قائمة مواقع التراث العالمي في جنوب أوروپا

اليونسكو (منظمة الأمم المتحدة للتربية والتعليم والثقافة) has designated 140 World Heritage Sites in all of the 15 sovereign countries (also called "state parties") of Southern Europe: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain and Vatican City. There are no sites in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Due to their geographical location, the Portuguese site on Madeira and four Spanish sites on the Canary Islands are not included here but in the List of World Heritage Sites in Africa.

The top two countries by number of World Heritage Sites are located in this region: Italy with 49 sites and Spain with 44 sites (40 sites not including those on the Canary Islands). Seven sites are shared between several countries: Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde (Portugal and Spain), Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes (Italy and Switzerland), Monte San Giorgio (Italy and Switzerland), Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura (Holy See and Italy), Pyrénées - Mont Perdu (France and Spain), Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland) and Heritage of Mercury - Almadén and Idrija (Slovenia and Spain). The first sites from the region were inscribed in 1979 a year after the list's conception, and included six sites in the former Yugoslavia and one site in Italy. Each year, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list, or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria. Selection is based on ten criteria: six for cultural heritage (i-vi) and four for natural heritage (vii-x). Some sites, designated "mixed sites," represent both cultural and natural heritage. In Southern Europe, there are 130 cultural, 6 natural, and 4 mixed sites.

The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered, citing "conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List." One of the sites (Medieval Monuments in Kosovo) in Southern Europe is listed as endangered and four sites (Old City of Dubrovnik, Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor, Plitvice Lakes National Park and Butrint) were previously listed. Possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of other cases.

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 المفتاح

The table is sortable by column by clicking on the at the top of the appropriate column; alphanumerically for the Site, Area, and Year columns; by state party for the Location column; and by criteria type for the Criteria column. Transborder sites sort at the bottom.

الموقع; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation

المكان; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates

السمة; as defined by the World Heritage Committee

المساحة؛ بالهكتار والفدان. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO

السنة; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List

الوصف; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable

 المواقع المدرجة

  * موقع عابر للحدود

  † في خطر

الموقع	الصورة	المكان	المعايير	المساحة هكتار (فدان)	السنة	الوصف	هامش
قصر كازرتا الملكي ومنتزهه من القرن 18، Aqueduct of Vanvitelli، ومجمع سان ليوتشيو		Italy !مقاطعات كازرتا وبـِنـِڤـِنتو، كامپانيا، إيطاليا 41°4′24″N 14°19′35″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	87 (210); buffer zone 111 (270)	1997
أكروپوليس، أثينا		Greece !أتيكا، اليونان 37°58′15″N 23°43′34″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	3.04 (7.5); buffer zone 117 (290)	1987
الحمراء، جنراليفه والبيازين، غرناطة		Spain !مقاطعة غرناطة، الأندلس، إسپانيا 37°10′36″N 3°35′40″W	ثقافي: (i)(iii)(iv)	—	1994	The three sites are remnants of the Moorish influence in southern Spain. The fortress Alhambra and the palace Generalife were built by the rulers of the Emirate of Granada. The Albayzín district contains examples of the Moorish vernacular architecture and was added to the listing in 1994.
Alto Douro Wine Region		Portugal !Douro Subregion, Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province, الپرتغال 41°6′6″N 7°47′56″W	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)(v)	24,600 (61,000); buffer zone 225,400 (557,000)	2001
Aranjuez Cultural Landscape		Spain !Aranjuez, Community of Madrid, إسپانيا 40°2′11″N 3°36′34″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	2,048 (5,060); buffer zone 16,605 (41,030)	2001	The landscape around the Royal Palace of Aranjuez was developed by the Spanish royal family over a course of three centuries and contains innovative horticultural and design ideas. The area was the exclusive property of the royal family until the 19th century when the modern civilian city developed.
Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia		Italy !Province of Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, إيطاليا 45°46′6″N 13°22′3″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)(vi)	155 (380)	1998
Archaeological Area of Agrigento		Italy !Province of Agrigento, Sicily, إيطاليا 37°17′23″N 13°35′36″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	934 (2,310); buffer zone 1,869 (4,620)	1997
Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata		Italy !Province of Naples, Campania, إيطاليا 40°45′0″N 14°29′0″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)(v)	98 (240); buffer zone 24 (59)	1997
Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco		Spain !Province of Tarragona, Catalonia, إسپانيا 41°6′53″N 1°15′33.5″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)	100 (250)	2000	The prominent Roman city of Tárraco at the site of modern-day Tarragona served as the capital of the provinces of Hispania Citerior and later Hispania Tarraconensis. The amphitheatre was constructed in the 2nd century. Most remains are only fragments or preserved under more modern buildings.
Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida		Spain !Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, إسپانيا 38°54′58″N 6°20′16″W	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)	—	1993	Mérida was founded in 25 BC by the Romans as Emerita Augusta and was the capital of the Lusitania province. Remains from the Roman era include a bridge, aqueduct, amphitheatre, theatre, circus, and forum.
Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina)		Greece !Imathia, Central Macedonia, اليونان 40°28′17″N 22°19′6″E	ثقافي: (i)(iii)	1,421 (3,510); buffer zone 4,812 (11,890)	1996
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca		Spain !Province of Burgos, Castile and León, إسپانيا 42°22′17″N 3°32′50″W	ثقافي: (iii)(v)	—	2000	The caves in the Atapuerca Mountains contain fossil remains of the earliest human beings discovered in Europe dating from nearly one million years ago. The Sima de los Huesos or "Pit of Bones" contains the world's largest collection of hominid fossils.
Archaeological Site of Delphi		Greece !Phocis, Central Greece, اليونان 38°28′53″N 22°29′46″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	51 (130); buffer zone 14,314 (35,370)	1987
Archaeological Site of Mystras		Greece !Laconia, Peloponnese, اليونان 37°4′50″N 22°22′0″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)	54 (130); buffer zone 1,203 (2,970)	1989
Archaeological Site of Olympia		Greece !Elis, Western Peloponnese, اليونان 37°39′0″N 21°40′0″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	106 (260); buffer zone 1,458 (3,600)	1989
Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns		Greece !Argolis, Peloponnese, اليونان 37°44′0″N 22°45′0″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	—	1999
Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites		Italy !إيطاليا 43°3′58″N 12°37′21″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	14,563 (35,990); buffer zone 4,087 (10,100)	2000
Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua		Italy !City and Province of Padua, Veneto, إيطاليا 45°23′57″N 11°52′50″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)	2.20 (5.4); buffer zone 11 (27)	1997
Burgos Cathedral		Spain !Burgos, Province of Burgos, Castile and León, إسپانيا 42°20′25″N 3°42′14.5″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	—	1984	The Gothic-style cathedral was constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries. It is the burial place of Spanish national hero, El Cid.
Butrint		Albania !Sarandë District, ألبانيا 39°45′4″N 20°1′34″E	ثقافي: (iii)	3,980 (9,800); buffer zone 4,611 (11,390)	1992	The site had been listed as endangered 1997–2005 following damages due to management and conservation.
Castel del Monte		Italy !Andria and Corato, Province of Bari, Puglia, إيطاليا 41°5′5″N 16°16′15.4″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)	3.10 (7.7); buffer zone 10,847 (26,800)	1996
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí		Spain !Province of Lleida, Catalonia, إسپانيا 42°30′17″N 0°48′13″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	—	2000	The small valley at the edge of the Pyrenees contains churches in Romanesque style decorated with Romanesque murals, statues, and altars. The churches are unique for their tall, square bell towers.
Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville		Spain !Province of Seville, Andalusia, إسپانيا 37°23′2″N 5°59′30″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(vi)	12 (30); buffer zone 187 (460)	1987	The Alcázar was built during the Almohad dynasty that ruled southern Spain until the Reconquista. The cathedral dates to the 15th century and holds the tombs of Ferdinand III and Christopher Columbus. The Archivo (Archive) houses documents relating to the colonization of the Americas.
Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena		Italy !City and Province of Modena, Emilia–Romagna, إيطاليا 44°38′46″N 10°55′32″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	1.20 (3.0); buffer zone 1.10 (2.7)	1997
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain		Spain !Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, إسپانيا 43°22′57″N 4°6′58″W	ثقافي: (i)(iii)	2,235 (5,520)	1985	The Cave of Altamira contains examples of cave painting from the Upper Paleolithic period, ranging from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. The original listing contained seventeen decorated caves. The caves are well-preserved because of their deep isolation from the external climate.
Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores		Portugal !Terceira Island, Azores, الپرتغال 38°39′18″N 27°13′12″W	ثقافي: (iv)(vi)	—	1983
Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci		Italy !Province of Milano, Lombardy, إيطاليا 45°27′57″N 9°10′14″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)	1.50 (3.7)	1980
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula		Italy !Province of Salerno, Campania, إيطاليا 40°17′0″N 15°16′0″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)	159,110 (393,200); buffer zone 178,101 (440,100)	1998
City of Valletta		Malta !Malta Island, مالطا 35°54′2″N 14°30′52″E	ثقافي: (i)(vi)	56 (140)	1980
City of Verona		Italy !City and Province of Verona, Veneto, إيطاليا 45°26′19″N 10°59′38″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	453 (1,120); buffer zone 431 (1,070)	2000
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto		Italy !Provinces of Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Venice, Verona and Vicenza, Veneto, إيطاليا 45°32′57″N 11°32′58″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)	334 (830)	1994
Convent of Christ in Tomar		Portugal !Tomar, Santarém District, الپرتغال 39°36′17″N 8°25′3″W	ثقافي: (i)(vi)	—	1983
Costiera Amalfitana		Italy !Province of Salerno, Campania, إيطاليا 40°39′0″N 14°36′0″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(v)	11,231 (27,750)	1997
Crespi d'Adda		Italy !Province of Bergamo, Lombardy, إيطاليا 45°35′36″N 9°32′18″E	ثقافي: (iv)(v)	—	1995
Cultural Landscape of Sintra		Portugal !Sintra, الپرتغال 38°47′0″N 9°25′0″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(v)	946 (2,340); buffer zone 3,641 (9,000)	1995
Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana		Spain !Mallorca, إسپانيا 39°43′51″N 2°41′41″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(v)	30,745 (75,970); buffer zone 78,617 (194,270)	2011
Delos		Greece !Cyclades, South Aegean, اليونان 37°24′0″N 25°16′0″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	351 (870)	1990
Doñana National Park		Spain !Huelva and Sevilla Provinces, Andalusia, إسپانيا 36°56′52″N 6°21′32″W	Natural: (vii)(ix)(x)	54,252 (134,060)	1994	The park consists of the delta region where the Guadalquivir River reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It is home to a diverse variety of biotopes, such as lagoons, marshlands, dunes, and maquis. The park is one of the largest heronries in the Mediterranean region and holds more than 500,000 water fowl during the winter period.
Durmitor National Park		Montenegro !الجبل الأسود 43°7′59″N 19°1′0″E	Natural: (vii)(viii)(x)	32,100 (79,000)	1980
Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna		Italy !City and Province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, إيطاليا 44°25′13.5″N 12°11′46.5″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	1.32 (3.3)	1996
Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč		Croatia !Poreč, Istria County, كرواتيا 45°13′45″N 13°35′40″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)	1.10 (2.7)	1997	The episcopal complex, with its striking mosaics dating back to the 6th century, is one of the best examples of early Byzantine art and architecture in the Mediterranean region and the world. It includes the basilica itself, a sacristy, a baptistery and the bell tower of the nearby archbishop's palace.
Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia		Italy !Provinces of Rome and Viterbo, Lazio, إيطاليا 42°0′25″N 12°6′7″E	ثقافي: (i)(iii)(iv)	21 (52); buffer zone 5,786 (14,300)	2004
Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta		Italy !City and Province of Ferrara, Emilia–Romagna, إيطاليا 44°50′16″N 11°37′10″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)	46,712 (115,430); buffer zone 117,649 (290,720)	1995
Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications		Portugal !Alentejo, الپرتغال 38°52′50″N 7°9′48″W	ثقافي: (iv)	179 (440); buffer zone 608 (1,500)	2012	The site, extensively fortified from the 17th to 19th centuries, represents the largest bulwarked dry ditch system in the work. Within its walls, the town contains barracks and other military buildings as well as churches and monasteries. While Elvas contains remains dating back to the 10th century A.D., its fortification began when Portugal regained independence in 1640. The fortifications designed by Dutch Jesuit Padre João Piscásio Cosmander represent the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications anywhere. The site also contains the Amoreira Aqueduct, built to enable the stronghold to withstand lengthy sieges.
Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius		Serbia !Eastern Serbia, صربيا 43°53′57.5″N 22°11′10″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)	179 (440); buffer zone 545 (1,350)	2007	The Late Roman fortified palace compound and memorial complex of Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius, in the east of Serbia, was commissioned by Emperor Caius Valerius Galerius Maximianus, in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. It was known as Felix Romuliana, named after the emperor’s mother. The site consists of fortifications, the palace in the north-western part of the complex, basilicas, temples, hot baths, memorial complex, and a tetrapylon. The group of buildings is also unique in its intertwining of ceremonial and memorial functions.
جنوة: الطريق الجديد ونظام Palazzi dei Rolli		Italy !Province of Genoa, ليگوريا, إيطاليا 44°24′44″N 8°55′52″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	16 (40); buffer zone 113 (280)	2006
Hal Saflieni Hypogeum		Malta !Paola, Malta Island, مالطا 35°52′17″N 14°30′26.6″E	ثقافي: (iii)	—	1980
Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija		ZZZ !سلوڤنيا; إسپانيا 38°46′31″N 4°50′20″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	104 (260)	2012
المجمع التاريخي في سپليت مع قصر ديوكلتيان		Croatia !Split-Dalmatia County, كرواتيا 43°30′34″N 16°26′36″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)	21 (52)	1979	The palace was built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD, and later served as the basis of the city of Split. A cathedral was built in the Middle Ages inside the ancient mausoleum, along with churches, fortifications, Gothic and Renaissance palaces. The Baroque style makes up the rest of the area.
Historic Centre of Cordoba		Spain !Province of Córdoba, Andalusia, إسپانيا 37°52′45″N 4°46′47″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	—	1984	The original listing was the Great Mosque of Córdoba, a 7th-century mosque converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral in the 13th century by Ferdinand III. During the high period of the Moorish rule of the region, Córdoba had over 300 mosques and architecture that compared to that of القسطنطينية، دمشق، وبغداد.
Historic Centre of Évora		Portugal !Évora Municipality, Alentejo, الپرتغال 38°24′23″N 7°54′28″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	—	1986
Historic Centre of Florence		Italy !City and Province of Florence, Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°46′23″N 11°15′22″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	505 (1,250)	1982
Historic Centre of Guimarães		Portugal !Braga District, Minho Province, الپرتغال 41°26′27″N 8°17′41″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)	16 (40); buffer zone 45 (110)	2001
Historic Centre of Naples		Italy !City and Province of Naples, Campania, إيطاليا 40°51′5″N 14°15′46″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	—	1995
Historic Centre of Oporto		Portugal !Norte, الپرتغال 41°8′30″N 8°37′0″W	ثقافي: (iv)	—	1996
Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura		ZZZ !الكرسي الرسولي; Rome, Lazio, إيطاليا 41°53′25″N 12°29′32″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	1,485 (3,670)	1980
Historic Centre of San Gimignano		Italy !San Gimignano, Province of Siena, Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°28′5″N 11°2′30″E	ثقافي: (i)(iii)(iv)	14 (35)	1990
Historic Centre of Siena		Italy !City and Province of Siena, Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°19′7″N 11°19′54″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	170 (420); buffer zone 9,907 (24,480)	1995
Historic Centre of the City of Pienza		Italy !Pienza, Province of Siena, Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°4′37″N 11°40′43″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	4.41 (10.9)	1996
Historic Centre of Urbino		Italy !Province of Pesaro, Marche, إيطاليا 43°43′30″N 12°38′0″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	29 (72); buffer zone 3,609 (8,920)	1998
Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra		Albania !Berat and Gjirokastër, ألبانيا 40°4′10″N 20°8′0″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)	59 (150); buffer zone 136 (340)	2005
Historic City of Toledo		Spain !Province of Toledo, Castile–La Mancha, إسپانيا 39°52′1″N 4°1′46″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(vi)	—	1986	Toledo was founded by the Romans, served as the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, was important in Muslim Spain and during the Reconquista, and briefly served as the capital of Spain. The city combines Christian, Muslim, and Jewish influences.
Historic City of Trogir		Croatia !Split-Dalmatia County, كرواتيا 43°30′45″N 16°15′6″E	ثقافي: (ii)(v)	6.40 (15.8); buffer zone 4.80 (11.9)	2008	Trogir's rich culture was created under the influence of old Greeks, Romans, and Venetians. It is the best-preserved Romanesque-Gothic complex not only in the Adriatic, but in all of Central Europe. Trogir's medieval core, surrounded by walls, comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Historic Walled Town of Cuenca		Spain !Province of Cuenca, Castile–La Mancha, إسپانيا 40°4′36″N 2°7′54″W	ثقافي: (ii)(v)	—	1996	The Moors built the fortified city in the early 8th century, and it was captured by the Christians in the 12th century. The cathedral is the first Gothic example in Spain. The town is also famous for its casas colgados, houses that hang over the edge of a cliff.
Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture		Spain !Balearic Islands, إسپانيا 38°54′40″N 1°26′7″E	Mixed: (ii)(iii)(iv)(ix)(x)	8,564 (21,160)	1999	The coast of Ibiza is home to posidonia oceanica, a seagrass only found in the Mediterranean that supports a diverse coastal and marine ecosystem. The island also contains numerous Phoenician ruins, and the fortified and walled older portions of the city date to the 16th century.
Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands)		Italy !Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, إيطاليا 38°29′16″N 14°56′44″E	Natural: (viii)	1,216 (3,000)	2000
La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia		Spain !Valencia, Province of Valencia, Valencian Community, إسپانيا 39°28′28″N 0°22′42″W	ثقافي: (i)(iv)	—	1996	La Lonja (or Llotja in Valencian language) de la Seda means Silk Exchange in English, and the group of Gothic buildings demonstrate the wealth of Valencia as an important Mediterranean and European mercantile city in the period.
Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture		Portugal !Azores, الپرتغال 38°30′48″N 28°32′28″W	ثقافي: (iii)(v)	190 (470); buffer zone 2,445 (6,040)	2004
Las Médulas		Spain !Province of León, Castile and León, إسپانيا 42°28′10″N 6°46′15″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	—	1997	The Romans established a gold mine and worked the site for two centuries. They used an early form of hydraulic mining and cut aqueducts in the rock cliffs to provide water for the operations. The Romans left in the early 3rd century, leaving sheer cliff faces and mining infrastructure that is intact today.
Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily)		Italy !Provinces of Catania, Ragusa and Syracuse, Sicily, إيطاليا 36°53′35.5″N 15°4′8″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)	113 (280); buffer zone 306 (760)	2002
Longobards in Italy. Places of the power (568-774 A.D.)		Italy !إيطاليا 46°5′39″N 13°25′59″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(vi)	14 (35); buffer zone 306 (760)	2011	The site includes seven Longobards towns: Brescia, Cividale del Friuli, Castelseprio, Spoleto, Campello sul Clitunno, Benevento and Monte Sant'Angelo.
Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley		Andorra !Encamp, Andorra la Vella, Sant Julià de Lòria, Escaldes-Engordany, أندورا 42°29′41″N 1°35′44″E	ثقافي: (v)	—	2004
Mantua and Sabbioneta		Italy !إيطاليا 45°9′34″N 10°47′40″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)	235 (580); buffer zone 2,330 (5,800)	2008
Medieval City of Rhodes		Greece !Rhodes, South Aegean, اليونان 36°26′50″N 28°13′40″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(v)	66 (160)	1988
Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany		Italy !Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°51′28″N 11°18′15″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	125 (310); buffer zone 3,539 (8,750)	2013
Medieval Monuments in Kosovo		Kosovo, officially listed as Serbia !Autonomous Province of Kosovo, صربيا 42°39′40″N 20°15′56″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)	2.88 (7.1); buffer zone 115 (280)	2004	The four edifices of the site reflect the high points of the Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical culture, with its distinct style of wall painting, which developed in the Balkans between the 13th and 17th centuries. The Dečani Monastery was built in the mid-14th century for the Serbian king Stefan Dečanski and is also his mausoleum. The Patriarchate of Peć Monastery is a group of four domed churches featuring series of wall paintings. The 13th-century frescoes of the Church of Holy Apostles are painted in a unique, monumental style. Early 14th-century frescoes in the church of the Holy Virgin of Ljevisa represent the appearance of the new so-called Palaiologian Renaissance style, combining the influences of the eastern Orthodox Byzantine and the Western Romanesque traditions. The style played a decisive role in subsequent Balkan art. The site has been listed as endangered since 2006 due to a lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security.
Megalithic Temples of Malta		Malta !Gozo and Malta Island, مالطا 36°2′57″N 14°16′10″E	ثقافي: (iv)	—	1980
Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad		Bosnia and Herzegovina !Republika Srpska, البوسنة والهرسك 43°46′53″N 19°17′17″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	1.50 (3.7); buffer zone 12 (30)	2007
Meteora		Greece !Trikala, Thessaly, اليونان 39°43′0″N 21°38′0″E	Mixed: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)(vii)	272 (670); buffer zone 1,884 (4,660)	1988
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios		Greece !Attica, Central Greece and North Aegean, اليونان 38°24′0″N 22°45′0″E	ثقافي: (i)(iv)	3.70 (9.1); buffer zone 5,816 (14,370)	1990
Monastery and Site of the Escurial, Madrid		Spain !San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Community of Madrid, إسپانيا 40°34′54″N 4°7′35″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(vi)	—	1984	El Escorial is one of several Spanish royal sites due to its history as a residence of the royal family. The palace was designed by King Philip II and architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to serve as a monument to Spain's central role in the Christian world.
Monastery of Alcobaça		Portugal !Alcobaça, Leiria District, الپرتغال 39°33′0″N 8°58′36″W	ثقافي: (i)(iv)	—	1989
Monastery of Batalha		Portugal !Batalha, Leiria District, الپرتغال 39°39′28″N 8°49′37″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)	0.98 (2.4); buffer zone 86 (210)	1983
Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon		Portugal !Lisbon, الپرتغال 38°41′31″N 9°12′57″W	ثقافي: (iii)(vi)	2.66 (6.6); buffer zone 103 (250)	1983
Monte San Giorgio		ZZZ !إيطاليا; سويسرا 45°53′20″N 8°54′50″E	Natural: (viii)	1,089 (2,690); buffer zone 3,207 (7,920)	2003
Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias		Spain !Asturias, إسپانيا 43°21′45″N 5°50′35″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	—	1985	The Kingdom of Asturias remained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9th century. It developed its own style of Pre-Romanesque art and architecture that is displayed in various churches and other monuments. The original entry titled "Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias" and was extended to include other monuments such as La Foncalada.
Mount Athos		Greece !Autonomous region of Mount Athos, اليونان 40°16′0″N 24°13′0″E	Mixed: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)	33,042 (81,650)	1988
Mount Etna		Italy !Sicily, إيطاليا 37°45′22″N 14°59′48″E	Natural: (viii)	19,237 (47,540)	2013
Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon		Spain !Teruel and Zaragoza Provinces, Aragon, إسپانيا 40°20′38″N 1°6′26″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	—	1986	The original listing contained four churches in Teruel in the Mudéjar style, a blending of traditional Islamic and contemporary European styles. In 2001, the listing was expanded to include an additional six monuments.
Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region		Macedonia !Ohrid Municipality, مقدونيا 41°7′5″N 20°48′48″E	Mixed: (i)(iii)(iv)(vii)	83,350 (206,000)	1979
Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor		Montenegro !Bay of Kotor, Kotor and surrounding territory, الجبل الأسود 42°29′0″N 18°42′0″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)	—	1979	The site had been listed as endangered 1979–2003 following the damage due to an earthquake from April 15, 1979.
Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar		Bosnia and Herzegovina !Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, البوسنة والهرسك 43°20′53″N 17°48′39″E	ثقافي: (vi)	—	2005
Old City of Dubrovnik		Croatia !Dubrovnik-Neretva County, كرواتيا 42°39′2″N 18°5′29″E	ثقافي: (i)(iii)(iv)	97 (240); buffer zone 54 (130)	1979	Dubrovnik became a prosperous Maritime republic during the Middle Ages, it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a remarkable level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries. The site had been listed as World Heritage in Danger 1991–1998 due to the Croatian War of Independence.
Old City of Salamanca		Spain !Province of Salamanca, Castile and León, إسپانيا 40°57′55″N 5°39′52″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	—	1988	Salamanca is important as a university city, as the University of Salamanca, founded in 1218, is the oldest in Spain and among the oldest in Europe. The city was first conquered by the Carthaginians in the 3rd century, and later ruled by the Romans and Moors. The city centre represents Romanesque, Gothic, Moorish, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture.
Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches		Spain !Province of Ávila, Castile and León, إسپانيا 40°39′23″N 4°42′0″W	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)	—	1985	The defensive wall surrounding the original town was constructed in the 11th century. It features 82 semicircular towers and 9 gates, and is one of the most complete examples of town walls in Spain.
Old Town of Cáceres		Spain !Province of Cáceres, Extremadura, إسپانيا 39°28′28″N 6°22′12″W	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)	—	1986	The old town combines Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic, and Italian Renaissance architectural influences, including more than 30 Islamic towers.
Old Town of Corfu		Greece !Corfu, Ionian Islands, اليونان 39°37′26″N 19°55′39″E	ثقافي: (iv)	70 (170); buffer zone 162 (400)	2007
Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct		Spain !Province of Segovia, Castile and León, إسپانيا 40°56′54.5″N 4°7′9″W	ثقافي: (i)(iii)(iv)	—	1985	The Roman aqueduct was constructed in the 1st century, the medieval Alcázar palace in the 11th century, and the cathedral in the 16th.
Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona		Spain !Province of Barcelona, Catalonia, إسپانيا 41°23′16″N 2°10′30″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	—	1997	Both buildings were constructed in the early 20th century and designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner in the modernist Art Nouveau movement that was very popular in Barcelona in that period. The two buildings are Montaner's most famous works.
Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika		Greece !Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, اليونان 40°38′18″N 22°57′54″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	5.33 (13.2)	1988
Palmeral of Elche		Spain !Province of Alicante, Valencian Community, إسپانيا 38°16′0″N 0°43′0″E	ثقافي: (ii)(v)	—	2000	The grove of date palm trees was formally laid out with irrigation systems under the Moors in the 10th century. The palmeral is a rare example of Arab agricultural practices in Europe.
Piazza del Duomo, Pisa		Italy !City and Province of Pisa, Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°43′23″N 10°23′47″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi)	8.87 (21.9); buffer zone 254 (630)	1987
Plitvice Lakes National Park		Croatia !Lika-Senj County, كرواتيا 44°52′40″N 15°36′52″E	Natural: (vii)(viii)(ix)	19,200 (47,000)	1979	Over time, water has flown over the natural limestone and chalk, creating natural dams which in turn have created a series of connecting lakes, waterfalls, and caves. The nearby forests are home to bears, wolves and many rare bird species. The site had been listed as endangered 1992–1997 due to the potential threat from the Croatian War of Independence.
Poblet Monastery		Spain !Vimbodí i Poblet, Province of Tarragona, Catalonia, إسپانيا 41°22′51″N 1°4′57″E	ثقافي: (i)(iv)	—	1991	The monastery was founded by the Cistercians in 1151 and is one of the largest in Spain. It is associated with various royal families in medieval Spain, particularly the kings of Aragon. It is the burial place of Aragon monarchs Alfonso II, John I, John II, James I, Ferdinana I, and Peter IV.
Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)		Italy !Province of La Spezia, Liguria, إيطاليا 44°6′25″N 9°43′45″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(v)	4,689 (11,590)	1997
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps		ZZZ !النمسا; فرنسا; ألمانيا; إيطاليا; سلوڤنيا; سويسرا 47°16′42″N 8°12′27″E	ثقافي: (iv)(v)	274 (680); buffer zone 3,961 (9,790)	2011
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde		ZZZ !الپرتغال; إسپانيا 40°41′51″N 6°39′40″W	ثقافي: (i)(iii)	—	1998	The original 1998 listing contained examples of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in the Côa Valley of Portugal. In 2010 it was extended to include 645 engravings in the archaeological zone of Siega Verde in Spain. The two sites represent the most well-preserved collection of open-air Palaolithic art in the Iberian peninsula.
Pyrénées - Mont Perdu		ZZZ !Gèdre, Hautes-Pyrénées, Midi-Pyrénées, فرنسا; Communes of Torla, Fanlo, Tella-Sin, Puértolas and Bielsa in Province of Huesca, Aragon, إسپانيا 42°41′N 0°0′E	Mixed: (iii)(iv)(v)(vii)(viii)	30,639 (75,710)	1997	The site contains the Pyrenees mountain chain along the French-Spanish border. The Spanish portion contains two of the largest canyons in Europe, while the French side contains three large cirque walls
Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos		Greece !Samos, North Aegean, اليونان 37°41′27″N 26°56′36″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)	668 (1,650); buffer zone 402 (990)	1992
Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza		Spain !Province of Jaen, Andalusia, إسپانيا 38°0′41″N 3°22′16″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	9.00 (22.2); buffer zone 176 (430)	2003	Renovations of the two towns in the 16th century were done under the emerging Renaissance style and are among the first examples of the style in Spain.
Residences of the Royal House of Savoy		Italy !Province of Torino, Piedmont, إيطاليا 45°4′21″N 7°41′8.6″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)	371 (920); buffer zone 6,931 (17,130)	1997
Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes		ZZZ !إيطاليا; سويسرا 46°29′54″N 9°50′47″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	152 (380); buffer zone 109,386 (270,300)	2008
Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula		Spain !Andalusia, Aragon, Castile–La Mancha, Catalonia, Murcia and Valencia, إسپانيا 39°47′24″N 1°2′0″W	ثقافي: (iii)	—	1998	The site includes over 750 examples of rock art from the late prehistoric period, which feature images ranging from geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals.
Rock Drawings in Valcamonica		Italy !Province of Brescia, Lombardy, إيطاليا 45°57′25″N 10°17′50″E	ثقافي: (iii)(vi)	432 (1,070); buffer zone 1,018 (2,520)	1979
Roman Walls of Lugo		Spain !Province of Lugo, Galicia, إسپانيا 43°0′40″N 7°33′12″W	ثقافي: (iv)	—	2000	The walls built to protect the Roman town of Lucus in the 3rd century remain entirely intact and are the best remaining example in Western Europe.
Route of Santiago de Compostela		Spain !Aragon, Navarre, La Rioja, Castile and León and Galicia, إسپانيا 42°27′33″N 5°53′0″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	—	1993	The Route, or the Way of St. James, is a pilgrimage from the French-Spanish border to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, where the apostle James is believed to be buried.
Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe		Spain !Guadalupe, Province of Cáceres, Extremadura, إسپانيا 39°27′10″N 5°19′39″W	ثقافي: (iv)(vi)	—	1993	The monastery is home of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a shrine to Mary found in the 13th century after being buried from Muslim invaders in 714. The Virgin of Guadalupe and the monastery served as important symbols during the Reconquista, culminating in 1492, the same year as Columbus' discovery of America. The Guadalupe Virgin became an important symbol during the evangelization of America.
Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy		Italy !Lombardy, Piedmont, إيطاليا 45°58′28″N 9°10′10″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)	91 (220); buffer zone 722 (1,780)	2003
Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus		Greece !Argolis, Peloponnese, اليونان 37°40′0″N 23°7′0″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	1,394 (3,440); buffer zone 3,386 (8,370)	1988
San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano		San Marino !سان مارينو 43°55′58″N 12°27′7″E	ثقافي: (iii)	55 (140); buffer zone 167 (410)	2008
San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries		Spain !San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja, إسپانيا 42°19′33″N 2°51′54″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	19 (47); buffer zone 266 (660)	1997	The original Suso monastery was founded in the mid-6th century, and is the location where the Glosas Emilianenses were written. The codixes are considered the first written examples of the Spanish and Basque languages, and the monastery is considered the birthplace of written and spoken Spanish. The newer Yuso monastery was built in the 16th century.
Santiago de Compostela (Old Town)		Spain !Province of A Coruña, Galicia, إسپانيا 42°52′51″N 8°32′41″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(vi)	—	1985	The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is the reputed burial-place of the apostle James, and is the terminus of the Way of St. James, a pilgrimage across northern Spain. The town was destroyed by Muslims in the 10th century and rebuilt during the following century.
Škocjan Caves		Slovenia !Škocjan pri Divaci, Matavun and Betanja in Divača and Sežana communes, Obalno-kraška statistical region, سلوڤنيا 45°40′0″N 14°0′0″E	Natural: (vii)(viii)	413 (1,020)	1986
Stari Grad Plain		Croatia !Split-Dalmatia County, كرواتيا 43°10′54″N 16°38′19″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(v)	1,377 (3,400); buffer zone 6,403 (15,820)	2008	The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape that was set up by the ancient Greek colonists in the 4th century BC, and remains in use today. The plain is generally still in its original form. The ancient layout has been preserved by careful maintenance of the stone walls over 24 centuries.
Stari Ras and Sopoćani		Serbia !near Novi Pazar, Raška District, صربيا 43°7′8″N 20°25′22″E	ثقافي: (i)(iii)	199 (490); buffer zone 9,936 (24,550)	1979	On the outskirts of Stari Ras, the first capital of Serbia, there is an impressive group of medieval monuments consisting of fortresses, churches and monasteries. The monastery at Sopoćani is a reminder of the contacts between Western civilization and the Byzantine world.
Studenica Monastery		Serbia !Kraljevo, Raška District, صربيا 43°29′10″N 20°32′12″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi)	1.16 (2.9); buffer zone 269 (660)	1986	The Studenica Monastery was established in the late 12th century by Stefan Nemanja, founder of the medieval Serb state, shortly after his abdication. It is the largest and richest of Serbia’s Orthodox monasteries. Its two principal monuments, the Church of the Virgin and the Church of the King, both built of white marble, enshrine priceless collections of 13th- and 14th-century Byzantine painting.
Su Nuraxi di Barumini		Italy !Barumini, Province of Medio Campidano, Sardinia, إيطاليا 39°42′21″N 8°59′29″E	ثقافي: (i)(iii)(iv)	2.33 (5.8); buffer zone 3.92 (9.7)	1997
Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica		Italy !City and Province of Syracuse, Sicily, إيطاليا 37°3′34″N 15°17′35″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	—	2005
Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae		Greece !Messenia, Arcadia and Elis, Western Peloponnese, اليونان 37°26′6″N 21°53′49″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)	20 (49); buffer zone 202 (500)	1986
The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik		Croatia !Šibenik, Šibenik-Knin County, كرواتيا 43°44′10.6″N 15°53′25.4″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	0.10 (0.25)	2000	The cathedral is a triple-nave basilica with three apses and a dome (32 m high inside) and is also one of the most important architectural monument of the Renaissance in the eastern Adriatic.
The Dolomites		Italy !إيطاليا 46°36′47″N 12°9′47″E	Natural: (vii)(viii)	141,903 (350,650); buffer zone 89,267 (220,580)	2009
The Historic Centre (Chorá) with the Monastery of Saint-John the Theologian and the Cave of the Apocalypse		Greece !Patmos, Dodecanese, South Aegean, اليونان 37°18′0″N 26°33′0″E	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	—	1999
The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera		Italy !City and Province of Matera, Basilicata, إيطاليا 40°39′59″N 16°36′37″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)(v)	1,016 (2,510); buffer zone 4,365 (10,790)	1993
The Trulli of Alberobello		Italy !Province of Bari, Puglia, إيطاليا 40°46′57″N 17°14′13″E	ثقافي: (iii)(iv)(v)	11 (27)	1996
Tower of Hercules		Spain !A Coruña, Galicia, إسپانيا 43°23′9″N 8°24′23″W	ثقافي: (iii)	233 (580); buffer zone 1,936 (4,780)	2009	The Romans built this 55 metres (180 ft) lighthouse on a 57 metres (187 ft) rock to mark the entrance to the A Coruña harbor. It is the only fully preserved and functioning Roman lighthouse.
University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares		Spain !Community of Madrid, إسپانيا 40°28′53″N 3°22′5″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	—	1998	Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1499 and is the first example of the planned university city, serving as a model to other European universities and Spanish missionaries in America. The city is the birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes, known for his contributions to the Spanish language and Western literature.
University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia		Portugal !Coimbra, الپرتغال 40°12′28″N 8°25′32.79″W	ثقافي: (ii)(iv)(vi)	36 (89); buffer zone 82 (200)	2013
Val d'Orcia		Italy !Province of Siena, Tuscany, إيطاليا 43°4′N 11°33′E	ثقافي: (iv)(vi)	61,188 (151,200); buffer zone 5,660 (14,000)	2004
Vatican City		Vatican !الكرسي الرسولي 41°54′8″N 12°27′26.5″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi)	—	1984
Venice and its Lagoon		Italy !Province of Venezia, Veneto, إيطاليا 45°26′3.5″N 12°20′20″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)	—	1987
Villa Adriana (Tivoli)		Italy !Tivoli, Province of Rome, Lazio, إيطاليا 41°56′39″N 12°46′19″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)	80 (200); buffer zone 500 (1,200)	1999
Villa d'Este, Tivoli		Italy !Tivoli, Province of Rome, Lazio, إيطاليا 41°57′50″N 12°47′46.5″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)	4.50 (11.1); buffer zone 7.00 (17.3)	2001
Villa Romana del Casale		Italy !Piazza Armerina, Province of Enna, Sicily, إيطاليا 37°21′58″N 14°20′3″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iii)	8.92 (22.0); buffer zone 10 (25)	1997
Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato		Italy !Langhe and Montferrat, Piedmont, إيطاليا 44°36′31″N 7°57′49″E	ثقافي: (iii)(v)	10,789 (26,660); buffer zone 76,249 (188,420)	2014	The site covers five wine growing areas as well as Cavour Castle. Wine making has existed in Piedmont since at least the Roman era and has continued since then. The region was also an important trading place between the Etruscans and the Celts and traces of their words still appear in the local dialect.
Vizcaya Bridge		Spain !Biscay, Basque Country, إسپانيا 43°19′23.4″N 3°1′0.6″W	ثقافي: (i)(ii)	0.86 (2.1); buffer zone 12 (30)	2006	The bridge was designed by Alberto Palacio to cross the Nervion without disrupting maritime traffic to the Port of Bilbao. It was built in 1893 and is the world's first transporter bridge.
أعمال أنتوني گاودي		Spain !إسپانيا 41°24′48″N 2°9′11″E	ثقافي: (i)(ii)(iv)	—	1984	The architecture of Antoni Gaudí is part of the Modernist style, but his designs are described as highly unique. The original listing featured Park Güell, Palau Güell, and Casa Milà; the 2005 extension added Casa Vicens, the crypt and nativity façade of Sagrada Família, Casa Batlló, and the crypt at Colònia Güell.

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 References

General

• "World Heritage Committee: Sixteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
• "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-first session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
• "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-seventh session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
• "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-ninth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
• "World Heritage Committee: Thirtieth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.

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