سانتياجو دى كومبوستلا

Coordinates: 42°52′40″N 8°32′40″W / 42.87778°N 8.54444°W / 42.87778; -8.54444
Santiago de Compostela
City and Municipality
From the top: Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Praza das Praterías, Alameda Park, City of Culture of Galicia, Monastery of San Martiño Pinario, Pazo de Raxoi
From the top: Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Praza das Praterías, Alameda Park, City of Culture of Galicia, Monastery of San Martiño Pinario, Pazo de Raxoi
علم Santiago de Compostela
Flag
Escudo de Santiago de Compostela.svg
Coat of arms
Location of the municipality of Santiago de Compostela within Galicia
Location of the municipality of Santiago de Compostela within Galicia
Santiago de Compostela is located in Province of A Coruña
Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela
Location of Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela is located in اسبانيا
Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela (اسبانيا)
الإحداثيات: 42°52′40″N 8°32′40″W / 42.87778°N 8.54444°W / 42.87778; -8.54444
Country إسپانيا
Autonomous Community جليقية
ProvinceA Coruña
Parishes
الحكومة
 • النوعMayor–council
 • الكيانCouncil of Santiago
 • MayorXosé Sánchez (PSOE)
المساحة
 • City and Municipality220 كم² (80 ميل²)
المنسوب
260 m (850 ft)
التعداد
 (2020)[1]
 • City and Municipality97٬849
 • الكثافة440/km2 (1٬200/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
183٬855
صفة المواطنSantiagan
santiagués, -guesa  (gl / es)
compostelán, -á  (gl)
compostelano, -na  (es)
منطقة التوقيتCET (GMT +1)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)CEST (GMT +2)
مفتاح الهاتف+34
الموقع الإلكترونيsantiagodecompostela.gal
Click on the map for a fullscreen view

سانتياگو ده كومپوستلا (إسپانية: Santiago de Compostela [أ]؛ بالعربية: شنت ياقب) أو كومبوستلا هي عاصمة منطقة الحكم الذاتي جليقية، اسبانيا. The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great, now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, as the destination of the Way of St. James, a leading Catholic pilgrimage route since the 9th century.[3] In 1985, the city's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Santiago de Compostela has a very mild climate for its latitude with heavy winter rainfall courtesy of its relative proximity to the prevailing winds from Atlantic low-pressure systems.

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المدينة

البلدة القديمة في سانتياجو أعلنتها اليونسكو موقع تراث عالمي
انظر أيضاً: كاتدرائية سانتياجو دى كومبوستلا

According to a medieval legend, the remains of the apostle James, son of Zebedee were brought to Galicia for burial, where they were lost. Eight hundred years later the light of a bright star guided a shepherd, Pelagius the Hermit, who was watching his flock at night to the burial site in Santiago de Compostela.[4] This site was originally called Mount Libredon (gl) and its physical topography leads prevalent seaborne winds to clear the cloud deck immediately overhead.[5] The shepherd quickly reported his discovery to the bishop of Iria, Theodemir.[4] The bishop declared that the remains were those of the apostle James and immediately notified King Alfonso II in Oviedo.[4] To honour St. James, the cathedral was built on the spot where his remains were said to have been found. The legend, which included numerous miraculous events, enabled the Catholic faithful to bolster support for their stronghold in northern Spain during the Christian crusades against the Moors, but also led to the growth and development of the city.[4]

Along the western side of the Praza do Obradoiro is the elegant 18th-century Pazo de Raxoi, now the city hall. Across the square is the Pazo de Raxoi (Raxoi's Palace), the town hall, and on the right from the cathedral steps is the Hostal dos Reis Católicos, founded in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon, as a pilgrims' hospice (now a Parador). The Obradoiro façade of the cathedral, the best known, is depicted on the Spanish euro coins of 1 cent, 2 cents, and 5 cents (€0.01, €0.02, and €0.05).

Santiago is the site of the University of Santiago de Compostela, established in the early 16th century. The main campus can be seen best from an alcove in the large municipal park in the centre of the city.

Within the old town there are many narrow winding streets full of historic buildings. The new town all around it has less character though some of the older parts of the new town have some big flats in them.

Santiago de Compostela has a substantial nightlife. Both in the new town (a zona nova in Galician, la zona nueva in Spanish or ensanche) and the old town (جليقية: [a zona vella] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help), إسپانية: la zona vieja, trade-branded as zona monumental), a mix of middle-aged residents and younger students maintain a lively presence until the early hours of the morning. Radiating from the centre of the city, the historic cathedral is surrounded by paved granite streets, tucked away in the old town, and separated from the newer part of the city by the largest of many parks throughout the city, Parque da Alameda.

Santiago gives its name to one of the four military orders of Spain: Santiago, Calatrava, Alcántara and Montesa.

One of the most important economic centres in Galicia, Santiago is the seat for organisations like Association for Equal and Fair Trade Pangaea.


المناخ

Under the Köppen climate classification, Santiago de Compostela has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with mild to warm and somewhat dry summers and mild, wet winters. The prevailing winds from the Atlantic and the surrounding mountains combine to give Santiago some of Spain's highest rainfall: about 1,800 millimetres (70.9 in) annually. The winters are mild, despite being far inland and at an altitude of 370 metres (1,210 ft) frosts are only common in December, January and February, with an average of just 13 days per year. Snow is uncommon, with 2-3 snowy days per year.[6] Temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) are very exceptional.

Climate data for سانتياگو ده كومپوستلا (1931-1960)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		21.0
(69.8) 		24.7
(76.5) 		26.9
(80.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		33.6
(92.5) 		32.2
(90.0) 		29.7
(85.5) 		25.7
(78.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		15.9
(60.6) 		33.6
(92.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.9
(51.6) 		12.0
(53.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		16.5
(61.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.9
(75.0) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		14.2
(57.6) 		11.5
(52.7) 		17.3
(63.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7) 		4.1
(39.4) 		5.8
(42.4) 		6.5
(43.7) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		12.0
(53.6) 		9.6
(49.3) 		6.9
(44.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		8.2
(46.8)
Record low °C (°F) −1.3
(29.7) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		1.2
(34.2) 		2.3
(36.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		8.7
(47.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.6
(34.9) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−1.4
(29.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 214.0
(8.43) 		145.0
(5.71) 		188.0
(7.40) 		114.0
(4.49) 		106.0
(4.17) 		63.0
(2.48) 		37.0
(1.46) 		54.0
(2.13) 		90.0
(3.54) 		134.0
(5.28) 		197.0
(7.76) 		203.0
(7.99) 		1٬545
(60.83)
Source: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System[7]
In Compostela it rarely snows more than once or twice per year
Santiago de Compostela (Old Town)
Santiago de Compostela (Old Town)
The Obradoiro façade of the grand Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela: an all-but-Gothic composition generated entirely of classical details
أسس الاختيارCultural: i, ii, vi
المراجع347
Inscription1985 (9th Session)

التعداد

The population of the city in 2010 was 94,824 inhabitants, while the metropolitan area reaches 150,000.


التاريخ

knockers in the city's old quarter
Portico da Groria, old façade of the Romanesque cathedral, 12th century
Sepulcher of king Ferdinand II (ت. 1187), in the Royal Pantheon of the cathedral

وكانت غارات المسلمين عليها في عام 711 قد دفعت من لم يغلبوا من القوط، والسويفي Suevi، والبرابرة الذين اعتنقوا الدين المسيحي، والكلت من سكان شبه الجزيرة، دفعت هؤلاء إلى جبال الكنتبريان في الشمال الغربي من أسبانيا وطاردهم المسلمون في هذه الجبال ولكن قوة صغيرة بقيادة جوت بلايو Got Pelayo هزمتهم عند كوڤادونگا Covadonga (718)، ومن ثم نادى ذلك القائد بنفسه ملكاً على أستورياس، وأسس الملكية الأسبانية، واستطاع ألفونسو الأول (739-757) على أثر هزيمة المسلمين في تور أن يمد الحدود الأستورية إلى جليقية ولوزيتانيا وبسكايا Biscaya. وضم حفيده ألفونسو الثاني (791-842) ولاية ليون، واتخذ اوبييدو حاضرة لمملكته.

وفي عهد هذا الملك وقعت حادثة كانت من أهم الحوادث في تاريخ أسبانيا. ذلك أن أحد الرعاة سار بهداية نجم من النجوم- كما تقول الرواية- حتى وجد في الجبال تابوتاً من الرخام يعتقد الكثيرون أنه يحتوي على بقايا "الرسول يوحنا" أخي المسيح. وأقيم ضريح في المكان الذي وجد فيه التابوت، ثم شيدت في مكان هذا الضريح كتدرائية فخمة فيما بعد، وأضحى سنتياجو ده كمبوستلا - "يوحنا قديس ميدان النجم" كعبة يحج إليها المسيحيون لا يفوقها في قداستها إلا بيت المقدس وروما؛ وكان لهذه العظام أكبر الأثر في إثارة للروح المعنوية عند الأسبان، وجمع الأموال اللازمة لقتال المسلمين. وصار القديس يوحنا شفيع أسبانيا وحاميها. وذاع اسم سنتياجو في قارات ثلاث. وهكذا تصنع العقائد التاريخ وخاصة حين تكون هذه العقائد خاطئة، والأخطاء هي التي يموت من أجلها الناس أشرف ميتة.

Way of St. James

المقالة الرئيسية: Way of St. James
Way of St. James
A partial view of Santiago de Compostela, with the Pico Sagro in the background


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The establishment of the shrine

The Scallop Shell, emblem of St James, worn by pilgrims


Sister cities

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain

Santiago de Compostela is متوأمة مع:

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

الهامش
  1. ^ {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)
  2. ^ قالب:Dictionary.com
  3. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica (1823), p. 500.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث Stokstad, Marilyn (1978). Santiago de Compostela in the age of the great pilgrimages. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 6−8. ISBN 978-0806114545.
  5. ^ "THE WAY | Fundación Arousa. Foundation Arousa. Año Santo Compostelano. Año Jacobeo. Xacobeo 2021. The Route of the sea of Arousa and river Ulla".
  6. ^ "Santiago de Compostela Aeropuerto: Santiago de Compostela Aeropuerto - State Meteorological Agency - AEMET - Spanish Government".
  7. ^ "ESP LA CORUÑA - SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
  8. ^ Prefeitura.Sp - Descentralized Cooperation[dead link]
  9. ^ "International Relations - São Paulo City Hall - Official Sister Cities". Prefeitura.sp.gov.br. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  10. ^ Hispaniola was under the rule of the Dominican Order and Order of Alcántara, therefore, the name of Santiago as a city in the Dominican Republic could be applied later

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Municipalities in A Coruña
خطأ استشهاد: وسوم <ref> موجودة لمجموعة اسمها "lower-alpha"، ولكن لم يتم العثور على وسم <references group="lower-alpha"/>

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