زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت

Sahra Wagenknecht

MdB
Maischberger - 2023-02-08-6660.jpg
Wagenknecht in 2023
زعيمة
تحالف زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت
تولى المنصب
8 يناير 2024
الأمين العامChristian Leye
DeputyShervin Haghsheno
سبقهمنصب مستحدث
زعيمة تحالف زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت
في البوندستاگ
تولى المنصب
11 ديسمبر 2023
Whipجسيكا تاتي
Deputyكلاوس إرنست
سبقهمنصب مستحدث
زعيم المعارضة
في المنصب
12 October 2015 – 24 October 2017
سبقهGregor Gysi
زعيمة اليسار في البوندستاگ
في المنصب
12 أكتوبر 2015 – 12 نوفمبر 2019
ضابط النظاميان كورته
Deputyسڤيم داغدلن
كارن لاي
سبقهگريگور گيسي
خلـَفهأميرة محمد علي
الدوائر البرلمانية
نائب في البوندستاگ
عن North Rhine-Westphalia
تولى المنصب
27 أكتوبر 2009
سبقهدائرة متعددة النواب
الدائرة الانتخابيةقائمة اليسار
نائبة في البرلمان الأوروبي
عن ألمانيا
في المنصب
20 July 2004 – 14 July 2009
سبقهدائرة متعددة النواب
خلـَفهدائرة متعددة النواب
الدائرة الانتخابيةParty of Democratic Socialism List
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
Sarah Wagenknecht

16 يوليو 1969 (العمر 55 سنة)
ينا، Bezirk Gera, ألمانيا الشرقية (الآن تورنگيا, ألمانيا)
الحزبتحالف زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت (2023–)
ارتباطات
سياسية أخرى
الزوج
  • Ralph-Thomas Niemeyer
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1997; div. 2013)​
  • ​
    (m. 2014)​
الإقامةMerzig-Silwingen
التعليمجامعة خروننگن
TU Chemnitz
الوظيفة
  • Politician
  • publicist
  • author
الموقع الإلكترونيsahra-wagenknecht.de

زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت Sahra Wagenknecht (وُلِدت بإسم سارة ڤاگن‌كنشت Sarah Wagenknecht؛ de؛ 16 يوليو 1969) هي سياسية واقتصادية ومؤلفة وإعلامية ألمانية.[1] منذ 2009 تعمل نائبة في البوندستاگ، حيث كانت حتى 2023 تمثل حزب اليسار. ومنذ 2015 حتى 2019، فقد كانت الرئيس البرلماني المشارك للحزب. ومع فريق صغير من الحلفاء، غادرت الحزب في 23 أكتوبر 2023 لتؤسس حزبها في 2024، تحالف زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت، للتنافس في الانتخابات المقبلة.[2]

أصبحت ڤاگن‌كنشت عضواً بارزاً في حزب الاشتراكية الديمقراطية (PDS) منذ مطلع ع1990. وبعد تأسيس حزب اليسار، أصبحت زهرا عضواً قيادياً لأحد أكثر الفصائل يساريةً في الحزب كزعيمة البرنامج الشيوعي. وهي شخصية مثيرة للجدل طوال حياتها المهنية بسبب مواقفها المتشددة والشعبوية، وتصريحاتها حول ألمانيا الشرقية، والهجرة واللاجئين (التي ابتعدت عن المناهضة التقليدية للعنصرية)، وحركتها السياسية. Aufstehen.[3][4][5] منذ 2020 فصاعداً، غدت ڤاگن‌كنشت أقل نشاطاً في البرلمان، ولكنها أدلت بالكثير من المقابلات الإعلامية. وهي ليست عضواً في أي لجنة برلمانية.[6]

منذ 2021 فكرت علناً في تشكيل حزبها الخاص، بسبب الصراعات المتزايدة والمستمرة داخل حزب اليسار، وفي نهاية سبتمبر 2023 شكلت حزباً سياسياً بإسم تحالف زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت ، يشيع الإشارة إليه باختصاره BSW (Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht)، في مطلع 2024.

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الاسم الشخصي

وُلِدت زهرا Zahra وغيّرته إلى سارة Sarah ، ثم عادت لاسمها الأصلي زهرا Zahra في 2009.


النشأة

وُلِدت ڤاگن‌كنشت في مدينة ينا في ألمانيا الشرقية.[7] والدها إيراني ووالدتها، التي كانت تعمل في موزع حكومي للفن، هي ألمانية. والدها اختفى في إيران حين كانت طفلة. ونشأت في رعاية جديها حتى 1976، حين انتقلت مع والدتها إلى برلين الشرقية. While in Berlin, she became a member of the Free German Youth (FDJ). She completed her Abitur exams in 1988 and joined the (then ruling) Socialist Unity Party (SED) in early 1989.[8][9]

من 1990، درست ڤاگن‌كنشت الفلسفة والأدب الألماني الجديد as an undergraduate in Jena and Berlin, completing mandatory coursework, but did not write a thesis as she "could not find support for her research aims at the East Berlin Humboldt University". She then enrolled as a philosophy student at the University of Groningen, completing her studies and earning an MA in 1996 for a thesis on the young Karl Marx's interpretation of Hegel, supervised by Hans Heinz Holz and published as a book in 1997.[8][9] From 2005 until 2012 she completed a PhD dissertation at the chair of Microeconomics at TU Chemnitz, on "The Limits of Choice: Saving Decisions and Basic Needs in Developed Countries", awarded with the grade magna cum laude in the German system[10] and subsequently published by the Campus Verlag.[11]

السيرة السياسية

After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the transformation of the SED into the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), Wagenknecht was elected to the new party's National Committee in 1991. She also joined the PDS's Communist Platform, a Marxist-Leninist faction.[9]

In the 1998 German federal election, Wagenknecht ran as the PDS candidate in a district of Dortmund, garnering 3.25% of the vote. Following the 2004 European elections, she was elected as a PDS representative to the European Parliament. Among her duties in the parliament were serving on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Delegation, as well as the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly.[9][12]

Following the merger of the PDS and the WASG that formed the Left Party (Die Linke), Wagenknecht considered campaigning for the position of party vice-chair. However, party leaders such as Lothar Bisky and Gregor Gysi objected to the idea primarily because of her perceived sympathies for the former German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany). Following the controversy, she announced that she would not run for the post. Wagenknecht successfully contested a seat in the 2009 federal election in North Rhine-Westphalia.[13] She became the Left Party's spokesperson for economic politics in the Bundestag. On 15 May 2010, she was at last elected vice president of the Left Party with 75.3% of the vote.

Early in 2012, the German press reported that Wagenknecht was one of 27 Left Party Bundestag members whose writings and speeches were being collected and analyzed by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.[14]

She has been one of the main driving forces in the formation of Aufstehen, a left-wing political movement established in 2018, which exists outside of traditional political party structures and has been compared to the French movement La France Insoumise.[15] In March 2019, Wagenknecht announced her withdrawal from her leadership role within Aufstehen, citing personal workload pressures and insisting that after a successful start-up phase, for which political experience was necessary, the time had come for the movement's own grass roots to assume control. She complained that the involvement of political parties at its heart had "walled in" the movement. She would nonetheless continue to make public appearances on its behalf.[16][17]

Wagenknecht was elected co-leader of the Left's Bundestag group in 2015 alongside Dietmar Bartsch succeeding long-time leader Gregor Gysi. Wagenknecht won 78.4% of votes cast.[18] As the Left was at the time the largest opposition party in the Bundestag, she became a prominent leader of the opposition for the remainder of the parliamentary term. Bartsch and Wagenknecht were the Left's lead candidates for the 2017 federal election.[19]

The biography Sahra Wagenknecht. Die Biografie by de (Christian Schneider (cultural studies scholar)) was published in 2019 and focuses on Wagenknecht as a person, including her family background and interest in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.[20] In November 2019, she announced her resignation as parliamentary leader, citing burnout.[21] Her activities from 2017 to 2019, culminating with her resignation, are covered in the 2020 documentary film de (Wagenknecht (film)), directed by Sandra Kaudelka.[22]

Wagenknecht speaking at Leipzig in 2019

Wagenknecht was again nominated as the lead candidate on the party's North Rhine-Westphalia list in the 2021 federal election. She was re-elected, but described the results as a "bitter defeat" for her party.[23]

الانفصال عن دي لينكه

انظر أيضاً: تحالف زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت

Due to the growing conflicts within Die Linke, Wagenknecht considered forming her own party. There was speculation since 2021 that her faction and other like-minded groups within Die Linke, such as the Socialist Left or the Karl Liebknecht circles, would break off to form a separate party.[24][25] Policy-wise, the new party was expected to follow a left-nationalist strategy.

At the end of September, people from Wagenknecht's circle founded the association "BSW – For Reason and Justice e. V.". According to the news magazine Der Spiegel, the abbreviation in the club's name stands for "Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht" ("Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance"). The association is intended to serve as a precursor to a future party.[26][27]

In mid-October, over 50 members of Die Linke submitted an application for Wagenknecht's exclusion from the party. The initiators said they wanted to prevent Sahra Wagenknecht from building a new party with the resources of Die Linke. "This is no longer acceptable," said de (Sofia Leonidakis), leader of Die Linke in the Bremen parliament.[28] The ongoing speculation about the founding of a new party and the resulting breakup of Die Linke also put a strain on the election campaigns in Bavaria and Hesse. Die Linke failed to enter both state parliaments.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In January 2024, her new party was officially launched.[29]

الآراء السياسية

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السياسة الاقتصادية

Wagenknecht has argued that the Left Party must pursue radical and anti-capitalist goals, thereby remaining distinct from the more moderate Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Green Party. She has criticized the Left Party's participation in coalition governments, especially the Berlin state government, which has made cuts to social spending and privatized some services.[30]

On 14 February 2014, the German business and economics newspaper Handelsblatt put her on the cover of its weekend edition, wondering: "Are the Left the better at understanding economics?" (Sind die Linken die besseren Wirtschaftsversteher?) The ambiguous headline made it unclear whether the question referred to left-wingers in general or to Wagenknecht's party, The Left, in particular. The newspaper had earlier interviewed her about her ideas about liberalism and socialism.[31]

Ahead of the launch of BSW in October 2023, Tagesschau noted that Wagenknecht's modern positions emphasise "economic reason" and place economic fundamentals before social welfare, comparing her stance to that of the conservative CDU and FDP. In an interview, she described her goals as combating inflation, encouraging small and medium enterprise and domestic technology development, and establishing stable trade with a wide range of partners. She previously rejected accusations that she sought to establish control bodies for various industries, and cited as inspiration the ideas of economist Mariana Mazzucato, who is also considered a source for economics minister Robert Habeck, whom Wagenknecht frequently criticises.[32]

السياسة الخارجية

In 2017, Wagenknecht called for the dissolution of NATO and for a new security agreement that links Germany and Russia.[33][34] Throughout her career, Wagenknecht has argued in favor of a closer relationship with Russia. In 1992, she had published an essay praising Stalinist Russia, a view she said in 2017 she no longer espoused.[34]

Wagenknecht has expressed strong support for the rise of left-wing leaders in Latin America, such as Hugo Chávez,[35] and for SYRIZA's 2015 electoral victory in Greece.[36] She serves as a spokesperson for the Venezuela Avanza solidarity network, and as an alternate on the European Parliament's delegation for relations with Mercosur.[12]

In 2010, she refused to join a standing ovation when former Israeli Prime Minister and Nobel Laureate Shimon Peres gave a speech in the Bundestag on Holocaust Remembrance Day.[37][38][39][40][41]

الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا

Before Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Wagenknecht was a prominent defender of Russia and its President Vladimir Putin, arguing that while the United States were trying to "conjure up" an invasion of Ukraine, "Russia has in fact no interest in marching into Ukraine".[42][43][44] After Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Wagenknecht said that her judgment had been wrong.[45][46] Wagenknecht opposed sanctions against Russia over the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and, in a speech in September 2022, accused the German government of "launching an unprecedented economic war against our most important energy supplier". Before the war, over half of Germany's gas was supplied by Russia. In May, The Left had voted in favor of economic sanctions against Russia. Her speech was applauded by The Left party leadership and by the far-right Alternative for Germany. Her speech prompted the resignation of two high-profile party members.[47]

On February 10, 2023, Wagenknecht and Alice Schwarzer started collecting signatures for their Manifest für Frieden (حرفياً 'Manifesto for peace') on Change.org. It called for negotiations with Russia and a halt to arms deliveries to Ukraine. By the end of the month it had received 700,000 signatures. A rally for peace with Wagenknecht and Schwarzer on February 25 was also attended by far-right groups,[48] and was said to have appealed to the Querfront.[49]

إسرائيل-فلسطين

زهرا هي الوحيدة التي وصفت الحرب على غزة بالإبادة - من كبار الأعضاء في حزبها: أميرة محمد علي (أب مصري). لكن الحزب حذر في التعبير عامة ككل الأحزاب. وفي 19 أغسطس 2024، اتهمها المجلس القومي لليهود بألمانيا بالتحريض على كره إسرائيل، بقوله "ومن خلال موقفه الشعبوي إلى حد ما، فإن BSW يؤجج الكراهية لإسرائيل في ألمانيا".[50]

سياسة اللاجئين

In response to the 2015 Cologne sexual attacks, Wagenknecht stated "Whoever abuses his right to hospitality has forfeited his right to hospitality". This statement was almost unanimously criticized in her party and parliamentary group colleagues, but did receive praise from some in the AfD.[51]

On May 28 2016, an activist from the anti-fascist group Torten für Menschenfeinde ("Cakes for Enemies of Humanity") pushed a chocolate cake in Wagenknecht's face at a Left Party meeting in Magdeburg in response to Wagenknecht's calls for limits on the number of refugees. Wagenknecht has criticized Angela Merkel's refugee policies, arguing that her government has not provided the levels of financial and infrastructural support required to avoid increasing pressure on local authorities and the labor market, thereby exacerbating tensions in society.[15] She has also claimed that Merkel's policies were partly to blame for the 2016 Berlin truck attack.[52]

Partly in response to these experiences, in 2021, she published the book Die Selbstgerechten ("The Self-Righteous") in which she criticizes so-called "left-liberals" ("Linksliberale") for being neither left nor liberal but rather supporting the ruling classes, and, to some extent, their own interests. The book features, among several other topics, a discussion on immigration's alleged negative impacts on the domestic working class. It reached number one in the German non-fiction bestseller list as published by Der Spiegel.[53]

سياسة العائلة

At the beginning of June 2015, Wagenknecht, together with 150 other celebrities from culture and politics, signed an open letter to the Chancellor calling for same-sex civil partnerships to be given equal treatment to opposite-sex marriage.[54] In 2017, Wagenknecht advocated for legalization of same-sex marriage.[55]

كوڤيد-19

Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, Wagenknecht has opined that only the elderly and vulnerable groups need to be vaccinated against the disease, and agitated against the German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Wagenknecht has opposed proposals for COVID-19 vaccine mandates, arguing they should be a personal choice.[56]

Wagenknecht's positions have been compared to those of the far-right Alternative for Germany. In November 2021, party colleagues such as Maximilian Becker, Martina Renner, and Niema Movassat suggested that Wagenknecht leave the party.[57][58]


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الحياة الشخصية

Wagenknecht married businessman Ralph-Thomas Niemeyer in May 1997.[59] On 12 November 2011, politician Oskar Lafontaine stated publicly that he and Wagenknecht had become "close friends".[60] At the time, Wagenknecht and Lafontaine had already separated from their respective spouses.[61][62] Wagenknecht married Lafontaine, 26 years her senior, on 22 December 2014.[63] She is an atheist.[64]

In 2023, the media estimated Wagenknecht's assets at three million euros.[65] In addition to her parliamentary remuneration, Sahra Wagenknecht earned around 750,000 euros in book and speaking fees in 2023.[1] She is one of the German politicians with the highest earnings in the Bundestag and a millionaire.[1][66]

كتب


مرئيات

زعيمة ثالث أكبر حزب في شرق ألمانيا، زهرا ڤاگن‌كنشت، تتهم الجارة بـ"القتال البربري" حيث "تُقتل النساء والأطفال بدون مبرر". وهذا شيء نادر الحدوث في التلفزيون الألماني.


المراجع

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  9. ^ أ ب ت ث "Kurzbiographie Archived 9 أكتوبر 2007 at the Wayback Machine" from www.sahra-wagenknecht.de Archived 19 يوليو 2011 at the Wayback Machine (29 June 2007).
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  23. ^ (in en)Einschätzung zu den ersten #btw21 Wahlergebnissen, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvcdzf5jjd4, retrieved on 2021-10-03 
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  30. ^ "Nicht mitkungeln, sondern kämpfen Archived 11 أكتوبر 2007 at the Wayback Machine", statement co-signed by Wagenknecht (28 April 2007).
  31. ^ Handelsblatt 14 February 2014, pp. 50–59
  32. ^ "Where Sahra Wagenknecht wants to go". Tagesschau (in الألمانية). 20 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
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