ليكود

Likud – National Liberal Movement
הליכוד – תנועה לאומית ליברלית
الرئيسBenjamin Netanyahu
المؤسسMenachem Begin
تأسس1973 (alliance)
1988 (unified party)
اندماجGahal (Herut and Liberal Party), Free Centre, National List والحركة من أجل إسرائيل الكبرى
المقر الرئيسيMetzudat Ze'ev
38 King George Street
Tel Aviv, Israel
الجناح الشبابيLikud Youth
العضوية  (2012)125,000
الأيديولوجية
الموقف السياسيRight-wing[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][استشهاد مفرط]
الانتماء الاوروپيEuropean Conservatives and Reformists Party (global partner)[20]
الانتماء الدوليInternational Democracy Union
الألوان     Blue
النشيد
"ג'ינגל הליכוד"[21]
("The Likud Jingle")
Knesset
32 / 120
Most MKs48 (1981)
الرمز الانتخابي
מחל
م‌ح‌ل‎
[22]
علم الحزب
Flag of the Likud.svg
الموقع
www.likud.org.il Edit this at Wikidata

ليكود هو الحزب الرئيسي في يمين-وسط الطيف السياسي الإسرائيلي ، والمنافس الرئيسي لحزب العمل. تم تأسيسه عام 1973 ، عندما إندمج حزب حيروت والحزب اللبرالي الإسرائيليين.

ترجع الجذور الفكرية لحزب الليكود لزئڤ جابوتنسكي، والذي كانت حركته القومية الليبرالية (بيتار) المعارض الرئيسي لحزب ماباي الإشتراكي بزعامة ديفيد بنغوريون.

وبالرغم من ان الحزب عارض تقليديا ترك الأراضي ، إلا ان الحزب تحت زعامة رئيس الوزراء الإسرائيلي مناحيم بيگن إنسحب من سيناء بحسب إتفاق كامب ديفيد الموقع مع مصر.

كان إنتصار بيغين في إنتخابات عام 1977 على منافسه من حزب العمل شمعون بيريز أول إنتصار إنتخابي . كما أنه أول هزيمة لحزب العمل منذ إقامة دول إسرائيل.

شغل منصب رئيس وزراء حكومات إسرائيل من حزب الليكود مناحم بيگن (1977-1983), إسحاق شامير (1983-1984, 1986-1992), بنيامين نتنياهو (1996-1999) وأرييل شارون (2001-2005 )و انشأ بعدها حزب كاديما.

تقليدياً، دعم حزب الليكون إقامة المستوطنات في الأرض الفلسطينية المحتلة ، ولكن خطة الإنفصال لشارون، والتي في حال تطبيقها سيتم إخلاء كل المستوطنين من قطاع غزة، أدى إلى نشوء معظلة فكرية لدى الحزب.

بالرغم من أن المعتدلين من أعضاء الحزب يؤيدون الخطة، فالعديد من الليكوديين، من ضمنهم وزراء يمينيون واللجنة المركزية لحزب الليكود يعارضون ترك اية مستوطنات.

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Composition (1973–1988)

Name Ideology Position Leader
Herut (1973–1988)
Right-wing
Liberal (1973–88)
Centre-right
National List
(1973–1976; 1981)
Centre
Free Centre
(1973–1977)
Right-wing Shmuel Tamir (1967–1977)
Independent Centre
(1975–76)
Right-wing Eliezer Shostak (1975–76)
Movement for Greater Israel
(1973–1976)
Right-wing Avraham Yoffe (1967–1976)
La'am
(1976–1984)
Centre-right


Leaders

Leader Took office Left office Prime Ministerial tenure Knesset elections Elected/reelected as leader
1 Menachem Begin, Andrews AFB, 1978.JPG Menachem Begin 1973 1983 1977–1983 1977, 1981
2 Yitzhak Shamir (1980).jpg Yitzhak Shamir 1983 1993 1983–1984, 1986–1992 1984, 1988, 1992 1983, 1984, and 1992
3 Benjamin Netanyahu, February 2023.jpg Benjamin Netanyahu 1993 1999 1996–1999 1996, 1999 1993,[23] and 1999 (Jan)[23]
4 Ariel Sharon Headshot.jpg Ariel Sharon 1999 2005 2001–2006 2001, 2003 1999 (Sep)[23] and 2002[23]
(3) Benjamin Netanyahu, February 2023.jpg Benjamin Netanyahu 2005 Incumbent 2009–2021, 2022– 2006, 2009, 2013, 2015, Apr 2019, Sep 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 2005[23] 2007[24] 2012, 2014, and 2019



الزعماء

أعضاء الكنيست (2009)

Likud currently has 27 Knesset members. They are listed below in the order that they appeared on the party's list for the 2009 elections.

أعضاء الكنيست في الدورة الثانية والعشرين (2019)

[25]

Current MKs

Likud currently has 32 Knesset members. They are listed below in the order that they appeared on the party's list for the 2022 elections.

  1. Benjamin Netanyahu
  2. Yariv Levin
  3. Eli Cohen
  4. Yoav Galant
  5. Dudi Amsalem
  6. Amir Ohana
  7. Yoav Kisch
  8. Nir Barkat
  9. Miri Regev
  10. Miki Zohar
  11. Avi Dichter
  12. Israel Katz
  13. Shlomo Karhi
  14. Amichai Chikli
  15. Danny Danon
  16. Idit Silman
  17. David Bitan
  18. Yuli Edelstein
  19. Eliyahu Revivo
  20. Galit Distel-Atbaryan
  21. Nissim Vaturi
  22. Shalom Danino
  23. Haim Katz
  24. Ofir Akunis
  25. Tali Gottlieb
  26. Hanoch Milwidsky
  27. Boaz Bismuth
  28. Moshe Saada
  29. Eli Dellal
  30. Gila Gamliel
  31. Ofir Katz
  32. May Golan

Election results

Knesset

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Status
1973 Menachem Begin 473,309 30.2 (#2)
39 / 120
 ▲ 7
1977[أ] 583,968 33.4 (#1)
43 / 120
 ▲ 4 Coalition
1981 718,941 37.1 (#1)
48 / 120
 ▲ 3 Coalition
1984 Yitzhak Shamir 661,302 31.9 (#2)
41 / 120
 Decrease 7 Coalition
1988 709,305 31.1 (#1)
40 / 120
 Decrease 1 Coalition
1992 651,229 24.9 (#2)
32 / 120
 Decrease 8
1996[ب] Benjamin Netanyahu 767,401 25.1 (#2)
22 / 120
 Decrease 10 Coalition
1999 468,103 14.1 (#2)
19 / 120
 Decrease 3
2003 Ariel Sharon 925,279 29.4 (#1)
38 / 120
 ▲ 19 Coalition
2006 Benjamin Netanyahu 281,996 9.0 (#4)
12 / 120
 Decrease 26
2009 729,054 21.6 (#2)
27 / 120
 ▲ 15 Coalition
2013[ت] 884,631 23.3 (#1)
20 / 120
 Decrease 7 Coalition
2015 984,966 23.4 (#1)
30 / 120
 ▲ 12 Coalition
Apr 2019 1,138,772 26.5 (#1)
35 / 120
 ▲ 5 Caretaker
Sep 2019 1,113,617 25.1 (#2)
32 / 120
 Decrease 4 Caretaker
2020 1,349,171 29.5 (#1)
36 / 120
 ▲ 4 Coalition
2021 1,066,892 24.2 (#1)
30 / 120
 Decrease 6
2022 1,115,049 23.4 (#1)
32 / 120
 ▲ 2 Coalition
  1. ^ Both members of Shlomtzion joined the party, giving it 45 seats.
  2. ^ Run in coalition with Gesher and Tzomet.
  3. ^ Run in coalition with Yisrael Beiteinu.


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رئيس الوزراء

الانتخابات المرشح الأصوات % النتيجة
1996 Benjamin Netanyahu 1,501,023 50.5 (#1) Won
1999 Benjamin Netanyahu 1,402,474 43.9 (#2)
2001 Ariel Sharon 1,698,077 62.4 (#1) Won

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^
    • Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce (2013). Principles of International Politics. SAGE. p. 69.
    • Utter, Glenn (2004). Conservative Christians and Political Participation. ABC-CLIO. p. 29.
    • El-Gendy, Karim (2018). The Process of Israeli Decision Making. Al-Zaytouna Centre. p. 192.
    • Neack, Laura (2018). Studying Foreign Policy Comparatively. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-5381-0963-2.
    • The Middle East: From Transition to Development. Brill. 2022. p. 64. ISBN 978-90-04-47667-7.
  2. ^
    • Daniel Tauber (13 August 2010). "Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1880-1940)". Likud Anglos. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Jabotinsky's movement and teachings, which can be characterized as national-liberalism, form the foundation of the Likud party.
    • McGann, James G.; Johnson, Erik C. (2005). Comparative Think Tanks, Politics and Public Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-78195-899-5. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2016. The Likud Party, the party of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, is a national-liberal party, while the Labor Party, led by Shimon Peres, is more left-wing and identified as social-democratic.
    • "Meet the parties – Likud". Haaretz. 2015. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 2015-03-01. A national-liberal political movement (center-right, in Israeli terms) that was established as an alliance of parties that united into a single party in 1984.
  3. ^ Watzal, Ludwig (1999). Peace Enemies The Past and Present Conflict Between Israel and Palestine. PASSIA. p. 28.
  4. ^ Grübel, Monika (1997). Judaism. Barron's. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7641-0051-2.
  5. ^ "Israel: Cracks in the Facade". Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. 23 January 2023. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023. Benjamin Netanyahu's national-conservative party Likud
  6. ^ "Israel election: Who are the key candidates?". BBC News. 14 March 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
  7. ^
    • Shafir, Gershon (2002). Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge University Press. p. 30.
    • Moghadam, Valentine (2020). Globalization and Social Movements. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 201.
    • Langford, Barry (2017). All Together Now. Biteback Publishing. Netanyahu, leader of the right-wing populist party Likud, ran for re-election
  8. ^ "Guide to Israel's political parties". BBC News. 2013-01-21. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  9. ^ Amnon Rapoport (1990). Experimental Studies of Interactive Decisions. Kluwer Academic. p. 413. ISBN 978-0-7923-0685-6. Likud is a liberal-conservative party that gains much of its support from the lower and middle classes, and promotes free enterprise, nationalism, and expansionism.
  10. ^ Joel Greenberg (22 November 1998). "The World: Pursuing Peace; Netanyahu and His Party Turn Away from 'Greater Israel'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2015. Likud, despite defections, had joined Labor in accepting the inevitability of territorial compromise.... Revolutionary as it may seem, Likud's abandonment of its maximalist vision has in fact been evolving for years.
  11. ^ Ethan Bronner (20 February 2009). "Netanyahu, Once Hawkish, Now Touts Pragmatism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2015. Likud as a party has made a major transformation in the last 15 years from being rigidly committed to retaining all the land of Israel to looking pragmatically at how to retain for Israel defensible borders in a very uncertain Middle East....
  12. ^ Karsh, Efraim (2013). Israel: The First Hundred Years: Politics and Society since 1948. Vol. 3. Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-135-26278-5. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  13. ^ "Likud – political party, Israel". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.|"Guide to Israel's political parties". Bbc.com. 4 November 2017. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  14. ^ Ishaan Tharoor (14 March 2015). "A guide to the political parties battling for Israel's future". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  15. ^ "Israel: New Netanyahu government vows to expand settlements". Deutsche Welle. 28 December 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing Likud Party announced its key policy priorities for the new Israeli government on Wednesday, with settlement expansion at the top of the list.
  16. ^ "Israel chooses Knesset speaker as forming new government looms". Al Jazeera. 13 December 2022. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. Yariv Levin, a senior member of Netanyahu's right-wing Likud party, was chosen on Tuesday to replace Mickey Levy.
  17. ^ "Benjamin Netanyahu Fast Facts". CNN. 29 December 2022. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. Leader of the right-wing Likud Party.
  18. ^ "With most votes now counted, Netanyahu seems poised to return as Israel's leader". NPR. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023. His right-wing Likud Party is the clear frontrunner. His main ally, the far-right Religious Zionism party, made historic gains in Tuesday's vote,
  19. ^ "Senior member of Netanyahu's party breaks away as Israeli election beckons". Reuters. 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. A prominent rival of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the right-wing Likud party announced on Tuesday a breakaway bid aimed at defeating the Israeli leader in a looming early national election.,
  20. ^ Member parties Archived 12 أكتوبر 2017 at the Wayback Machine European Conservatives and Reformists Party
  21. ^ "הג'ינגל של הליכוד: רק שרון יביא שלום שישמור עלינו". news.walla.co.il. 8 January 2001. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  22. ^ "הליכוד בהנהגת בנימין נתניהו לראשות הממשלה". Central Election Committee for the Knesset. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  23. ^ أ ب ت ث ج خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Kenig
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  25. ^ الموقع الرسمي للكنيست الاسرائيلي

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