مملكة آڤا

"Ava Kingdom" was also a name commonly used for Burma under the Konbaung Dynasty.

مملكة آڤا အင်းဝခေတ် 1364–1555 Ava c. 1450 الوضع مملكة تابعة لدويلات شان (1527–1555) العاصمة Sagaing, Pinya, Ava (Inwa) اللغات المشتركة Burmese, Shan الدين Theravada Buddhism الحكومة Monarchy • 1364–1367 Thado Minbya • 1367–1400 Swa Saw Ke • 1400–1422 Minkhaung I • 1426–1439 Mohnyin Thado • 1527–1542 Thohanbwa التشريع Hluttaw التاريخ   • تأسيس المملكة April 1364 • Forty Years' War 1385–1424 • Mohnyin Dynasty 1426 • Secession of vassals 1480–1527 • أسرة شان 1527–1555 • سقوط المملكة 22 January 1555 العملة kyat سبقها تلاها Pinya Kingdom Sagaing Kingdom First Toungoo Empire Prome Kingdom

تاريخ بورما قبل التاريخ 11,000–200 ق.م. مدن-دول پيو 200 ق.م.–835 م ممالك مون 825?–1057 الممالك الأراكانية 788?–1406 أسرة پگان 849–1298 امبراطورية پگان 1044–1287 الغزوات المنغولية 1277–1301 فترة الدويلات المتحاربة بورما العليا 1298–1555 ميين‌زاين 1298–1313 پين‌يا 1313–1364 زگاين 1315–1364 آڤا 1364–1555 پرومه 1482–1542 رامانيا 1287–1539 دويلات شان 1215–1557 أراكان 1430–1784 أسرة تونگو 1510–1752 امبراطورية تونگو 1530–1599 فترة نياوڠ‌يان 1599–1752 هانثاوادي المستعادة 1740–1757 أسرة كون‌باوڠ 1752–1885 الفترة الاستعمارية البريطانية 1824–1948 الحروب الأنگلو-بورمية 1824–1885 الحركة الوطنية 1900–1948 الاحتلال الياباني 1942–1945 دولة بورما 1943–1945 العصر الحديث 1948–الحاضر اتحاد بورما 1948–1962 الجمهورية الاشتراكية 1962–1988 اتحاد ميانمار 1988–2010 جمهورية اتحاد ميانمار 2010–الحاضر قائمة العواصم التأريخات الملكية الزعماء التاريخ العسكري

مملكة آڤا (بالبورمية: အင်းဝခေတ်, تـُنطق [ʔɪ́ɴwa̰ kʰɪʔ]؛ إنگليزية: Ava Kingdom) كانت المملكة المسيطرة التي حكمت بورما العليا (ميانمار) من 1364 حتى 1555. Founded in 1364, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing التي حكمت وسط بورما منذ انهيار مملكة پگان في أواخر القرن 13.

Like the small kingdoms that preceded it, Ava was led by Bamarised Shan kings who claimed descent from the kings of Pagan.

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 التاريخ

مملكة آڤا في 1368.

The kingdom was founded by Thado Minbya in 1364^:227 following the collapse of the Sagaing and Pinya Kingdoms due to raids by the Shan States to the north. In its first years of existence, Ava, which viewed itself as the rightful successor to the Pagan Kingdom, tried to reassemble the former empire by waging constant wars against the Mon Hanthawaddy Kingdom in the south, the Shan States in the north and east, and Rakhine State in the west.

While it was able to hold Taungoo and some peripheral Shan States (Kalaymyo, Mohnyin, Mogaung and Hsipaw) within its fold at the peak of its power, Ava failed to reconquer the rest. The Forty Years' War (1385–1424) with Hanthawaddy left Ava exhausted. From the 1420s to early 1480s, Ava regularly faced rebellions in its vassal regions whenever a new king came to power. In the 1480s and 1490s, the Prome Kingdom in the south and the Shan states under Ava sway in the north broke away, and Taungoo became as powerful as its nominal overlord Ava. In 1510, Taungoo also broke away.

Ava was under intensified Shan raids for the first quarter of the 16th century. In 1527, the Confederation of Shan States, led by the state of Mohnyin in alliance with Prome, sacked Ava. The Confederation placed nominal kings on the Ava throne and ruled much of Upper Burma. As Prome was in alliance with the Confederation, only the tiny Taungoo in the southeastern corner, east of the Bago Yoma mountain range remained as the last holdout of independent Bamar people.

The Confederation's failure to snuff out Taungoo proved costly. Surrounded by hostile kingdoms, Taungoo took the initiative to consolidate its position, and defeated a much stronger Hanthawaddy in 1534–1541. When Taungoo turned against Prome, the Shans belatedly sent in their armies. Taungoo took Prome in 1542 and Bagan, just below Ava, in 1544. In January 1555, King Bayinnaung of Taungoo conquered Ava, ending the city's role as the capital of Upper Burma for nearly two centuries.

 انظر أيضاً

• قائمة الملوك
• Ava kings family tree
• Kingdom of Mrauk U

هذه المقالة تحتوي على كتابة بورمية. بدون دعم العرض المناصب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أو رموز أخرى بدلاً من الحروف البورمية.

 ببليوگرافيا

• Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
• Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
• Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.