بيكربونات الپوتاسيوم

Potassium bicarbonate
الأسماء
	اسم أيوپاك potassium hydrogencarbonate
	أسماء أخرى potassium hydrogencarbonate, potassium acid carbonate
المُعرِّفات
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
مرجع بايلستاين	4535309
ChEBI	CHEBI:81862 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2106975;
ChemSpider	55053 ;
DrugBank	DB11098;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.509
رقم EC	206-059-0;
E number	E501(ii) (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG	C18606;
PubChem CID	516893;
UNII	HM5Z15LEBN ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0021177 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/CH2O3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-REWHXWOFAA;
	SMILES [K+].[O-]C(=O)O;
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	KHCO3
كتلة مولية	100.115 g/mol
المظهر	white crystals
الرائحة	odorless
الكثافة	2.17 g/cm3
نقطة الانصهار
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	22.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
قابلية الذوبان	practically insoluble in alcohol
الحموضة (pKa)	10.329 6.351 (carbonic acid)
الكيمياء الحرارية
الإنتالپية المعيارية; للتشكل ΔfHo298	-963.2 kJ/mol
علم الأدوية
كود ATC	A12BA04 (WHO)
المخاطر
صفحة بيانات السلامة	MSDS
ن.م.ع. مخطط تصويري
ن.م.ع. كلمة الاشارة	Warning
ن.م.ع. عبارات المخاطر	H315, H319, H335
ن.م.ع. العبارات الاحتياطية	P261, P264, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405
NFPA 704 (معيـَّن النار)	0 1 0
نقطة الوميض	Non-Flammable
	الجرعة أو التركيز القاتل (LD, LC):
LD50 (الجرعة الوسطى)	> 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
مركبات ذا علاقة
أنيونات أخرى	Potassium carbonate
كاتيونات أخرى	Sodium bicarbonate; Ammonium bicarbonate
مركـّبات ذات علاقة	Potassium bisulfate; Monopotassium phosphate; Dipotassium phosphate
	ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	مراجع الجدول

Potassium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: potassium hydrogencarbonate, also known as potassium acid carbonate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHCO₃. It is a white solid.^[1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الانتاج والتفاعل

It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate with carbon dioxide:^[1]

K₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → 2 KHCO₃

Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F):

2 KHCO₃ → K₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.

الاستخدامات

الأطعمة والشراب

This compound is a source of carbon dioxide for leavening in baking. It can substitute for baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for those with a low-sodium diet,^[4] and it is an ingredient in low-sodium baking powders.^[5]^[6]

As an inexpensive, nontoxic base, it is widely used in diverse application to regulate pH or as a reagent. Examples include as buffering agent in medications, an additive in winemaking.

Potassium bicarbonate is often added to bottled water to improve taste,^[7] and is also used in club soda.

الاستخدامات الطبية والصحة

Higher potassium intake may prevent development of kidney stone disease.^[8] Higher potassium intake is associated with a reduced risk of stroke.^[9]

طفايات الحريق

A fire extinguisher containing potassium bicarbonate

Potassium bicarbonate is used as a fire suppression agent ("BC dry chemical") in some dry chemical fire extinguishers, as the principal component of the Purple-K dry chemical, and in some applications of condensed aerosol fire suppression. It is the only dry chemical fire suppression agent recognized by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association for firefighting at airport crash rescue sites. It is about twice as effective in fire suppression as sodium bicarbonate.^[10]

الزراعة

Potassium bicarbonate has widespread use in crops, especially for neutralizing acidic soil.^[11]

Potassium bicarbonate is an effective fungicide against powdery mildew and apple scab, allowed for use in organic farming.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

Potassium bicarbonate is a contact killer for Spanish moss when mixed 1⁄4 cup per gallon.^[16]

التاريخ

The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", first used in the nineteenth century, refers to both potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate.^[17]

المراجع

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت H. Schultz; G. Bauer; E. Schachl; F. Hagedorn; P. Schmittinger (2005). "Potassium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_039. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
^ ^أ ^ب Goldberg, Robert N.; Kishore, Nand; Lennen, Rebecca M. (2003). "Thermodynamic quantities for the ionization reactions of buffers in water". In David R. Lide (ed.). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (84th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0-8493-0595-5. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ "Potassium bicarbonate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (in الإنجليزية).
^ "Potassium Bicarbonate". encyclopedia.com. Cengage. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
^ "Home cooking with less salt". harvard.edu. Harvard University. March 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
^ Wilkens, Katy G. (15 December 2018). "You Have the (Baking) Power with Low-Sodium Baking Powders". agingkingcounty.org. Aging & Disability Services for Seattle & King County. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
^ "Why Your Bottled Water Contains Four Different Ingredients". Time Magazine. July 24, 2014.
^ He FJ, MacGregor GA (2008). "Beneficial effects of potassium on human health". Physiologia Plantarum. 133 (4): 725–735. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01033.x. PMID 18724413.
^ Vinceti M, Filippini T, Orsini N (2016). "Meta-Analysis of Potassium Intake and the Risk of Stroke". Journal of the American Heart Association. 5 (10): e004210. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004210. PMC 5121516. PMID 27792643.
^ "Purple-K-Powder". US Naval Research Laboratory. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^ "Potassium Bicarbonate Handbook" (PDF). Armand Products Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2016-09-06.
^ "Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide". Archived from the original on 2010-05-07. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
^ "Powdery Mildew - Sustainable Gardening Australia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
^ "Organic Fruit Production in Michigan".
^ "Efficacy of Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate) against scab and sooty blotch on apples" (PDF).
^ "How to Toss Your Spanish Moss". SkyFrog landscape company. 4 December 2020.
^ "saleratus". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved May 29, 2020.

وصلات خارجية

Potassium Bicarbonate Handbook Archived 2021-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
OMRI Potassium Bicarbonate
Safety Data sheet - potassium bicarbonate
"Saleratus". New International Encyclopedia. {{{year}}}.

H₂CO₃

He

Li₂CO₃

BeCO₃

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

Na₂CO₃

MgCO₃

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

K₂CO₃

CaCO₃

Sc

Ti

V

Cr

MnCO₃

FeCO₃

CoCO₃

NiCO₃

CuCO₃

ZnCO₃

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Rb₂CO₃

SrCO₃

Y

Zr

Nb

Mo

Tc

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag₂CO₃

CdCO₃

In

Sn

Sb

Te

I

Xe

Cs₂CO₃

BaCO₃

Hf

Ta

W

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Tl₂CO₃

PbCO₃

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Fr

Ra

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Ds

Rg

Cn

Uut

Uuq

Uup

Uuh

Uus

Uuo

↓

La₂(CO₃)₃

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Ac

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lr

[Ullmann-1] أ ^ب ^ت H. Schultz; G. Bauer; E. Schachl; F. Hagedorn; P. Schmittinger (2005). "Potassium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_039. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.

[crc84-2] أ ^ب Goldberg, Robert N.; Kishore, Nand; Lennen, Rebecca M. (2003). "Thermodynamic quantities for the ionization reactions of buffers in water". In David R. Lide (ed.). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (84th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0-8493-0595-5. Retrieved 6 March 2011.

[3] "Potassium bicarbonate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (in الإنجليزية).

[4] "Potassium Bicarbonate". encyclopedia.com. Cengage. Retrieved May 29, 2020.

[5] "Home cooking with less salt". harvard.edu. Harvard University. March 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.

[6] Wilkens, Katy G. (15 December 2018). "You Have the (Baking) Power with Low-Sodium Baking Powders". agingkingcounty.org. Aging & Disability Services for Seattle & King County. Retrieved May 29, 2020.

[7] "Why Your Bottled Water Contains Four Different Ingredients". Time Magazine. July 24, 2014.

[pmid18724413-8] He FJ, MacGregor GA (2008). "Beneficial effects of potassium on human health". Physiologia Plantarum. 133 (4): 725–735. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01033.x. PMID 18724413.

[pmid25973282-9] Vinceti M, Filippini T, Orsini N (2016). "Meta-Analysis of Potassium Intake and the Risk of Stroke". Journal of the American Heart Association. 5 (10): e004210. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004210. PMC 5121516. PMID 27792643.

[10] "Purple-K-Powder". US Naval Research Laboratory. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2012.

[11] "Potassium Bicarbonate Handbook" (PDF). Armand Products Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2016-09-06.

[12] "Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide". Archived from the original on 2010-05-07. Retrieved 2010-02-14.

[13] "Powdery Mildew - Sustainable Gardening Australia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.

[14] "Organic Fruit Production in Michigan".

[15] "Efficacy of Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate) against scab and sooty blotch on apples" (PDF).

[16] "How to Toss Your Spanish Moss". SkyFrog landscape company. 4 December 2020.

[17] "saleratus". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved May 29, 2020.

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