گدنيا

Coordinates: 54°30′N 18°33′E / 54.500°N 18.550°E / 54.500; 18.550
(تم التحويل من Gdynia)
Gdynia
Gdynia Sea Towers
Gdynia Sea Towers
علم Gdynia
Flag
درع Gdynia
Coat of arms
الشعار: 
Uśmiechnij się, jesteś w Gdyni
(Smile, you're in Gdynia)
Gdynia is located in الڤويڤودية الپومرانية
Gdynia
Gdynia
Gdynia is located in پولندا
Gdynia
Gdynia
الإحداثيات: 54°30′N 18°32′E / 54.500°N 18.533°E / 54.500; 18.533
CountryPoland
VoivodeshipPomeranian
Countycity county
City rightsFebruary 10, 1926
الأحياء22 districts
الحكومة
 • MayorWojciech Szczurek
المساحة
 • المدينة135 كم² (52 ميل²)
أعلى منسوب
205 m (673 ft)
أوطى منسوب
0 m (0 ft)
التعداد
 (31.03.2014)
 • المدينة247٬799
 • العمرانية
1٬080٬700
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
81-004 to 81-919
مفتاح الهاتف+48 58
Car platesGA
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.gdynia.pl
Gdynia in 1938
View from Kosciuszko Square; Dar Pomorza on the left, Sea Towers on the right

Gdynia [ˈɡdɨɲa] ( استمع) (ألمانية: Gdingen, كاشوبية: Gdiniô) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and a seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea. Located in Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdańsk and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of over a million people.

For centuries, Gdynia remained a small farming and fishing village on the Baltic coast. At the beginning of the 20th-century Gdynia became a seaside resort town and experienced an inflow of tourists. This triggered an increase in local population. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, a decision was made to construct a Polish seaport in Gdynia, between the Free City of Danzig (a semi-autonomous city-state under joint League of Nations and Polish administration) and German Pomerania, making Gdynia the primary economic hub of the Polish Corridor. It was then that the town was given a more cosmopolitan character with modernism being the dominant architectural style and emerged as a city in 1926.

The rapid development of Gdynia was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. The German troops refrained from deliberate bombing. The newly built port and shipyard were completely destroyed during the war.[1] The population of the city suffered much heavier losses as most of the inhabitants were evicted and expelled. The locals were either displaced to other regions of occupied Poland or sent to Nazi concentration camps throughout Europe. After the war, Gdynia was settled with the former inhabitants of Warsaw and lost cities such as Lviv and Vilnius in the Eastern Borderlands. The city was gradually regenerating itself with its shipyard being rebuilt and expanded. In December 1970 the shipyard workers protest against the increase of prices was bloodily repressed. This greatly contributed to the rise of the Solidarity movement in Gdańsk.

Today the port of Gdynia is a regular stopover on the itinerary of luxurious passenger ships and a new ferry terminal with a civil airport are under realisation. The city won numerous awards in relation to safety, infrastructure, quality of life and a rich variety of tourist attractions. In 2013 Gdynia was ranked as Poland's best city to live in and topped the rankings in the overarching category of general quality of life.[2] Gdynia is also highly noted for its access to education. There are prestigious universities such as the Polish Naval Academy nearby.

Gdynia hosts the Gdynia Film Festival, the main Polish film festival, and was the venue for the International Random Film Festival in 2014.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geography

Population and area

Year Inhabitants Area
1870 1,200
1920 1,300
1926 12,000 6 km²
1939 127,000 66 km²
1945 70,000 66 km²
1960 150,200 73 km²
1970 191,500 75 km²
1975 221,100 134 km²
1980 236,400 134 km²
1990 251,500 136 km²
1994 252,000 136 km²
1995 251,400 136 km²
2000 255,420 135.49 square kilometres (52.31 sq mi) (after GUS – Central Statistical Office in Warsaw)
2009 248,889 136,72 km²

Climate

The climate of Gdynia is an oceanic climate owing to its position of the Baltic sea, which moderates the temperatures, compared to the interior of Poland. The climate is cool throughout the year and there is a somewhat uniform precipitation throughout the year. Typical of Northern Europe, there is little sunshine during the year.

Climate data for Gdynia (1976-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		30.2
(86.4) 		32.1
(89.8) 		34.7
(94.5) 		29.3
(84.7) 		28.5
(83.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		15.2
(59.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		34.7
(94.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6) 		2.8
(37.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.6
(52.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		20.4
(68.7) 		22.7
(72.9) 		22.5
(72.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.2
(54.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.3
(39.7) 		12.3
(54.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9) 		0.35
(32.63) 		2.25
(36.05) 		7.65
(45.77) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.75
(65.75) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		9.25
(48.65) 		5.65
(42.17) 		2.45
(36.41) 		8.94
(48.09)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.2
(26.2) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.2
(45.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.8
(58.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		11.8
(53.2) 		6.3
(43.3) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		5.6
(42.0)
Record low °C (°F) −21.2
(−6.2) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−14.5
(5.9) 		−21.2
(−6.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.6
(1.83) 		40.6
(1.60) 		47.7
(1.88) 		36.6
(1.44) 		60.1
(2.37) 		59.6
(2.35) 		72.5
(2.85) 		74.9
(2.95) 		71.2
(2.80) 		67.8
(2.67) 		61.2
(2.41) 		57.8
(2.28) 		696.6
(27.43)
Average rainy days 15 11 13 13 16 15 16 17 14 18 19 16 183
Average snowy days 11 13 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 7 50
Average relative humidity (%) 82 86 79 69 63 69 71 72 82 83 84 87 77
Source: my weather2[3]


International relations

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — sister cities

Gdynia is twinned with:[4]


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

انظر أيضاً

References

  1. ^ "Gdynia turystyczna". Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  2. ^ "Gdynia rated Poland's best city". Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  3. ^ "my weather2". Weather 2. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض P.C., Net. "Gdynia - International Gdynia - International co-operation of Gdynia". www.gdynia.pl. Archived from the original on 2016-10-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Aalborg Twin Towns". Europeprize.net. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Aalborg Kommune – Venskabsbyer". Web.archive.org. 2007-11-14. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
  7. ^ "Города-партнёры" (in Russian). Kaliningrad City Hall. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ Luhn, Alec (20 November 2011). "Kaliningrad". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  9. ^ "Twin cities of Kiel". kiel.de (in German).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ Hassinen, Raino. "Kotka - International co-operation: Twin Cities". City of Kotka. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
  11. ^ "Plymouth – Town Twinning". Plymouth City Council. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
  12. ^ "Seattle, Washington Sister Cities". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "珠海与波兰格丁尼亚市结为友好城市 加强交流深化经贸合作".

Further reading

  • (ed.) R. Wapiński, Dzieje Gdyni, Gdańsk 1980
  • (ed.). S. Gierszewski, Gdynia, Gdańsk 1968
  • Gdynia, in: Pomorze Gdańskie, nr 5, Gdańsk 1968
  • J. Borowik, Gdynia, port Rzeczypospolitej, Toruń 1934
  • B. Kasprowicz, Problemy ekonomiczne budowy i eksploatacji portu w Gdyni w latach 1920–1939, Zapiski Historyczne, nr 1-3/1956
  • M. Widernik, Główne problemy gospodarczo-społeczne miasta Gdyni w latach 1926–1939., Gdańsk 1970
  • (ed.) A. Bukowski, Gdynia. Sylwetki ludzi, oświata i nauka, literatura i kultura, Gdańsk 1979
  • Gminy województwa gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1995
  • H. Górnowicz, Z. Brocki, Nazwy miast Pomorza Gdańskiego, Wrocław 1978
  • Gerard Labuda (ed.), Historia Pomorza, vol. I-IV, Poznań 1969–2003
  • (ed.) W. Odyniec, Dzieje Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego od VII wieku do 1945 roku, Gdańsk 1978
  • L. Bądkowski, Pomorska myśl polityczna, Gdańsk 1990
  • L. Bądkowski, W. Samp, Poczet książąt Pomorza Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 1974
  • B. Śliwiński, Poczet książąt gdańskich, Gdańsk 1997
  • Józef Spors, Podziały administracyjne Pomorza Gdańskiego i Sławieńsko-Słupskiego od XII do początków XIV w, Słupsk 1983
  • M. Latoszek, Pomorze. Zagadnienia etniczno-regionalne, Gdańsk 1996
  • B. Bojarska, Eksterminacja inteligencji polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim (wrzesień-grudzień 1939), Poznań 1972
  • K. Ciechanowski, Ruch oporu na Pomorzu Gdańskim 1939–1945., Warszawa 1972

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for گدنيا.
مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Gdynia.

54°30′N 18°33′E / 54.500°N 18.550°E / 54.500; 18.550

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=گدنيا&oldid=2235922"