بريطانيون

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الشعب البريطاني
British people
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
إجمالي التعداد
المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة
Flag of the United Kingdom.png المملكة المتحدة57,678,000[A][2]
 الولايات المتحدة
[3][4]
Flag of Australia.svg أستراليا
[6]
Flag of Canada.svg كندا
[7]
Flag of New Zealand.svg نيوزيلندا
[8][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]
Flag of South Africa.gif جنوب أفريقيا
  • 1,603,575
  • 750,000[D]
[6][9]
Flag of Brazil.svg البرازيل 840,000[B][10] [11][12]
Flag of Chile.svg تشيلي 700,000[B][13]
Flag of France.svg فرنسا400,000[D][14]
Flag of Ireland.svg أيرلندا291,000[D][6]
المملكة المتحدة أراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية247,899[15]
Flag of Argentina.svg الأرجنتين250,000[B][16]
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg الإمارات العربية240,000[C][17]
Flag of Spain.svg إسپانيا236,669[D][18][19]
Flag of Mexico.svg المكسيك200,000
Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا115,000[C][20]
Flag of Pakistan.svg پاكستان79,447[D][21]
Flag of Cyprus.svg قبرص59,000[C][20]
Flag of Thailand.svg تايلند51,000[C][22]
Flag of Singapore.svg سنغافورة45,000[C][22]
Flag of Switzerland.svg سويسرا45,000[C][23]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg هولندا44,000[C][23]
 إسرائيل44,000[24]
البرتغال البرتغال41,000[C][23]
Flag of Sweden.svg السويد 39,989[C]
Flag of Italy.svg إيطاليا
Flag of Norway.svg نرويج34,279[B][26]
Flag of Turkey.svg تركيا34,000[C][23]
Flag of India.png الهند32,000[C][27]
Flag of Kenya.svg كينيا29,000[C][28]
Flag of Belgium.svg بلجيكا28,000[C][23]
Flag of Barbados.svg بربادوس27,000[C][29]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg السعودية26,000[C]
Flag of Jamaica.svg جامايكا25,000[C][29]
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg ترينيداد وتوباگو25,000[C][30]
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان23,000[C][4]
Flag of Hong Kong.svg هونگ كونگ
[31]
Flag of Greece.svg اليونان18,000[C]
Flag of Finland.svg فنلندا16,732[33]
اللغات
الدين

  1. ^ British citizens of any race or ethnicity.
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ People who identify of full or partial British ancestry born into that country.
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق UK-born people who identify of British ancestry only.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ British citizens or nationals.
  5. ^ British citizens by way of residency in the British overseas territories; however, not all have ancestry from the United Kingdom.

الشعب البريطاني British people، أو البريتون Britons، هم مواطنو المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وشمال أيرلندا، the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.[34][35][36] British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, "British" or "Britons" can refer to the Celtic Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people, and Bretons.[35] It may also refer to citizens of the former British Empire.

Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain[37][38][39][40][41] in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity.[42] The notion of Britishness was forged during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and the First French Empire, and developed further during the Victorian era.[42][43] The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a "particular sense of nationhood and belonging" in Great Britain and Ireland;[42] Britishness became "superimposed on much older identities", of English, Scots, Welsh and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity.[44] Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists.[45]

Modern Britons are descended mainly from the varied ethnic groups that settled in the British Isles in and before the 11th century: Prehistoric, Brittonic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Normans.[46] The progressive political unification of the British Isles facilitated migration, cultural and linguistic exchange, and intermarriage between the peoples of England, Scotland and Wales during the late Middle Ages, early modern period and beyond.[47][48] Since 1922 and earlier, there has been immigration to the United Kingdom by people from what is now the Republic of Ireland, the Commonwealth, mainland Europe and elsewhere; they and their descendants are mostly British citizens, with some assuming a British, dual or hyphenated identity.[49]

The British are a diverse, multinational,[50][51] multicultural and multilingual society, with "strong regional accents, expressions and identities".[52][53] The social structure of the United Kingdom has changed radically since the 19th century, with a decline in religious observance, enlargement of the middle class, and increased ethnic diversity, particularly since the 1950s. The population of the UK stands at around 66 million,[54] with a British diaspora of around 140 million concentrated in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, with smaller concentrations in the الولايات المتحدة, Republic of Ireland, Chile, South Africa and parts of the Caribbean.[55]


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انظر أيضاً


المصادر

المراجع

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  2. ^ Population By Country of Birth and Nationality tables January 2013 to December 2013. Retrieved 04_11_2014
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  4. ^ أ ب ت Brits Abroad: Country-by-country, 11 December 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6161705.stm, retrieved on 24 May 2009 
  5. ^ Numerical estimate based on the total percentage of population identifying their principal ancestry as Scottish, English or Welsh. "CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN AUSTRALIA, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  6. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة BritsAbroad
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  14. ^ Erwin Dopf. "Présentation du Royaume-Uni". diplomatie.gouv.fr. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  15. ^ انظر المقال بعنوان أراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية.
  16. ^ Chavez, Lydia (23 June 1985), Fare of the country: A bit of Britain in Argentina, https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A02E5D61039F930A15755C0A963948260, retrieved on 21 May 2009 
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  21. ^ Gishkori, Zahid (30 July 2015). "Karachi has witnessed 43% decrease in target killing: Nisar". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 3 August 2017. As many as 116,308 Afghan nationals are living as immigrants in the country, higher than any other country," Nisar told the House. Besides Afghans, 52,486 Americans, 79,447 British citizens and 17,320 Canadians are residing in the country, the interior minister added.
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  29. ^ أ ب Brits Abroad: Caribbean, 11 December 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/caribbean.stm, retrieved on 24 May 2009 
  30. ^ "Estimated overseas-born population resident in the United Kingdom by sex, by country of birth (Table 1.4)". Office for National Statistics. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2015. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals.
  31. ^ أ ب Interactive Data Dissemination Service, تعداد هونگ كونگ، 2011
  32. ^ The Committee Office, House of Commons. "House of Commons – Foreign Affairs – Fifth Report". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  33. ^ "Ethnic Groups And Nationalities In Finland". Worldatlas.com.
  34. ^ Cfr. Interpretation Act 1978, Sched. 1. By the British Nationality Act 1981, s. 50 (1), the United Kingdom includes the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man for the purposes of nationality law.
  35. ^ أ ب Macdonald 1969, p. 62:
    British, brit'ish, adj. of Britain or the Commonwealth.
    Briton, brit'ὁn, n. one of the early inhabitants of Britain: a native of Great Britain.
  36. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2004), British (Fourth ed.), dictionary.reference.com, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/british, retrieved on 19 February 2009 :
    Brit·ish (brĭt'ĭsh) adj.
    • Of or relating to Great Britain or its people, language, or culture.
    • Of or relating to the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth of Nations.
    • Of or relating to the ancient Britons.

    n. (used with a pl. verb)

    • The people of Great Britain.
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  • ^ Colley 1992, p. 5.
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  • ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة BritDis47
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    • Williams, Daniel G. (2006), Ethnicity and cultural authority: from Arnold to Du Bois, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-2205-4 
    • Willson, David Harris (1963), King James VI & I, London: Jonathan Cape, ISBN 0-224-60572-0 


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    Further reading

    • Adams, Ian (1993). Political Ideology Today (2nd ed.). Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3347-6.
    • Cunliffe, Barry (2005). Iron Age communities in Britain: an account of England, Scotland and Wales from the seventh century BC until the Roman conquest (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34779-2.
    • Gottlieb, Julie V.; Linehan, Thomas P. (2004). The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-799-4.
    • McLean, Iain (2001). Rational Choice and British Politics. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829529-4.
    • Woodward, Kath (2000). Questioning Identity: Gender, Class and Nation. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-22287-7.

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