
- ^ Murray, Julia K. (2014). "Confucian Iconography". In Lagerwey, John; Marsone, Pierre (eds.). Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vols): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD) (in الإنجليزية). Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 815. ISBN 9789004271647.
- ^ Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland (2003). Cua, Antonio S. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy (in الإنجليزية). New York, London: Routledge. p. 903. ISBN 9781135367480.
- ^ Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia (in الإنجليزية). Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xxvii. ISBN 9780810875135.
- ^ Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages (in الإنجليزية). Vol. Volume II. London and New York: Routledge. p. 933. ISBN 9781579580414.
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has extra text (help) - ^ Robertson, E. William (1862). Scotland Under Her Early Kings: A History of the Kingdom to the Close of the 13th Century (in الإنجليزية). Vol. Volume II. Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas. p. 33.
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has extra text (help) - ^ Dalrymple, Sir David (1819). Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI, to which are Added, Tracts Relative to the History and Antiquities of Scotland (in الإنجليزية). Vol. Volume I. Edinburgh: A. Constable. p. 16.
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has extra text (help) - ^ Cockerill, Sara (2014). Eleanor of Castile: The Shadow Queen (in الإنجليزية). Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445636054.
- ^ Carlquist, Erik; Hogg, Peter C.; Österberg, Eva (2011). The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden (in الإنجليزية). Lund, Sweden: Nordic Academic Press. p. 238. ISBN 9789185509577.
- ^ Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 411. ISBN 9780521815390.
- ^ Sălăgean, Tudor (2016). Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System (in الإنجليزية). Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 9789004311343.
- ^ Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005). Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen (in الإنجليزية). New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 82. ISBN 9781402725920.
- ^ Bain, R. Nisbet (2013) [1905]. Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900 (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781107688858.
- ^ Bretschneider, E. (1876). Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia (in الإنجليزية). London: Trübner & Company. p. 87.
- ^ Jackson, Guida M.; Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide (in الإنجليزية). Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 164. ISBN 9781576070918.
- ^ Grant, R. G. (2017). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History (in الإنجليزية). New York: Chartwell Books. p. 168. ISBN 9780785835530.
- ^ Font, Marta (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology (in الإنجليزية). Vol. Volume I. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 286. ISBN 9780195334036.
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has extra text (help) - ^ Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365 (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 9781139444088.
- ^ Everard, Judith; Jones, Michael C. E. (1999). The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221 (in الإنجليزية). Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. p. 164. ISBN 9780851157511.
- ^ Seabourne, Dr Gwen (2013). Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c.1170-1509 (in الإنجليزية). Surrey, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 82. ISBN 9781409482321.
- ^ Rist, Rebecca (2009). The Papacy and Crusading in Europe, 1198-1245 (in الإنجليزية). London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 9781441179524.
- ^ Bird, Jessalynn; Peters, Edward; Powell, James M. (2013). Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291 (in الإنجليزية). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 397. ISBN 9780812244786.
- ^ Hinz, Johannes (1996). Pommern: Wegweiser durch ein unvergessenes Land (in الألمانية). Augsburg, Germany: Bechtermünz. p. 73. ISBN 9783860471814.
- ^ Mostow, Joshua S. (1996). Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image (in الإنجليزية). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780824817053.
- ^ Vieillard-Baron, Michel (2014). "Power of Words: Forging Fujiwara no Teika's Poetic Theory. A Philological Approach to Japanese Poetics". In Hockx, Michel; Smits, Ivo (eds.). Reading East Asian Writing: The Limits of Literary Theory (in الإنجليزية). London and New York: Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 9781136134029.
- ^ Ullmann, Walter (2003). A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages (in الإنجليزية). London and New York: Routledge. p. 252. ISBN 9781134415359.
- ^ Cheney, C. R.; Cheney, Christopher Robert; Jones, Michael (2000). A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks (in الإنجليزية). Vol. 4. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780521778459.
- ^ Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy (in الإنجليزية). Lanham, MA and Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 263. ISBN 9780810874978.
- ^ Huffman, Joseph P. (2000). The Social Politics of Medieval Diplomacy: Anglo-German Relations (1066-1307). Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization (in الإنجليزية). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 264. ISBN 9780472110612.
- ^ Ruh, Kurt (2002) [1993]. Storia della mistica occidentale (in الإيطالية). Vol. Volume II: Mistica femminile e mistica francescana delle origini. Milan, italy: Vita e Pensiero. p. 412. ISBN 9788834336755.
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has extra text (help) - ^ Wispelwey, Berend (2011). Biographical Index of the Middle Ages (in الإنجليزية). Vol. Volume 1. Munich, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. p. 748. ISBN 9783110914160.
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has extra text (help) - ^ Kerékgyártó, Árpád (1858). Magyarok életrajzai: Hajdankor 1600 (in الهنغارية). Pest, Hungary: Magyar Mihál. p. 214.
- ^ Bauer, S. Wise (2013). The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople (in الإنجليزية). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 352. ISBN 9780393059762.
- ^ Saunders, J. J. (2001). The History of the Mongol Conquests (in الإنجليزية). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 93. ISBN 9780812217667.
- ^ Heywood, Colin (1999). "The Frontier in Ottoman History: Old Ideas and New Myths". In Power, Daniel; Standen, Naomi (eds.). Frontiers in Question: Eurasian Borderlands, 700–1700 (in الإنجليزية). Basingstoke, UK and New York: Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 236. ISBN 9781349274390.
- ^ Can, Sefik (2009) [1999]. Fundamentals Of Rumis Thought (in التركية). Somerset, NJ: Tughra Books. p. 2. ISBN 9781597846134.