فلوريد المنغنيز الثلاثي

Manganese(III) fluoride
الأسماء
	اسم أيوپاك Manganese(III) fluoride
	أسماء أخرى Manganese trifluoride, manganic fluoride
المُعرِّفات
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	74193 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.096
رقم EC	232-006-6;
PubChem CID	82213;
رقم RTECS	OP0882600;
UNII	VHG84D268X ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50893904 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3FH.Mn/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: SRVINXWCFNHIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; InChI=1/3FH.Mn/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: SRVINXWCFNHIQZ-DFZHHIFOAX;
	SMILES [Mn+3].[F-].[F-].[F-];
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	MnF3
كتلة مولية	111.938 g/mol
المظهر	purple-pink powder ; hygroscopic
الكثافة	3.54 g/cm3
نقطة الانصهار
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	hydrolysis
القابلية المغناطيسية	+10,500·10−6 cm3/mol
البنية
البنية البلورية	Monoclinic, mS48
الزمرة الفراغية	C2/c, No. 15
هندسة; إحداثية	distorted octahedral
المخاطر
خطر رئيسي	toxic fumes
ن.م.ع. مخطط تصويري
ن.م.ع. كلمة الاشارة	danger
ن.م.ع. عبارات المخاطر	H272, H301, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335
ن.م.ع. العبارات الاحتياطية	P220, P261, P280, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338
مركبات ذا علاقة
أنيونات أخرى	manganese(III) oxide, manganese(III) acetate
كاتيونات أخرى	chromium(III) fluoride, iron(III) fluoride. cobalt(III) fluoride
مركـّبات ذات علاقة	manganese(II) fluoride, manganese(IV) fluoride
	ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
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	مراجع الجدول

فلوريد المنغنيز الثلاثي Manganese(III) fluoride (ويـُعرف أيضاً بإسم ثالث فلوريد المنغنيز Manganese trifluoride ) هو مركب غير عضوي صيغته MnF₃. This red/purplish solid is useful for converting hydrocarbons into fluorocarbons, i.e., it is a fluorination agent.^[2] It forms a hydrate and many derivatives.

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التخليق والبنية والتفاعلات

MnF₃ can be prepared by treating a solution of MnF₂ in hydrogen fluoride with fluorine:^[3]

MnF₂ + 0.5 F₂ → MnF₃

It can also be prepared by the reaction of elemental fluorine with a manganese(II) halide at ~250 °C.^[4]

البنية

Like vanadium(III) fluoride, MnF₃ features octahedral metal centers with the same average M-F bond distances. In the Mn compound, however, is distorted (and hence a monoclinic unit cell vs. a higher symmetry one) due to the Jahn-Teller effect, with pairs of Mn-F distances of 1.79, 1.91, 2.09 Å.^[5]^[6]^[7]

The hydrate MnF₃^.3H₂O is obtained by crystallisation of MnF₃ from hydrofluoric acid. The hydrate exists as two polymorphs, with space groups P2₁/c and P2₁/a. Each consists of the salt [Mn(H₂O)₄F₂]⁺[Mn(H₂O)₂F₄]⁻ ).^[8]

Reactions

MnF₃ is Lewis acidic and forms a variety of derivatives. One example is K₂MnF₃(SO₄).^[9] MnF₃ reacts with sodium fluoride to give the octahedral hexafluoride:^[4]

3NaF + MnF₃ → Na₃MnF₆

Related reactions salts of the anions MnF₅²⁻ or MnF₄⁻. These anions adopt chain and layer structures respectively, with bridging fluoride. Manganese remains 6 coordinate, octahedral, and trivalent in all of these materials.^[4]

Manganese(III) fluoride fluorinates organic compounds including aromatic hydrocarbons,^[10] cyclobutenes,^[11] and fullerenes.^[12]

On heating, MnF₃ decomposes to manganese(II) fluoride.^[13]^[14]

MnF₃ is a source of MnCl₃ complexes by reaction with bismuth trichloride.^[15]

انظر أيضاً

CoF₃, another fluorinating agent based on a transition metal in an oxidising +3 state.

المراجع

^ GHS: sigma-aldrich 339296^{[dead link]}
^ Burley, G. A.; Taylor, R. (2004). "Manganese(III) Fluoride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00411.
^ Z. Mazej (2002). "Room temperature syntheses of MnF₃, MnF₄ and hexafluoromanganete(IV) salts of alkali cations". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 114 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت Inorganic chemistry, Catherine E. Housecroft, A.G. Sharpe, pp.711-712, section Manganese (III) , googlebooks link
^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Hepworth, M. A.; Jack, K. H.; Nyholm, R. S. (1957). "Interatomic Bonding in Manganese Trifluoride". Nature. 179 (4552): 211–212. Bibcode:1957Natur.179..211H. doi:10.1038/179211b0. S2CID 4208409.
^ M. A. Hepworth; K. H. Jack (1957). "The Crystal Structure of Manganese Trifluoride, MnF₃". Acta Crystallographica. 10 (5): 345–351. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57001024.
^ Molinier Michel; Massa Werner (1992). "Structures of two polymorphs of MnF3·3H2O". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 57 (1–3): 139–146. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)82825-0.
^ Bhattacharjee, M. N; Chaudhuri, M. K. (1990). Dipotassium Trifluorosulfatomanganate(III). Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 27. pp. 312–313. doi:10.1002/9780470132586.ch61. ISBN 9780470132586. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^ Fluorination of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride by manganese trifluoride Archived 2011-08-23 at the Wayback Machine A. Kachanov, V. Kornilov, V.Belogay , Fluorine Notes :Vol. 1 (1) November–December 1998 , via notes.fluorine1.ru
^ "Fluorination of Fluoro-Cyclobutene with High-Valency Metal Fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 127: 79–84. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.10.007. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
^ "Fluorination of the Cubic and Hexagonal C₆₀ Modifications by Crystalline Manganese Trifluoride". Physics of the Solid State. 44 (4): 629–630. 2002. Bibcode:2002PhSS...44..629A. doi:10.1134/1.1470543. S2CID 94250136. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manganese#Manganic Salts" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 17 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 570. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
^ In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of manganese trifluoride thermal decomposition , J.V. Raua, V. Rossi Albertinib, N.S. Chilingarova, S. Colonnab, U. Anselmi Tamburini, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 4506 (2001) 1–4 , online version
^ Nachtigall, Olaf; Pataki, Astrid; Molski, Matthias; Lentz, Dieter; Spandl, Johann (2015). "Solvates of Manganese Trichloride Revisited - Synthesis, Isolation, and Crystal Structure of MnCl3(THF)3". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 641 (6): 1164–1168. doi:10.1002/zaac.201500106.

للاستزادة

Novel syntheses of some binary fluorides: the role of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride Acta Chim. Slov. 1999, 46(2), pp. 229–238, Zoran Mazej, Karel Lutar and Boris Žemva
Knudsen Cell mass spectrometry study of Manganese Trifluoride vaporisation, High temperature corrosion and materials chemistry IV: proceedings of the International Symposium, pp. 521–525, google books

وصلات خارجية

[1] GHS: sigma-aldrich 339296^{[dead link]}

[eros-2] Burley, G. A.; Taylor, R. (2004). "Manganese(III) Fluoride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00411.

[mad-3] Z. Mazej (2002). "Room temperature syntheses of MnF₃, MnF₄ and hexafluoromanganete(IV) salts of alkali cations". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 114 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8.

[shap-4] أ ^ب ^ت Inorganic chemistry, Catherine E. Housecroft, A.G. Sharpe, pp.711-712, section Manganese (III) , googlebooks link

[5] Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.

[6] Hepworth, M. A.; Jack, K. H.; Nyholm, R. S. (1957). "Interatomic Bonding in Manganese Trifluoride". Nature. 179 (4552): 211–212. Bibcode:1957Natur.179..211H. doi:10.1038/179211b0. S2CID 4208409.

[7] M. A. Hepworth; K. H. Jack (1957). "The Crystal Structure of Manganese Trifluoride, MnF₃". Acta Crystallographica. 10 (5): 345–351. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57001024.

[8] Molinier Michel; Massa Werner (1992). "Structures of two polymorphs of MnF3·3H2O". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 57 (1–3): 139–146. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)82825-0.

[9] Bhattacharjee, M. N; Chaudhuri, M. K. (1990). Dipotassium Trifluorosulfatomanganate(III). Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 27. pp. 312–313. doi:10.1002/9780470132586.ch61. ISBN 9780470132586. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[10] Fluorination of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride by manganese trifluoride Archived 2011-08-23 at the Wayback Machine A. Kachanov, V. Kornilov, V.Belogay , Fluorine Notes :Vol. 1 (1) November–December 1998 , via notes.fluorine1.ru

[11] "Fluorination of Fluoro-Cyclobutene with High-Valency Metal Fluoride". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 127: 79–84. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.10.007. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)

[12] "Fluorination of the Cubic and Hexagonal C₆₀ Modifications by Crystalline Manganese Trifluoride". Physics of the Solid State. 44 (4): 629–630. 2002. Bibcode:2002PhSS...44..629A. doi:10.1134/1.1470543. S2CID 94250136. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)

[13] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manganese#Manganic Salts" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 17 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 570. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

[14] In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of manganese trifluoride thermal decomposition , J.V. Raua, V. Rossi Albertinib, N.S. Chilingarova, S. Colonnab, U. Anselmi Tamburini, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 4506 (2001) 1–4 , online version

[15] Nachtigall, Olaf; Pataki, Astrid; Molski, Matthias; Lentz, Dieter; Spandl, Johann (2015). "Solvates of Manganese Trichloride Revisited - Synthesis, Isolation, and Crystal Structure of MnCl3(THF)3". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 641 (6): 1164–1168. doi:10.1002/zaac.201500106.

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