كومانوڤو

كومانوڤو Куманово Kumanovo
الميدان الرئيسي في كومانوڤو
Flag الشعار
خريطة كومانوڤو
كومانوڤو الموقع في جمهورية مقدونيا
الإحداثيات: 42°08′09″N 21°43′05″E
البلد	مقدونيا
البلدية	بلدية كومانوڤو
الحكومة
• العمدة	Zoran Damjanovski (SDSM)
المساحة
• المدينة	509٫48 كم² (196٫71 ميل²)
المنسوب	340 m (1٬120 ft)
التعداد  (2002)
• المدينة	70٬842
• الكثافة	207٫04/km2 (536٫2/sq mi)
• العمرانية	105 484
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
Postal codes	1300
مفتاح الهاتف	+389 (0)31
Car plates	KU
Patron saints	St. George
الموقع الإلكتروني	Official Page

كومانوڤو (مقدونية: Куманово [kuˈmanɔvɔ] ( استمع)؛ إنگليزية: Kumanovo) هي مدينة في جمهورية مقدونيا وهي مقر بلدية كومانوڤو التي هي أكبر بلدية في البلد. مؤسسات البلدية تضم مجلس المدينة، العمدة وهيئات ادارية أخرى.

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 أصل الاسم

The name of the city in Albanian is Kumanova or Kumanovë and in Turkish is Kumanova, while in Serbian and Bulgarian is the same as in Macedonian: Kumanovo (Куманово). The name derives from the Cumans, a Turkic tribe that invaded in the area in the early 12th century.

The Municipal Building in Kumanovo (built as an Ottoman police station)

 الجغرافيا

Kumanovo is situated in the northeastern part of the Macedonia, near the capital city of Skopje.

 الديمغرافيا

 التاريخية

The following is a table of historical visits to Kumanovo, along with the number of houses recorded by the visitor.

اسم الرحالة	سنة زيارته كومانوڤو	عدد البيوت/التعداد
Pukvil	1800	300 houses
Gomera	1810	800 population
Dupničanin	1835	5,000 population
Bue	1838	3-4,000 polulation
Bue	1854	3,000 population
Papadopulos	1856	200 houses
Reports	1859	4,500 population
Han	1862	3,200 population
Hadzi Vasiljevič	1865	650 houses
Timaev	1865	4,200 population
Harački's List	1868	721 houses
Bjankoni	1885	7,000 population
Novakovič	1886	8,000 population
Petrov	1886	8,000 population
Sal-Name	1887	900 houses
Veselinovič	1887	5,000 population
Gopčevič	1889	5,700 population
Petrov	1896	2,100 houses
Knčev	1900	14,530 population
Župančič	1903	14,530 population
Hadzi Vasiljevič	1907	15,000 population

Table below showing historic demographic development according to Yugoslav and Macedonian census data:

City of Kumanovo population according to ethnic group 1948-2002

Ethnic group	census 1948		census 1953		census 1961		census 1971		census 1981		census 1994		census 2002
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
المقدونيون	..	..	14,351	61.5	20,323	66.1	28,789	62.1	36,812	60.5	40,634	62.3	42,840	60.5
الألبان	..	..	951	4.0	1,893	6.2	7,827	16.9	12,997	21.4	15,612	23.9	18,277	25.8
أتراك	..	..	3,858	16.5	2,512	8.2	1,791	3.9	936	1.5	241	0.4	256	0.4
روما	..	..	1,861	8.0	..	..	3,013	6.5	4,415	7.3	2,987	4.6	4,042	5.7
ڤلاخ	..	..	12	0.1	..	..	..	..	44	0.1	85	0.1	108	0.2
الصرب	..	..	1,790	7.7	2,808	9.1	3,759	8.1	4,252	7.0	5,097	7.8	4,727	6.7
البشناق	..	..	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	14	0.0
غيرهم	..	..	516	2.2	3,226	10.5	1,184	2.6	1,386	2.3	577	0.9	578	0.8
Total	20,242		23,339		30,762		46,363		60,842		65,233		70,842

 الوضع الحالي

The population of the city of Kumanovo according to the 2002 census numbers 77,561, the majority of which are ethnic Macedonians 62.4% (48,416), with a significant minority of ethnic Albanians 23.7% (18,369) and Serbs 7.4% (5,746).

The most common mother tongues in the city were the following:

• Macedonian, 45,306 (64.0%)
• Albanian, 18,283 (25.8%)
• Romani, 4,007 (5.7%)
• Serbian, 2,399(3.4%)
• Turkish, 215 (0.3%)
• others, 632 (0.9%)

The religious composition of the city was the following:

• Eastern Orthodox Christians, 46,766 (66.0%)
• Muslims, 22,483 (31.7%)
• others, 1,593 (2.3%)

 التاريخ

 قبل التاريخ

تحف كوكينو.

The area boasts several prehistoric settlements, among which are the Kostoperska karpa, the Bronze Age Gradiste near the village of Pelince, the Neolithic site of Mlado Nagoričane, the Iron Age tumulus Groblje at Vojnik, the Roman Necropolis Drezga of Lopate, and the Roman Settlement Vicianus at village of Klečovce.

 الفترة العثمانية

The town was first mentioned in 17-th century. أوليا چلبي described it in 1660–61: "The colony of Kumanovo is situated on the territory of the Skopje sanjak and represents one county. The city is embellished with many rivers and 600 tile-roofs houses. The mosque in the downtown is beautiful, there are tekke, madrassa, hammam, a number of shops and water mills; and the climate is pleasant and agreeable. There are many vineyards and gardens".

Commemoration plaque at Skopje dedicated to Karposh's Rebellion.

In 1689, Karposh, a brigand commander in the region of Dospat (present-day Bulgaria), who served as an Ottoman Christian auxiliary force commander, took advantage of the weakening of the Ottomans and discontent that arose concerning higher Ottoman taxation policies, and organized a revolt while Austria staged an attack on the Ottomans. Karposh's Rebellion quickly spread, resulting in the liberation of Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Kumanovo, Kačanik and other towns. Then, together with the Austrian army led by Emperor Leopold I, the local Christian population fought to liberate Skopje and Štip. Later changes in the military and political situation in the Balkans had crucial downwards effect on the revolt. The Austrian army was forced to withdraw and the reinforced Ottomans attacked the rebels, taking Kriva Palanka, the rebel stronghold, and then attacked Kumanovo and its newly constructed fortress, where they capturedKarposh and put him to death on the Stone Bridge across the Vardar.

 حرب البلقان الأولى

في أكتوبر 1912، أثناء حرب البلقان الأولى, Serbian forces under the command of General Radomir Putnik won a decisive victory over the Ottomans north of the town. The two-day Battle of Kumanovo ended Ottoman authority in Vardar Macedonia and prepared the way for the region's integration into Yugoslavia. Macedonia was split in three among Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria after the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913.

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 الحرب العالمية الثانية

Second World War memorial - Kosturnica

The anti-fascist insurrection of Macedonians and the struggle for national and social liberation began in Kumanovo and Prilep on October 11, 1941.

 الثورة الألبانية 2001 والعلاقات الطائفية

انظر أيضاً: 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia

Macedonian Armed forces in July 2001 near Kumanovo

نشاط لـ مولتي-كولتي.

The Albanian insurgency in Macedonia first started in the mountains outskirts of Tetovo and then spread in May 2001 to the region of Kumanovo mostly to the north. The armed conflict in Kumanovo mainly resulted in a division of the educational system along ethnical lines. All the Albanian-language students left the schools and demanded new schools to be opened. Following this process there is a visible separation in the town affecting the inter-community relations. The Law on Local Self-Government, Article 44 (Sl.besnik br.5/2002), envisages the establishment of the Commission for Inter-community Relations (CICR). CICR is a consultative body in the Council of the Municipality of Kumanovo and is formed by 12 representatives of the Macedonian, Albanian, Roma, Serbian, Turkish and Vlach ethnic groups. CICR aims to develop and improve relations between the ethnic communities and to ensure active participation of minorities in decision-making on issues that have ethnic nature and are found in the agenda of the Council of the Municipality of Kumanovo. Other organizations active in bridging the community divide include the Center for Intercultural Dialogue (CID), Roma community center DROM, the local Red Cross and others. One of the most effective systems for supporting the inter-community divide is through the youth centers MultiKulti managed by CID Kumanovo. These centers offer space for youngsters to meet, and apart from learning about each other, they also get youth work support.

 الاقتصاد

The town's metal-processing, tobacco, agriculture, footwear and textile industries have made it an economic, trading and cultural center of approximately 135,529 people. Agriculture and trade developed mainly in the 19th century, but the city's modern look was established after the Second World War.

 معرض صور

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  نصب الثورة في كومانوڤو

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  تمثال Batko Gjorgjija في ميدان كومانوڤو

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  محطة السكة الحديدية في كومانوڤو

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  كومانوڤو في الليل

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  Bislim بالقرب من كومانوڤو

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  مرصد كوكينو الجلمودي

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  Collective residential area في كومانوڤو

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  مسجد چركز في كومانوڤو

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  Road near Skačkovce

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  مصنع في كومانوڤو

 العلاقات الدولية

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Macedonia

 البلدات التوأم — المدن الشقيقة

Kumanovo is twinned with the following cities and municipalities:

Varaždin; Croatia Vranje; Serbia Bijeljina; Bosnia and Herzegovina Plovdiv; Bulgaria

Gabrovo; بلغاريا Câmpina; رومانيا Leskovac; Serbia Nicosia; Cyprus

Çorlu; Turkey Prozor; Bosnia and Herzegovina Gornji Milanovac; Serbia Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo

Pančevo; Serbia Nikšić; Montenegro Čukarica; (City of Belgrade) Serbia Obrenovac; (City of Belgrade) Serbia

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 انظر أيضاً

• List of people from Kumanovo
• List of mayors of Kumanovo
• Kumanovo dialect
• Kumanovo Municipality
• Buildings and Structures in Kumanovo
• Karposh's Rebellion
• Battle of Kumanovo
• Kumanovo Treaty
• Gradski Stadium Kumanovo
• كوماني
• Kumanovo Prison
• Timeline of Kumanovo
• Diocese of Kumanovo and Osogovo
• Muftiship of Kumanovo

 غيرهم

قائمة البلدان التي حكمت كومانوڤو
مقدونيا (1991–الحاضر)
يوغوسلاڤيا (1945-1991)
قوى المحور (1941-1945)
مملكة يوغسلاڤيا (1919-1941)
القوى المركزية (1914-1919)
مملكة صربيا (1912-1914)
الدولة العثمانية (1395-1912)
Velbazhd Despotate (1373-1395)
الامبراطورية الصربية (1346-1371)
مملكة صربيا (1217–1346)
Second Bulgarian Empire (1207-1217)
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية (1018-1204)
مملكة صامويل (976-1018)
First Bulgarian Empire (836-976)
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية (330-836)
Roman Empire (148BC-330AD)

 الهامش

 المصادر

• Srpsko geografsko društvo (1972). Glasnik 52 (in Serbian). Srpsko geografsko društvo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

• Историско друштво НР Србије (1951). Историски гласник (in Serbian). Научна књига.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

 وصلات خارجية

• Official Web Site of Kumanovo
• Kumanovo daily news
• Kumanovo FAQ
• Kokino megalithic observatory
• Kokino ancient observatory
• Kumanovo jazz festival
• Web Site of Kumanovo
• Kumani Zapad