علاقات هايتي والبنك الدولي

تتناول هذه المقالة علاقات هايتي والبنك الدولي. تهدف شراكة مجموعة البنك الدولي إلى دعم جهود هايتي من أجل تخفيف حدة الفقر وتوفير الفرص الاقتصادية لجميع الهايتيين. يهدف إطار عمل البنك الدولي في هذا الصدد إلى تعزيز المؤسسات، قدرة الحكوةم، والادارة المالية العامة وتقديم المساعدات والتمويل بشروط ميسرة.[1]


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خلفية

In September 1953, Haiti became a nation member of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the first of five member institutions of the World Bank Group.[2] Despite its urgent need for humanitarian aid as the poorest country in the Western hemisphere, Haiti's political instability under a series of dictatorial regimes limited its access to international aid and development programs. Due to poor governance, the country was considered a risky recipient of foreign assistance.[3] This resulted in little improvement and the country remained dysfunctional and impoverished despite billions in foreign aid over decades.[3][4]


الإعفاء من الديون والتمويلات

The World Bank Group’s involvement in Haiti has focused on reconstruction and development. The country has suffered deterioration from Western slavery and imperialism, ceaseless civil unrest, decades of the extreme poverty, and devastation from a series of natural disasters.[5][6] Following its satisfaction for the requirements of domestic, economic, and social reforms, Haiti was granted a total of US $1.2 billion in 2009 by reaching the finishing point under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) debt relief initiative approved by the Boards of the International Development Association (IDA) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).[7] In response to the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, the IDA waived the country's remaining US $36 million debt in May, and the World Bank made US $479 million available for Haiti's recovery from the earthquake and development through June 2016.[8][9]

إطار الشراكة والمشروعات

In September 2015, the World Bank Board of Executive Directors endorsed the New Country Partnership Strategy in Haiti. The Country Partnership Framework is collectively set by the Haitian Government and branches of the World Bank Group including the International Development Association (IDA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).[5][9] The World Bank in Haiti focuses on projects to increase government capacity by enhancing energy accessibility and developing a renewable energy infrastructure that facilitates the country's economic opportunity, strengthening human capital through improvement in education, welfare and health services, and improving climate resilience and disaster response capacity.[5] As of April 2017, the World Bank’s portfolio in Haiti comprised 13 ongoing projects with a net commitment of US $637.8 million.[10]

[11]

المشروعات الأخيرة

The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has focused Haiti’s flagship private sector projects. The IFC committed a portfolio of US $122 million in Haiti through the Country Partnership Framework in 2015. Sylvain Kakou, the IFC Country Head in Haiti, said the IFC has become the largest provider of foreign direct investment in Haiti for the private sector to foster economic growth.[12] This support facilitated the resumption of business after the earthquake and provided packages of loans for private sector clients including the independent power producer, two banks, a micro-credit institution, mining exploration, a hotel and an industrial park.[13] The IFC has supported many of Haiti’s private sector projects with its portfolio of investments amounting to the US $32.7 million in 7 transactions.

المصادر

The team was led by Raju Jan Singh (Program Leader, LCC8C). The work was carried out jointly with the IFC (Sylvain Kakou) and MIGA (Petal Hacket) under the overall guidance of Mary Barton-Dock (Special Envoy for Haiti, LCC8C) and Jun Zhang (Senior Regional Manager for the Caribbean, IFC).

  1. ^ "Haiti Overview". www.worldbank.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  2. ^ "Member Countries". www.worldbank.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  3. ^ أ ب Buss, Terry F. "Why Foreign Aid to Haiti Failed" (PDF). napawash.org (PDF). {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  4. ^ Bennett-Jones, Owen (2015-08-07). "Has the international community failed Haiti?". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  5. ^ أ ب ت "Haiti Overview". www.worldbank.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  6. ^ "Haiti Projects & Programs". www.worldbank.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  7. ^ "Press Release: IMF and World Bank Approve US". www.imf.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  8. ^ http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2010/05/28/world-bank-announces-total-cancellation-of-haitis-debt
  9. ^ أ ب Staff, By the CNN Wire. "World Bank cancels Haiti's debt - CNN.com" (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "Haiti Projects & Programs". www.worldbank.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  11. ^ (PDF) http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/673911467986337757/pdf/98132-CPS-IDA-R2015-0243-IFC-R2015-0256-MIGA-R2015-0076-Box393199B-OUO-9.pdf. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ "World Bank Group Launches New Country Partnership Strategy in Haiti". World Bank (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  13. ^ "Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Haiti for the Period FY16-FY19" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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