قائمة الملوك البورميين

(تم التحويل من List of Burmese monarchs)
ملك Burma
Peacock symbol Burma.svg
الطاووس الأخضر البورمي
التفاصيل
الأسلوبجلالته
أول عاهلAbhiyaza
آخر عاهلThibaw Min
التشكيل850 BCE
الإلغاء29 نوفمبر 1885
المُطالبTaw Phaya
تاريخ بورما
WikiProject Burma (Myanmar) peacock.svg

هذه هي قائمة ملوك بورما (ميانمار)، وتشمل ملوك كل الممالك الرئيسية التي تواجدت في أراضي بورما (ميانمار) الحالية. وبالرغم من أن تقليد السجل البورمي ينص على أن مختلف الملكيات في بورما (مون وبورمان وأراكان)، بدأ في القرن التاسع ق.م.، فإن البيانات المحققة تاريخياً تعود فقط إلى 1044 م بصعود أنورتا من پاگان. وكلما ابتعدنا قبل 1044، كلما قلت إمكانية التحقق. فعلى سبيل المثال، تأسيس مدينة پاگان (باگان) في القرن التاسع يمكن التحقق منه–بالرغم من أن دقة التاريخ الفعلي، المُعطى في السجلات أنه 849، يبقى موضع تساؤل–ولكن تأسيس أسرة پاگان، المعطى بأنه كان في القرن الثاني، ليس موضع تساؤل.[1] للممالك المبكرة، انظر قائمة ملوك بورما المبكرين والأسطوريين.

تتبع تواريخ الحكم أحدث التواريخ المتاحة كما هو موضح في كل قسم.

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الممالك المبكرة


پاگان (849–1297)

پاگان المبكرة (حتى 1044)

Below is a partial list of early Pagan kings as reported by the four major chronicles. قبل أنورتا، inscriptional evidence exists thus far only for Nyaung-u Sawrahan and Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu. The list starts from Pyinbya, the fortifier of Pagan (Bagan) according to Hmannan. The Zatadawbon Yazawin is considered the most accurate chronicle for the Pagan period.

الاسم العهد حسب Zatadawbon Yazawin العهد حسب Maha Yazawin العهد حسب Yazawin Thit و Hmannan Yazawin العلاقة بسلفه
Pyinbya 846–886 846–858 846–878 Brother
Tannet 886–904 858–876 878–906 Son
Sale Ngahkwe 904–934 876–901 906–915 Usurper
Theinhko 934–956 901–917 915–931 Son
Nyaung-u Sawrahan 956–1001 917–950 931–964 Usurper
Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 1001–1021 950–971 964–986 Son of Tannet
Kyiso 1021–1038 971–977 986–992 Son of Nyaung-u Sawrahan
Sokkate 1038–1044 977–1002 992–1017 Brother

امبراطورية پاگان

The list generally follows the chronicle reported order and reign dates. G.H. Luce does not recognize Naratheinkha, and proposes an interregnum of nine years between 1165 and 1174. But Luce's gap has been rigorously questioned. Moreover, Luce proposes that Naratheinga Uzana was king between 1231 and 1235 but it too is not universally accepted.[2]

الاسم الصورة بداية العهد نهاية العهد العلاقة بسلفه
أنورتا Pyinoolwin -- DSA Anawrahta.JPG 11 August 1044 11 April 1077 ابن Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu
Saw Lu 11 April 1077 ح. 21 April 1084 Son
Kyansittha Statue of Kyan Sit Thar.JPG 21 April 1084 1112/13 Half-brother
Sithu I Min Sithu Nat.jpg 1112/13 1167 Grandson
Narathu Dhammayangyi Paya, Bagan, Myanmar.jpg 1167 ح. February 1171 Son
Naratheinkha ح. February 1171 May 1174 Son
Sithu II Gawdawpalin Temple Bagan Myanmar.jpg May 1174 18 August 1211 Brother
Htilominlo Htilominlo Temple Bagan Myanmar.jpg 18 August 1211 19 July 1235 Son
Naratheinga Uzana
(as regent) 		ح. 1231?/35 19 July 1235 Son
Kyaswa 19 July 1235 ح. May 1251 Son of Htilominlo
Uzana ح. May 1251 ح. 6 May 1256 Son
Narathihapate 6 May 1256 1 July 1287 Son
Interregnum (1287–1289)
Kyawswa 30 May 1289 17 December 1297 Son

الممالك الصغيرة

ميين‌زاين (1297–1313)

All main chronicles prior to Hmannan Yazawin say that the co-regency ended in 674 ME (1312/13) but Hmannan says it ended in 672 ME (1310/11). Inscriptional evidence shows that the first brother died on 13 April 1310 but the second brother was still alive.

الاسم الصورة بداية العهد نهاية العهد العلاقة بسلفه
Athinkhaya
Yazathingyan
Thihathu 		17 ديسمبر 1297 13 أبريل 1310 المؤسسون، أشقاء ومشاركون في الحكم
Yazathingyan
Thihathu 		13 أبريل 1310 قبل 7 فبراير 1313 حكام متشاركون

Pinya (1313–1364)

Most of the dates below are by Than Tun and Gordon Luce who had checked the chronicle reported dates with inscriptions. Myinsaing Sithu does not appear in any of the chronicles.[3]

Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Thihathu 7 February 1313 c. February 1325 Brother of Athinkhaya and Yazathingyan
Uzana I ح. February 1325 1 September 1340 Adopted son of Thihathu; Son of Kyawswa of Pagan
Sithu
(as regent) 		1 September 1340 29 March 1344 Maternal uncle?
Kyawswa I (Thihathu II) Ngazishin Nat.jpg 29 March 1344 12 December 1350 Nephew and son-in-law
Kyawswa II 12 December 1350 19 March 1359 Son
Narathu of Pinya (Thihathu III) 19 March 1359 June 1364 Brother
Uzana II June 1364 September 1364 Brother

زگاين (1315–1364)

الاسم الصورة حكم منذ حكم حتى العلاقة بسلفه
Saw Yun 15 May 1315 5 February 1327 Son of Thihathu
Tarabya I 5 February 1327 1335/36 Maternal half-brother
Shwetaungtet 1335/36 ح. August 1339 Son
Kyaswa of Sagaing ح. August 1339 ح. March 1349 Son of Saw Yun
Nawrahta Minye ح. April 1349 ح. November 1349 Brother
Tarabya II ح. November 1349 23 February 1352 Brother
Minbyauk Thihapate 23 February 1352 April 1364 Brother-in-law


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آڤا (1364–1555)

Different Burmese chronicles give similar but not identical dates for the regnal dates of the Ava period.[4] The following table largely follows the dates given in Hmannan Yazawin and the table of regnal dates given in (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 352–355). The regnal dates by G.E. Harvey (Harvey 1925: 366) for the most part are off by a year (a year later) than chronicle and inscriptionally-verified dates.

Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Thado Minbya April 1364 ح. 3 September 1367 Grandson of Saw Yun
Swa Saw Ke 5 September 1367 April 1400 Grandson of Kyawswa of Pagan and grandnephew of Thihathu
Tarabya Mintara Nat.jpg April 1400 ح. November 1400 ابن
مينگاون الأول 25 November 1400 ح. October 1421 Half-brother
Thihathu Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin.jpg ح. October 1421 August 1425 ابن
Min Hla August 1425 November 1425 Son
Kale Kye-Taung Nyo by 9 نوفمبر 1425 16 مايو 1426 عم
Mohnyin Thado 16 May 1426 May 1439 Descended from Kyawswa I of Pinya
Minye Kyawswa I May 1439 January 1442 ابن
Narapati I 25 April 1442 24 July 1468 شقيق
Thihathura I 24 يوليو 1468 ح. أغسطس 1480 ابن
مينگاون الثاني ح. أغسطس 1480 7 أبريل 1501 ابن
Thihathura II 1485 4 مارس 1501 ابن
ملك مشارك في عهد مينگاون الثاني
Narapati II 7 أبريل 1501 14 مارس 1527 ابن مينگاون الثاني
Thohanbwa 14 March 1527 May 1542 Son of Sawlon I of Mohnyin
Hkonmaing June 1542 ح. September 1545 Saopha of Thibaw
Narapati III ح. September 1545 ح. October 1551 Son
Narapati IV ح. أكتوبر 1551 22 يناير 1555 والي Salin ونائب الملك Sagaing

Prome (1482–1542)

See List of rulers of Prome for governors of Prome between the late Pagan and early Restored Toungoo periods.
Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Thado Minsaw 1482 1526 Son of Narapati of Ava
Bayin Htwe 1526 ح. December 1532 Son
Narapati ح. December 1532 February 1539 Son
Minkhaung February 1539 19 May 1542 Brother

هانثاوادي (1287–1539, 1550–1552)

الاسم الصورة بداية العهد نهاية العهد العلاقة بالسلف
Wareru 30 January 1287 ح. 14 January 1307 Founder
Hkun Law by 28 January 1307 March 1311 Brother
Saw O 10 April 1311 September 1323 Nephew
Saw Zein by 28 September 1323 ح. April 1330 Brother
Zein Pun ح. April 1330 ح. April 1330 Usurper
Saw E ح. April 1330 ح. June 1330 Nephew of Saw Zein
Binnya E Law ح. June 1330 1348 Uncle; Son of Hkun Law
Binnya U 1348 2 January 1384 Nephew; Son of Saw Zein
Maha Dewi
(as regent) 		by 28 October 1383 4 January 1384 Sister
Razadarit Rajadhirat.jpg 4 January 1384 ح. December 1421 Son of Binnya U; adopted son of Maha Dewi
Binnya Dhammaraza by 29 December 1421 1424 Son
Binnya Ran I 1424 ح. September 1446 Brother
Binnya Waru ح. September 1446 30 May 1451 Nephew
Binnya Kyan 30 May 1451 ح. June 1453 Cousin; Son of Binnya Dhamaraza
Leik Munhtaw ح. June 1453 ح. January 1454 Cousin; Son of Binnya Ran
Shin Sawbu ح. January 1454 1471 Aunt; Daughter of Razadarit
Dhammazedi 1471 1492 Son in law
Binnya Ran II 1492 1526 Son
Taka Yut Pi 1526 ح. January 1539 Son
حكم تونگو (1539–1550)
Smim Sawhtut June 1550 August 1550 Claimant to throne
Smim Htaw August 1550 12 March 1552 Brother of Taka Yut Pi

مراوك-أو (1429–1785)

The reign dates are per the Arakanese chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931), converted into Western dates using (Eade 1989). The converted dates after 1582 are on the Gregorian calendar. (Some Arakanese chronicles state the foundation of the kingdom a year later, 1430. Moreover, the end of the kingdom is given per Burmese records, 2 January 1785. Arakanese records give a day earlier, 1 January 1785.)

الاسم الصورة بداية العهد نهاية العهد علاقته بسلفه
Saw Mon 18 أبريل 1429 9 مايو 1433 المؤسس
Khayi 9 مايو 1433 ح. يناير 1459 شقيق
Ba Saw Phyu ح. January 1459 5 August 1482 Son
Dawlya 5 August 1482 ح. February 1492 Son
Ba Saw Nyo ح. February 1492 ح. January 1494 Uncle, son of Khayi
Ran Aung ح. January 1494 ح. July 1494 Nephew, son of Dawlya
Salingathu ح. July 1494 February 1502 Maternal uncle
Raza February 1502 ح. November 1513 Son
Gazapati ح. November 1513 January 1515 Son
Saw O January 1515 July 1515 Granduncle; brother of Salingathu
Thazata July 1515 ح. April 1521 Son of Dawlya
Minkhaung ح. April 1521 27 May 1531 Brother
Min Bin Shitthaung001.jpg 27 May 1531 11 January 1554 Son of Min Raza
Dikkha 11 January 1554 6 March 1556 Son
Saw Hla 6 March 1556 24 July 1564 Son
Sekkya 24 July 1564 7 February 1572 Brother
Phalaung 7 February 1572 4 July 1593 Son of Min Bin
Razagri 4 July 1593 4 July 1612 Son
Khamaung 4 July 1612 14 May 1622 Son
Thiri Thudhamma 14 May 1622 29 May 1638 Son
Sanay 29 May 1638 17 June 1638 Son
Narapati 17 June 1638 13 December 1645 Great grandson of Min Bin
Thado 13 December 1645 ح. May 1652 Son
Sanda Thudhamma ح. May 1652 11 June 1674 Son
Thiri Thuriya 11 June 1674 16 April 1685 Son
Wara Dhammaraza 16 April 1685 20 June 1692 Brother
Muni Thudhammaraza 20 June 1692 20 December 1694 Elder brother
Sanda Thuriya I 20 December 1694 4 August 1696 Brother
Nawrahta 4 August 1696 18 August 1696 Son
Mayuppiya 18 August 1696 13 May 1697 Usurper
Kalamandat 16 May 1697 5 June 1698 Usurper
Naradipati I 5 June 1698 17 June 1700 Son of Sanda Thuriya
Sanda Wimala I 18 June 1700 30 March 1707 Grandson of Thado
Sanda Thuriya II 3 April 1707 September 1710 Grandson of Sanda Thudhamma
Interregnum ~2 months
Sanda Wizaya I November 1710 April 1731 Usurper
Sanda Thuriya III April 1731 1734 Son-in-law
Naradipati II 1734 1735 Son
Narapawara 1735 September 1737 Usurper
Sanda Wizaya II September 1737 25 March 1738 Cousin
Madarit 28 March 1738 6 February 1743 Brother
Nara Apaya 6 February 1743 28 October 1761 Uncle
Thirithu 28 October 1761 3 February 1762 Son
Sanda Parama 3 February 1762 1 May 1764 Brother
Apaya 1 May 1764 17 January 1774 Brother-in-law
Sanda Thumana 17 January 1774 5 May 1777 Brother-in-law
Sanda Wimala II 6 May 1777 5 June 1777 Usurper
Sanda Thaditha 5 June 1777 1 December 1782 Usurper
Maha Thammada 2 December 1782 2 January 1785 Usurper


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تونگو (1510–1752)

See List of rulers of Toungoo for the viceroys and governors of Toungoo between 1279 and 1612.

The following are based on the reign dates in the Burmese calendar given in Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin chronicles. (The converted dates after 1582 are on the Gregorian calendar. Some books, e.g., Than Tun's Royal Orders of Burma (1983–1990), use old-style Julian dates for the entire Toungoo period.)

Name Image Reign From Reign Until Relationship with predecessor(s)
Mingyi Nyo Mingyi Nyo.jpg 16 October 1510 24 November 1530 Founder
Tabinshwehti Tabinshwehti Nat.jpg 24 November 1530 30 April 1550 Son
Bayinnaung Pyinoolwin -- DSA Bayinnaung.JPG 30 April 1550 10 October 1581 Brother-in-law
Nanda WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 10 October 1581 19 December 1599 Son; nephew of Tabinshwehti
Nyaungyan WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 19 December 1599 5 November 1605 Half-brother
Anaukpetlun WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 5 November 1605 9 July 1628 Son
Minye Deibba WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 9 July 1628 19 August 1629 Son
Thalun Statute of King Thalun.jpg 19 August 1629 27 August 1648 Uncle
Pindale WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 27 August 1648 3 June 1661 Son
Pye WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 3 June 1661 14 April 1672 Brother
Narawara WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 14 April 1672 27 February 1673 Son
Minye Kyawhtin WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 27 February 1673 4 May 1698 Distant Brother; Grandson of King Thalun
Sanay WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 4 May 1698 22 August 1714 Son
Taninganway WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 22 August 1714 14 November 1733 Son
Mahadhammaraza Dipadi WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg 14 November 1733 22 March 1752 Son

هانثاوادي مستعادة (1740–1757)

الاسم الصورة بداية العهد نهاية العهد العلاقة بالسلف
Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 8 ديسمبر 1740 يناير 1747 Cousin of Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Binnya Dala يناير 1747 6 مايو 1757 صهر

كونباون (1752–1885)

الاسم الصورة بداية العهد نهاية العهد العلاقة بالسلف
Alaungpaya Alaungpaya.JPG 29 فبراير 1752 11 مايو 1760 المؤسس
Naungdawgyi Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 11 مايو 1760 28 توفمبر 1763 الابن الأكبر لـ Alaungpaya
شين‌پيوشين Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 28 نوفمبر 1763 10 يونيو 1776 شقيق Naungdawgyi وثاني أكبر أبناء Alaungpaya
Singu Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 10 يونيو 1776 6 فبراير 1782 ابن شين‌پيوشين
Phaungka Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 6 February 1782 11 February 1782 Son of Naungdawgyi and cousin brother of Singu
Bodawpaya Badon Min Statue.jpg 11 February 1782 5 June 1819 Uncle; Alaungpaya's fourth son
Bagyidaw Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 5 يونيو 1819 15 أبريل 1837 Grandson of Bodawpaya
Tharrawaddy Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 15 April 1837 17 November 1846 شقيق Bagyidaw وحفيد Bodawpaya
پاگان Coat of arms of the Konbaung dynasty.svg 17 نوفمبر 1846 18 فبراير 1853 ابن Tharrawaddy Min
Mindon -Mindon Min-2.JPG 18 February 1853 1 October 1878 أخ غير شقيق لـ Pagan Min (son of Tharrawaddy Min)
Thibaw Konbang-Thibaw.jpg 1 أكتوبر 1878 29 نوفمبر 1885 ابن Mindon Min

المطالبون بالعرش البورمي منذ 1885

أسرة كونباونگ

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

المراجع

  1. ^ Harvey 1925: 364
  2. ^ Htin Aung 1970: 40–44
  3. ^ Than Tun 1959: 123–131
  4. ^ See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 352–355) for a comparative table of Ava period regnal dates as given in Maha Yazawin, Myanmar Yazawin Thit, Hmannan Yazawin and Zatadawbon Yazawin.
  5. ^ "The Konbaung Dynasty (part 19)". Royal Ark. Retrieved 2012-02-15.

ببليوگرافيا

  • Aung-Thwin, Michael (1985). Pagan: The Origins of Modern Burma. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-0960-2.
  • Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005). The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868.
  • Charney, Michael W. (2006). Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
  • Eade, J.C. (1989). Southeast Asian Ephemeris: Solar and Planetary Positions, A.D. 638–2000. Ithaca: Cornell University. ISBN 0-87727-704-4.
  • Hall, D.G.E. (1960). Burma (3rd ed.). Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 978-1-4067-3503-1.
  • Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
  • Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Htin Aung, Maung (1970). Burmese History before 1287: A Defence of the Chronicles. Oxford: The Asoka Society.
  • Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin Gyi (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
  • Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
  • Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.). Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931). Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 1–2 (1997 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". Journal of Burma Research Society. XLII (II).
  • Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol. 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

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