پلوڤديڤ

پلوڤديڤ
Пловдив (بلغارية)
Plovdiv
City
From top, left to right: Hills of Plovdiv • Ancient theatre • Ancient stadium • Historical Museum • Hisar Kapia • Ethnographic Museum • Tsar Simeon's garden •
From top, left to right: Hills of Plovdiv • Ancient theatre • Ancient stadium • Historical Museum • Hisar Kapia • Ethnographic Museum • Tsar Simeon's garden •
علم پلوڤديڤ
Flag
درع پلوڤديڤ
Coat of arms
الكنية: 
The city of the seven hills
Градът на седемте хълма (بلغارية)
Gradăt na sedemte hălma (transliteration)
الشعار: 
Ancient and eternal
Древен и вечен (بلغارية)
Dreven i vechen (transliteration)
پلوڤديڤ is located in بلغاريا
پلوڤديڤ
پلوڤديڤ
Location of Plovdiv within Bulgaria
پلوڤديڤ is located in Balkans
پلوڤديڤ
پلوڤديڤ
پلوڤديڤ (Balkans)
پلوڤديڤ is located in أوروپا
پلوڤديڤ
پلوڤديڤ
پلوڤديڤ (أوروپا)
الإحداثيات: 42°9′N 24°45′E / 42.150°N 24.750°E / 42.150; 24.750
البلد بلغاريا
ProvincePlovdiv
MunicipalitiesPlovdiv-city
الحكومة
 • MayorZdravko Dimitrov (GERB)
المساحة
 • الإجمالي101٫98 كم² (39٫37 ميل²)
المنسوب
164 m (538 ft)
التعداد
 (31 December 2018)[3]
 • الإجمالي346٬893
 • Urban
544٬628[1]
 • Metro
675٬586[2]
صفة المواطنPlovdivchanin/Plovdivchanka
منطقة التوقيتUTC+2 (EET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
4000
مفتاح الهاتف(+359) 032
Car platesPB
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.plovdiv.bg

پلوڤديڤ أو فيليبي (بالبلغارية: Пловдив) هي ثاني أكبر مدن بلغاريا بعد العاصمة صوفيا، حيث بلغ عدد سكانها 341873 نسمة في عام 2005. وهي أيضاً أهم وأكبر مدن منطقة تراقيا التاريخية. تقع المدينة في محافظة بلوفديف جنوب البلاد، وتعرف بالثقافة القديمة والمتنوعة وبالتاريخ الكبير. معظم سكان المدينة من أصول بلغارية، إلا أنه يوجد بها نسبة من الغجر.

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التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: Philippopolis (Thracia), Timeline of Plovdiv, and History of Plovdiv

قالب:Timeline of Plovdiv


Antiquity

Plan of the known parts of the Roman city superimposed on a plan of modern Plovdiv.
"This Plovdiv is the biggest and loveliest of all cities. Its beauty shines from faraway..."

Roman writer Lucian.

قالب:Philippopolis sidebar

پلوڤديڤ هي من أقدم مدن قارة أوروبا. عرفت في اللغة التراقية قديماً باسم "Evmolpia"، وفتحها فيليبوس الثاني المقدوني (والد الإسكندر الكبير) في عام 342 قبل الميلاد، ثم غير اسمها إلى "فيليبوبوليس" (باليونانية: Φιλιππόπολις) أي "مدينة فيليبوس". بعد ذلك حررها وحكمها التراقيون وسموها "Pulpudeva"، حتى ضمت إلى الإمبراطورية الرومانية حينما سميت باسم "Trimontium" أي "مدينة الثلاث تلال" وتحولت إلى عاصمة منطقة تراقيا. يمكن مشاهدة الكثير من الآثار الرومانية في المدينة حتى الآن. واحتلها السلاف في القرن 6، ثم البلغاريون في عام 815. استخدم الاسم "بلوفديف" الحالي أول مرة في القرن 15.

العصور الوسطى

Monument of Krum in Plovdiv, who was the first Bulgarian ruler to capture Plovdiv.

ثم احتلها العثمانيون، وكانت مركزاً للحركة القومية البلغارية، وبني أول دار للطباعة للغة البلغارية في المدينة.

الإحياء الوطني

المقالة الرئيسية: Bulgarian National Revival
The Virgin Mary Church.

Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Filibe (as the city was known at that time) was a focal point for the Bulgarian national movement and survived as one of the major cultural centers for Bulgarian culture and tradition.


شرق الروملي

المقالة الرئيسية: Bulgarian unification
Nebet Tepe, drawing from The Graphic – London, 1885
Taat tepe, in Plovdiv, with the governor's palace and Maritsa river in the foreground. Drawing from The Graphic – London, 1885


بعد تحررها من العثمانيين عام 1878، لم تكن ضمن إمارة بلغاريا الجديدة. بدلاً من ذلك كانت عاصمة منطقة روميليا الشرقية شبه المستقلة السابقة، وظلت كذلك حتى توحدت روميليا الشرقية مع بلغاريا في عام 1885. أصبحت المدينة تحت الحكم الشيوعي بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية، وكانت مركزاً للحركة الديمقراطية بالنسبة للبلاد حتى أطيح بالحكم السوفييتي عام 1989.

Plovdiv has hosted specialized exhibitions of the World's Fair in 1981, 1985, and 1991.

المناخ

Climate data for Plovdiv (1952–2000; extremes 1942–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4) 		24.0
(75.2) 		30.0
(86.0) 		34.2
(93.6) 		36.0
(96.8) 		41.0
(105.8) 		45.0
(113.0) 		42.5
(108.5) 		37.6
(99.7) 		36.8
(98.2) 		27.0
(80.6) 		22.9
(73.2) 		45.0
(113.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.0
(55.4) 		18.4
(65.1) 		23.7
(74.7) 		28.0
(82.4) 		30.7
(87.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		26.0
(78.8) 		19.4
(66.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		6.4
(43.5) 		18.5
(65.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6) 		3.2
(37.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.3
(63.1) 		21.5
(70.7) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.2
(73.8) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.1
(55.6) 		6.9
(44.4) 		2.3
(36.1) 		12.7
(54.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.0
(26.6) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		1.8
(35.2) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.0
(62.6) 		16.5
(61.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		7.1
(44.8)
Record low °C (°F) −31.5
(−24.7) 		−29.1
(−20.4) 		−17.5
(0.5) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		5.6
(42.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−22.7
(−8.9) 		−31.5
(−24.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 27
(1.1) 		34
(1.3) 		37
(1.5) 		41
(1.6) 		77
(3.0) 		57
(2.2) 		39
(1.5) 		43
(1.7) 		35
(1.4) 		37
(1.5) 		36
(1.4) 		39
(1.5) 		502
(19.8)
Average precipitation days 4.8 5.1 5.8 4.7 6.5 6.2 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.9 5.8 6.2 60.7
Average relative humidity (%) 76 67 60 53 53 50 45 46 48 59 69 76 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours 94 110 170 200 252 281 328 315 230 162 120 77 2٬339
Source 1: Climatebase.ru
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity),[4]
Climate data for Plovidiv (2008-2018)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		16.2
(61.2) 		19.3
(66.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		28.7
(83.7) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.8
(89.2) 		26.9
(80.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		21
(70)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0) 		4.5
(40.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		23.4
(74.1) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		16.3
(61.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		14.0
(57.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.3
(29.7) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		3.6
(38.5) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		6.3
(43.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		9.2
(48.6)
Source: Stringmeteo.com[صفحة مطلوبة]




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السكان

Plovdiv
السنة 1887 1910 1934 1946 1956 1965 1975 1985 1992 2001 2005 2009 2011
السكان 33,032 47,981 99,883 126,563 161,836 225,508 299,638 342,131 341,058 338,224 341,9 338,2 338,153
أعلى رقم 348,465 في 2009
Sources: National Statistical Institute,[5][6] „citypopulation.de“,[7] „pop-stat.mashke.org“,[8] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[9]

At the first census after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1880 with 24,053 citizens,[10] Plovdiv is the second largest city behind Ruse, which had 26,163 citizens then,[11] and ahead of the capital Sofia, which had 20,501 citizens then. As of the 1887 census, Plovdiv was the largest city in the country for several years with 33,032 inhabitants compared to 30,428 for Sofia. According to the 1946 census, Plovdiv was the second largest city with 126,563 inhabitants compared to 487,000 for the capital.[12]

Ethnicity and religion

Households of the Ottoman city by ethnoreligious groups
Year[13] Muslims Christians Roma Jews
1472 81.7% 18.3%
1489 87.1% 8.2% 3.5%
1490 (households)[14] 796 78 33
1516 86.7% 7% 2.8% 2.5%
1525 85.2% 7.5% 3.2% 3%
1530 82.1% 9.1% 3.8% 3.7%
1570 82% 9.3% 2.7% 5.4%
1595 78.2% 14% 2.9% 4.8%
1614 68.3% 22.6% 7.7% 4.1%
1695[15] 81% 14%
1876[16] 33%
Population by ethnic groups under Russian administration, Eastern Rumelia and Bulgaria
Census Total Bulgarians Turks Jews Greeks Armenians Roma Others Unspecified
1878 24053[17] 10909 (45.35%) 5558 (23.10%) 1134 (4.71%) 4781 (19.88%) 806 (3.35%) 865 (3.60%) 902 (3.75%)
1884[18]

–

33442 16752 (50.09%) 7144 (21.36%) 2168 (6.48%) 5497 (16.44%) 979 (2.93%) 112 902 (2.70%)
1887 33032 19542 5615 2202 3930 903 348 492
1892 36033 20854 6381 2696 3906 1024 237 935
1900 43033 24170 4708 3602 3908 1844 1934 2869
1910 47981 32727 2946 4436 1571 1794 3524 983
1920 64415 46889 5605 5144 1071 3773 1342 591
1926 84655 63268 4748 5612 549 5881 2746 1851
1934 99883 77449 6102 5574 340 5316 2728 2374
1939 105643 (100%) 82012 (77.63%) 6462 (6.12%) 5960 (5,64%) 200 (0.19%) 6591 (6.24%) 2982 (2.82%) 1436 (1.36%)
2001[19] 338224 302858 (89.5%) 22501 (6.7%) 5192 (1.5%) 5764 (1.7%) 1909
2011[20][21] 338153 277804 (82.2%) 16032 (4.7%) 9438 (2.8%) 1436 (0.4%) 3105 (0.9%) 31774 (9.4%)


Districts and neighbourhoods

قالب:Plovdiv districts

Number Neighbourhood Number Neighbourhood Number Neighbourhood Number Neighbourhood
1 Center 12 Sadiiski 23 Hristo Smirnenski 34 Sheker Mahala
2 Old Town 13 Stochna Gara 24 Proslav
3 Kamenitsa 1 14 Kyutchuk Paris 25 Mladezhki Halm
4 Kamenitsa 2 15 Vastannicheski 26 Otdih i Kultura
5 Izgrev 16 Belomorski 27 Marasha
6 Stolipinovo 17 Institut po Ovoshtarstvo 28 Maritsa Sever
7 Izgrev 18 Ostromila 29 Zaharna Fabrika
8 Industrial zone – East 19 Yuzhen 30 Karshiaka
9 Trakia 20 Tsentralna Gara 31 Gagarin
10 Industrial zone – Trakia 21 Komatevo 32 Industrial Zone – North
11 Industrial zone – South 22 Komatevski Vazel 33 Filipovo

الاقتصاد

المقالة الرئيسية: Economy of Plovdiv

GVA by sector (2013)

  Agriculture (5%)
  Industry (57%)
  Services (38%)

Employees by sector (2014)

  Manufacturing (36%)
  Commerce (16%)
  Education (8%)
  Healthcare (7%)
  Transport (6%)
  Other (27%)

الآن تقع مدينة بلوفديف في وسط منطقة ذات أهمية زراعية كبيرة، فيعد إنتاج الأطعمة أهم صناعاتها. كما تنتج المدينة الآلات والمنسوجات والمواد الكيميائية.


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Economic Indicators

Indicator Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
GDP BGN million 5,539 6,062 6,178 6,374 6,273
Share in Bulgaria's GDP % 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.5
GDP per capita BGN 7,924 8,888 9,087 9,394 9,268
Population Number 696,300 680,884 678,860 678,197 675,586
Average annual number of employees under labor contract Number 208,438 207,599 205,876 203,933 207,057
Average salary of employees under labor contract BGN 6,462 6,889 7,418 7,922 8,504
Economic activity rate % 64.9 64.2 67.7 70.7 71.7
Unemployment rate % 8.5 8.8 11.2 13.4 13.1
FDI EUR million 1.118 1.259 1.340 1.648 1.546

Source: The National Statistical Institute[22]

المدن الشقيقة


المعالم

المدينة الرومانية

class=notpageimage|
Ancient monuments in Plovdiv

On Nebet hill are the remains of the first settlement which in 12th century BC grew to the Thracian city of Eumolpias, one of the first cities in Southeastern Europe. Massive walls surrounding a temple and a palace have been excavated. The oldest part of the fortress was constructed from large syenite blocks, the so-called "cyclopean construction".

معرض صور

  • The Virgin Mary Church

    The Virgin Mary Church

  • Roman Amphiteater and The Academy of music,art and dance

    Roman Amphiteater and The Academy of music,art and dance

  • Kapana District in Plovdiv

    Kapana District in Plovdiv

  • A view of Plovdiv

    A view of Plovdiv

  • Statue of the medieval Bulgarian Khan Krum in Plovdiv

    Statue of the medieval Bulgarian Khan Krum in Plovdiv

  • Saints Cyril and Methodius Church

    Saints Cyril and Methodius Church

  • Saints Cyril and Methodius Church

    Saints Cyril and Methodius Church

  • Protestant church

    Protestant church

  • Protestant church

    Protestant church

  • Plovdiv Cuma Mosque

    Plovdiv Cuma Mosque

  • PlovdivCentreNicolaGruev.JPG

    A building in the centre

  • TheCentralSquarePlovdivNicolaGruev.JPG

    The central square

  • PlovdivCityCentreNicolaGruev.JPG

    The centre of Plovdiv

  • PlovdivCentralStreetNicolaGruev.JPG

    A typical building in the pedestrian street

  • PedestrianStreetPlovdivNicolaGruev.JPG

    Another view of the main street

  • OldcityPlovdivNicolaGruev.JPG

    Houses in the old town of Plovdiv

  • Houses in The Old Town-NicolaGruev.jpg

    Old town

  • A view towards the north of Plovdiv

    A view towards the north of Plovdiv

  • Panoramic view.

    Panoramic view.

  • A view of Plovdiv with Balkan mountain in the background

    A view of Plovdiv with Balkan mountain in the background

  • The old Plovdiv

    The old Plovdiv

  • "Chifte" bath

    "Chifte" bath

  • Plovdiv old house 1.JPG

    The old Plovdiv

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "Functional Urban Areas – Population on 1 January by age groups and sex". Eurostat. 1 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  2. ^ "Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions". eurostat.ec. Eurostat. 8 October 2017. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) – National statistical institute". www.nsi.bg. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  4. ^ Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. "Bulgarien – Plovdiv" (PDF). Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) (in الدانمركية). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 42. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  5. ^ Bulgarian National Statistical Institute – Bulgarian towns in 2009 Archived 13 نوفمبر 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ Urban Audit – The City of Plovdiv Archived 15 أبريل 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ^ "WorldCityPopulation" Archived 31 مايو 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ^ "pop-stat.mashke.org". Pop-stat.mashke.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  9. ^ (in بلغارية) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Archived 6 يوليو 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ [1] Archived 6 يوليو 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة ocertsi
  13. ^ Bazdar, Osman. Demographic Features of Ottoman Upper Thrace: A Case Study On Filibe, Tatar Pazarcik and Stanımaka (1472–1614). The Institute of Economics and Social Sciencesof Bilkent University. By GRIGOR BOYKOV. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.academia.edu/952671. Retrieved on 25 August 2017. 
  14. ^ Art and Society of Bulgaria in the Turkish Period: A Sketch of the Economic, Juridical, and Artistic Preconditions of Bulgarian Post-Byzantine Art and Its Place in the Development of the Art of the Christian Balkans, 1360/70-1700 : a New Interpretation, p. 83
  15. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة egeweb2.ege.edu.tr
  16. ^ Demeter, Gabor. New series of ethnic maps by Zsolt Bottlik. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.academia.edu/25242517. Retrieved on 9 March 2019. 
  17. ^ ИЗТОЧНА РУМЕЛИЯ МЕЖДУ ЕВРОПА И ОРИЕНТА Archived 11 يوليو 2011 at the Wayback Machine, посетен на 17 януари 2008 г.
  18. ^ "Източна Румелия между Европа и Ориента" (in البلغارية). Регионален исторически музей Пловдив. Archived from the original on 11 يوليو 2011. Retrieved 11 يناير 2010.
  19. ^ "Municipal development plan of Plovdiv (incl. 2001 census data)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  20. ^ (in بلغارية) Population on 01.02.2011 by provinces, municipalities, settlements and age; National Statistical Institute Archived 14 أغسطس 2013 at WebCite
  21. ^ Population by province, municipality, settlement and ethnic identification, by 01.02.2011; Bulgarian National Statistical Institute Archived 5 أبريل 2013 at WebCite (in بلغارية)
  22. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة nsi
  23. ^ "Partnership towns of the City of Košice" (in Slovak). 2007-2009 City of Košice Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. SNP 48/A, 040 11 Košice. Retrieved 12 July 2009. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ^ "Twinning Cities". City of Thessaloniki. Retrieved 7 July 2009.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Plovdiv

قالب:Plovdiv Province قالب:Districts of Plovdiv قالب:Maritsa قالب:Rodopi

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