أوبلاست خاركيڤ

Kharkiv Oblast Харківська область
Oblast
Kharkivska oblast
Flag Coat of arms
الكنية:  Харківщина (Kharkivshchyna)
الإحداثيات: 49.59°N 36.43°E / 49.59; 36.43
Country	أوكرانيا
Administrative center	Kharkiv
الحكومة
• Governor	Oleh Synyehubov
• Oblast council	120 seats
المساحة
• الإجمالي	31٬415 كم² (12٬129 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة	Ranked 4th
التعداد  (2021)
• الإجمالي	2٬633٬834
• الترتيب	Ranked 3rd
Demographics
• Official language(s)	Ukrainian
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+2 (EET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	61-64
Area code	+380-57
ISO 3166 code	UA-63
Vehicle registration	AX
Raions	7
Cities (total)	17
• Regional cities	7
Urban-type settlements	61
Villages	1683
FIPS 10-4	UP07
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.kharkivoda.gov.ua

Kharkiv Oblast (أوكرانية: Харківська́ о́бласть, romanized: Kharkivska oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (أوكرانية: Ха́рківщина), is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west. The area of the oblast is 31,400 km², corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third most populous province of Ukraine, with a population of 2,633,834 in 2021, more than half (1.43 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center. While the Russian language is primarily spoken in the cities of Kharkiv oblast, elsewhere in the oblast most inhabitants speak Ukrainian.

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 Geography

The oblast borders Russia (Belgorod Oblast) to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west.

 History

During the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929, in 1925, the Kharkov Governorate was abolished leaving its five okruhas: Okhtyrka (originally Bohodukhiv), Izyum, Kupyansk, Sumy, and Kharkiv. Introduced in the Soviet Union in 1923, a similar subdivisions existed in Ukraine back in 1918. In 1930 all okruhas were also abolished with raions becoming the first level of subdivision of Ukraine until 1932.

The modern Kharkiv Oblast was established on 27 February 1932. In the summer of 1932, some parts of the oblast were included in the newly created Donetsk Oblast originally centered in Artemivsk (later in Stalino). Then in the fall, some territories of the Kharkiv Oblast were used in creation of Chernihiv Oblast. More territories became part of Poltava Oblast in fall of 1937 and Sumy Oblast in winter of 1939.

During the Holodomor the population of the Kharkiv Oblast together with Kyiv Oblast suffered the most. The region saw major fighting during World War II in several Battles of Kharkov between 1941 and 1943.

During the 1991 referendum, 86.33% of votes in Kharkiv Oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 4.2% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 71.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military invaded and occupied parts of Kharkiv Oblast. Following Russian invasion of Ukraine by late August, about one third territory of Kharkiv oblast was occupied including Izum and Kupiansk. In July 2022, the Donetsk People's Republic signed a memorandum to “liberate Kharkiv from Ukraine".

In early September 2022, Ukraine began a major counteroffensive, regaining several settlements in the region. By 10 September 2022, Ukraine had recaptured Kupiansk and Izium. On 11 September, Russia had retreated from most of the settlements it previously occupied in the oblast and the Russian Ministry of Defense announced a formal withdrawal of Russian forces from nearly all of Kharkiv Oblast stating that an "operation to curtail and transfer troops" was underway." By 12 September 2022, as the Russian front lines in Kharkiv Oblast continued to collapse, Ukrainian forces had managed to push back to the north-eastern border with Russia in some areas of the region.

 Demographics

Its population in 2001 was 2,895,800 million (1,328,900 males (45.9%) and 1,566,900 females (54.1%)).

At the 2001 census, the ethnic groups within the Kharkiv Oblast were:

• Ukrainians – 70.7%
• Russians – 25.6%
• Belarusians – 0.5%
• Jews – 0.4%
• Armenians – 0.4%
• Azeris – 0.2%
• Georgians – 0.15%
• Tatars – 0.14%
• Others – 2.1%

Groups by native language:

• Ukrainian – 53.8%
• Russian – 44.3%
• Other languages – 1.9%

 Age structure

0–14 years: 12.6% ▲ (male 177,464/female 167,321)

15–64 years: 72.2% (male 945,695/female 1,024,841)

65 years and over: 15.2% (male 135,737/female 277,725) (2013 official)

 Median age

total: 40.5 years ▲

male: 36.9 years

female: 44.1 years ▲ (2013 official)

 Administrative divisions

المقالة الرئيسية: Administrative divisions of Kharkiv Oblast

The Kharkiv Oblast is administratively subdivided into 7 raions (districts). Prior to the 2020 decentralization reform, there were 25 raions, and also 7 cities (municipalities) that were directly subordinate to the oblast government (Chuhuiv, Izium, Kupiansk, Liubotyn, Lozova, Pervomaiskyi, and the administrative center of the oblast, Kharkiv).

Map of Kharkiv Oblast

Name	Ukrainian name	Area (km2)	Population (2021)	Admin. center
Bohodukhiv Raion	Богодухівський район	1,160	124,936	Bohodukhiv
Chuhuiv Raion	Чугуївський район	1,149	197,695	Chuhuiv
Izium Raion	Ізюмський район	1,553	175,986	Izium
Kharkiv Raion	Харківський район	1,403	1,745,734	Kharkiv
Krasnohrad Raion	Красноградський район	9,851	105,948	Krasnohrad
Kupiansk Raion	Куп’янський район	4,618	133,135	Kupiansk
Lozova Raion	Лозівський район	1,404	150,400	Lozova

 Nomenclature

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially called "oblast centers" (أوكرانية: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Kharkiv is the center of the Kharkivs’ka oblast’ (Kharkiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Kharkiv Oblast, Kharkivshchyna.

انظر أيضاً: Romanization of Ukrainian

 Economy

The Kharkiv oblast has a primarily industrial economy, including engineering, metallurgy, manufacturing, production of chemicals and food processing. It also has an important agricultural sector with 19,000 square kilometres of arable land (comprising 5.9% of the total arable lands of Ukraine). Agricultural production grew substantially in 2015.

Also in Kharkiv is the airplane plant for space controlling systems. It is a major center for all branches of engineering, from large-scale manufacture to microelectronics. Also situated in Kharkiv Oblast is a gas field, which is one of the biggest in Ukraine.

 Points of interest

Metalist Stadium

The following sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.

• Derzhprom Building
• Pokrov monastery (Kharkiv)
• Skovoroda museum

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 Sport

It has a regional federation within Ukrainian Bandy and Rink bandy Federation.[1]

 External links

• Kharkiv Oblast Facts & Figures
• Kharkiv Oblast statistics
• Maps of Kharkiv oblast Cities, Towns and Villages
• About Kharkiv Oblast
• Post codes directory of Kharkiv Oblast