ڤكتوريا، كلومبيا البريطانية
ڤكتوريا | |
---|---|
City | |
مدينة ڤكتوريا | |
الكنية: | |
الشعار: "حرة للأبد Forever free" | |
الإحداثيات: 48°25′43″N 123°21′56″W / 48.42861°N 123.36556°W | |
البلد | كندا |
المقاطعة | كولومبيا البريطانية |
Regional District | العاصمة |
Historic colonies | م. جزيرة ڤانكوڤر (1848-66) م. كلومبيا البريطانية (1866–71) |
Incorporated | 2 August 1862[3] |
الحكومة | |
• النوع | Elected city council |
• Mayor | Lisa Helps (List of mayors) |
• Governing body | مجلس مدينة ڤكتوريا |
• MP | Murray Rankin (NDP) |
• MLAs | Carole James (BC NDP), Rob Fleming (BC NDP), Maurine Karagianis (BC NDP) |
المساحة | |
• City | 19٫47 كم² (7٫52 ميل²) |
• العمران | 696٫15 كم² (268٫79 ميل²) |
المنسوب | 23 m (75 ft) |
التعداد (2011)[5] | |
• City | 80٬032 (67th) |
• الكثافة | 4٬109٫4/km2 (10٬643/sq mi) |
• العمرانية | 344٬630 (15th) |
• الكثافة العمرانية | 495/km2 (1٬280/sq mi) |
صفة المواطن | Victorian |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC-8 (PST) |
Postal code span | V0S, V8N-V8Z, V9A-V9E |
مفتاح الهاتف | 250, 778, and 236 |
NTS Map | 092B06 |
GNBC Code | JBOBQ |
الموقع الإلكتروني | victoria.ca |
ڤكتوريا (Victoria ؛ /vɪkˈtɔriə/ ؛ سانتش: Mətúliyə[6]) هي عاصمة كلومبيا البريطانية، كندا، وتقع في الطرف الجنوبي لـ جزيرة ڤانكوڤر قبالة الساحل الهادي لكندا. ويبلغ تعداد سكان المدينة نحو 80,017 نسمة، بينما يبلغ تعداد سكان المنطقة العمرانية لـڤكتوريا الكبرى نحو 344,615 نسمة، مما يجعلها في ترتيب الـ15 بين المناطق الحضرية الكندية حسب تعداد السكان.
ڤكتوريا هي المدينة الأقصى جنوباً في غرب كندا, and is located about 100 kilometres (60 miles) from BC's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland. The city is about 100 kilometres (60 miles) from Seattle by airplane, ferry, or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily, year round between Seattle and Victoria and 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Port Angeles, Washington, by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and, at the time, British North America, Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings, in particular its two most famous landmarks, Legislative buildings (finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia) and the Empress hotel (opened in 1908). The city's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco's. The region's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement, possibly several thousand years earlier, which had large populations at the time of European exploration. Victoria, like many Vancouver Island communities, continues to have a sizeable First Nations presence, composed of peoples from all over Vancouver Island and beyond.
Known as the "The Garden City", Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a thriving technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry.[7] Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life,[8] according to Numbeo. The city has a large non-local student population, who come to attend the University of Victoria, Camosun College, Royal Roads University, the Victoria College of Art, the Sooke Schools International Programme and the Canadian College of Performing Arts. Victoria is very popular with boaters with its beautiful and rugged shorelines and beaches. Victoria is also popular with retirees, who come to enjoy the temperate and usually snow-free climate of the area as well as the usually relaxed pace of the city.
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التاريخ
Prior to the arrival of European navigators in the late 1700s, the Victoria area was home to several communities of Coast Salish peoples, including the Songhees. The Spanish and British took up the exploration of the northwest coast, beginning with the visits of Juan Pérez in 1774 and of James Cook. In 1778, although the Victoria area of the Strait of Juan de Fuca was not penetrated until 1790, Spanish sailors visited Esquimalt Harbour (just west of Victoria proper) in 1790, 1791, and 1792.
ڤكتوريا في الحرب العظمى 1914-1918
بعد 1945
الجغرافيا
الجيولوجيا
الجيولوجيا
ڤكتوريا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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جدول طقس (التفسير) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Victoria has a mild warm summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb)[12] with mild, rainy winters and cool, dry and sunny summers.[13] Other climate classification systems, such as Trewartha, place it in the Oceanic zone (Do).[14]
Climate data for ڤكتوريا (Gonzales), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1872–present[أ] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high humidex | 13.8 | 16.0 | 18.3 | 22.4 | 29.1 | 33.8 | 36.1 | 35.0 | 32.3 | 24.7 | 19.7 | 15.1 | 36.1 |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
8.6 (47.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −18.9 (−2.0) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
Record low wind chill | −22.1 | −18.6 | −13.6 | −4.6 | −1.8 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 1.0 | −9.1 | −20.8 | −27.0 | −27.0 |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 94.3 (3.71) |
71.7 (2.82) |
46.5 (1.83) |
28.5 (1.12) |
25.8 (1.02) |
20.7 (0.81) |
14.0 (0.55) |
19.7 (0.78) |
27.4 (1.08) |
51.2 (2.02) |
98.9 (3.89) |
108.9 (4.29) |
607.6 (23.92) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 85.2 (3.35) |
68.1 (2.68) |
45.3 (1.78) |
28.5 (1.12) |
25.8 (1.02) |
20.7 (0.81) |
14.0 (0.55) |
19.7 (0.78) |
27.4 (1.08) |
51.1 (2.01) |
95.5 (3.76) |
101.9 (4.01) |
583.1 (22.96) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 9.7 (3.8) |
3.5 (1.4) |
1.1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
4.1 (1.6) |
7.8 (3.1) |
26.3 (10.4) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm (0.008 in)) | 17.0 | 15.4 | 13.6 | 10.4 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 16.1 | 17.5 | 135.6 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm (0.008 in)) | 14.6 | 14.3 | 12.9 | 10.4 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 15.3 | 16.1 | 129.2 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm (0.08 in)) | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 7.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 74.1 | 93.7 | 149.5 | 201.5 | 266.6 | 273.8 | 327.8 | 297.3 | 204.1 | 153.4 | 83.1 | 68.7 | 2٬193٫3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 27.1 | 32.6 | 40.6 | 49.2 | 56.6 | 56.9 | 67.5 | 66.9 | 53.9 | 45.6 | 29.9 | 26.4 | 46.1 |
Source: Environment Canada[15][16][17][18][19] |
Climate data for University of Victoria, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1992–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
32.2 (90.0) |
37.6 (99.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
37.6 (99.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.3 (43.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.1 (44.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
0.2 (32.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
Source: Environment Canada[20][21] |
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Demographics
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1871 | 3٬270 | — |
1881 | 5٬925 | +81.2% |
1891 | 16٬841 | +184.2% |
1901 | 20٬816 | +23.6% |
1911 | 31٬660 | +52.1% |
1921 | 38٬727 | +22.3% |
1931 | 39٬082 | +0.9% |
1941 | 42٬907 | +9.8% |
1951 | 51٬331 | +19.6% |
1961 | 54٬941 | +7.0% |
1971 | 61٬761 | +12.4% |
1981 | 64٬379 | +4.2% |
1991 | 71٬228 | +10.6% |
1996 | 73٬504 | +3.2% |
2001 | 74٬125 | +0.8% |
2006 | 78٬057 | +5.3% |
2011 | 80٬017 | +2.5% |
[22] |
Ethnic origins
Note: These categories are those used by Statistics Canada.
Ethnic Origin[23] | Population[24] | Proportion[25] |
---|---|---|
English | 31,545 | 41.84% |
Scottish | 21,205 | 28.12% |
Irish | 16,785 | 22.26% |
Canadian | 14,500 | 19.23% |
German | 10,365 | 13.75% |
French | 7,935 | 10.52% |
Dutch (Netherlands) | 3,395 | 4.50% |
Chinese | 3,315 | 4.40% |
Ukrainian | 3,285 | 4.40% |
North American Indian | 3,230 | 4.29% |
Welsh | 2,920 | 3.87% |
Polish | 2,660 | 3.53% |
Norwegian | 2,440 | 3.24% |
British Isles, n.i.e.[26] | 2,360 | 3.13% |
Italian | 2,280 | 3.02% |
Swedish | 2,080 | 2.76% |
American | 1,920 | 2.55% |
Russian | 1,840 | 2.44% |
Danish | 1,320 | 1.75% |
Austrian | 1,180 | 1.57% |
Filipino | 1,055 | 1.40% |
Spanish | 1,050 | 1.39% |
Métis | 1,015 | 1.35% |
Jewish | 990 | 1.31% |
Japanese | 985 | 1.31% |
East Indian | 915 | 1.21% |
Hungarian (Magyar) | 890 | 1.18% |
Swiss | 660 | 0.88% |
Belgian | 635 | 0.84% |
Finnish | 630 | 0.84% |
Czech | 585 | 0.78% |
Portuguese | 550 | 0.73% |
Romanian | 500 | 0.66% |
Icelandic | 485 | 0.64% |
Korean | 400 | 0.53% |
Croatian | 295 | 0.39% |
African, n.i.e. | 275 | 0.36% |
Australian | 270 | 0.36% |
Greek | 265 | 0.35% |
Mexican | 255 | 0.34% |
European, n.i.e. | 235 | 0.31% |
Vietnamese | 225 | 0.30% |
Scandinavian, n.i.e. | 210 | 0.29% |
Serbian people | 210 | 0.29% |
Iranian | 195 | 0.26% |
Lebanese | 190 | 0.25% |
South African | 185 | 0.25% |
Acadian | 175 | 0.23% |
Lithuanian | 170 | 0.23% |
Yugoslav, n.i.e. | 160 | 0.21% |
Jamaican | 155 | 0.21% |
Chilean | 155 | 0.21% |
Latvian | 155 | 0.21% |
Black | 155 | 0.21% |
Taiwanese | 150 | 0.20% |
Slovenian | 140 | 0.19% |
Ethiopian | 130 | 0.17% |
Czechoslovak | 115 | 0.15% |
Slovak | 115 | 0.15% |
New Zealander | 115 | 0.15% |
Argentinian | 95 | 0.13% |
Turk | 95 | 0.13% |
Barbadian | 90 | 0.12% |
Trinidadian/Tobagonian | 90 | 0.12% |
Estonian | 90 | 0.12% |
Arab, n.i.e. | 90 | 0.12% |
Cambodian | 85 | 0.11% |
Indonesian | 80 | 0.11% |
West Indian | 75 | 0.10% |
Flemish | 75 | 0.10% |
Egyptian | 75 | 0.10% |
Thai | 75 | 0.10% |
Inuit | 70 | 0.09% |
Guyanese | 65 | 0.09% |
Salvadorean | 65 | 0.09% |
Oromo | 65 | 0.09% |
Punjabi | 65 | 0.09% |
Hawaiian | 65 | 0.09% |
Maltese | 55 | 0.07% |
Armenian | 55 | 0.07% |
Colombian | 50 | 0.07% |
Gypsy (Roma) | 50 | 0.07% |
Manx | 45 | 0.06% |
Brazilian | 45 | 0.06% |
Maya | 45 | 0.06% |
Venezuelan | 45 | 0.06% |
Albanian | 45 | 0.06% |
Ghanaian | 45 | 0.06% |
Somali | 45 | 0.06% |
Belarusian | 40 | 0.05% |
Syrian | 40 | 0.05% |
Pakistani | 40 | 0.05% |
Sri Lankan | 40 | 0.05% |
Laotian | 40 | 0.05% |
Fijian | 40 | 0.05% |
Aboriginal from Central/South America | 35 | 0.05% |
Bulgarian | 35 | 0.05% |
Sicilian | 35 | 0.05% |
Burmese | 35 | 0.05% |
Malaysian | 35 | 0.05% |
Māori | 35 | 0.05% |
Newfoundlander | 30 | 0.04% |
Peruvian | 30 | 0.04% |
Tigrian | 30 | 0.04% |
South Asian, n.i.e. | 30 | 0.04% |
Mongolian | 30 | 0.04% |
Québécois | 25 | 0.03% |
Dominican, n.o.s.[27] | 25 | 0.03% |
Caribbean, n.i.e. | 25 | 0.03% |
Belizean | 25 | 0.03% |
Guatemalan | 25 | 0.03% |
Panamanian | 25 | 0.03% |
Latin, Central or South American, n.i.e. | 25 | 0.03% |
Frisian | 25 | 0.03% |
Bosnian | 25 | 0.03% |
Eritrean | 25 | 0.03% |
Moroccan | 25 | 0.03% |
Cornish | 20 | 0.03% |
Other provincial or regional groups | 20 | 0.03% |
Basque | 20 | 0.03% |
Zimbabwean | 20 | 0.03% |
Afghan | 20 | 0.03% |
Ecuadorian | 15 | 0.02% |
Luxembourger | 15 | 0.02% |
Slav (European) | 15 | 0.02% |
Amhara | 15 | 0.02% |
Zulu | 15 | 0.02% |
Libyan | 15 | 0.02% |
Azerbaijani | 15 | 0.02% |
Bengali | 15 | 0.02% |
Grenadian | 10 | 0.01% |
Puerto Rican | 10 | 0.01% |
Kosovar | 10 | 0.01% |
Montenegrin | 10 | 0.01% |
Guinean, n.o.s. | 10 | 0.01% |
Kenyan | 10 | 0.01% |
Mauritian | 10 | 0.01% |
Rwandan | 10 | 0.01% |
تتار | 10 | 0.01% |
Bangladeshi | 10 | 0.01% |
تعداد الأقليات البارزة والسكان الأصليين
Canada 2011 Census | Population | % of Total Population | |
---|---|---|---|
Visible minority group [بحاجة لمصدر] |
South Asian | 1,160 | 1.5% |
Chinese | 2,895 | 3.8% | |
Black | 850 | 1.1% | |
Filipino | 1,155 | 1.5% | |
Latin American | 505 | 0.7% | |
Arab | 340 | 0.4% | |
Southeast Asian | 460 | 0.6% | |
West Asian | 290 | 0.4% | |
Korean | 355 | 0.5% | |
Japanese | 470 | 0.6% | |
Other visible minority | 90 | 0.1% | |
Mixed visible minority | 415 | 0.5% | |
Total visible minority population | 8,985 | 11.8% | |
Aboriginal group [بحاجة لمصدر] |
First Nations | 3,325 | 4.4% |
Métis | 1,205 | 1.6% | |
Inuit | 100 | 0.1% | |
Total Aboriginal population | 4,490 | 5.9% | |
European Canadian | 62,550 | 82.3% | |
التعداد الإجمالي | 76,025 | 100% |
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الاقتصاد
صناعة التكنولوجيا
السياحة
الثقافة
المعالم
المدن الشقيقة
Victoria has four Sister Cities:[28]
- Khabarovsk, Russia
- Napier, New Zealand
- Morioka, Japan
- Suzhou, People's Republic of China
انظر أيضاً
- Dallasite, unofficial gemstone of Victoria, British Columbia
- Leaky condo crisis
- List of cities in Canada
- List of historic places in Victoria, British Columbia
- List of mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
- Monarchy in British Columbia
- Old Victoria Custom House
- Places called Victoria
الهامش
- ^ "B.C. Transit drivers return to calling out stops on Victoria buses". Victoria News. Black Press. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-18.
- ^ Macionis, John J (2002). Society: The Basics. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 69. ISBN 9780131111646.
- ^ "History Snapshot of Victoria, BC". City Of Victoria. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ "2006 Community Profiles". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ "Census Profile – Census Subdivision". 2.statcan.ca. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ^ http://www.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/WordList/placenames.html
- ^ Gemme, Brigitte. "Economic Impact of the Greater Victoria Technology Sector" (PDF). This report was commissioned by the Victoria Advanced Technology Council (VIATeC) and prepared by Brigitte Gemme, Ph.D. candidate at the University of British Columbia. The study was supported by the ACCELERATE BC (MITACS) internship programme. The Centre for Sustainability and Social Innovation and its director, professor James Tansey, generously hosted the author of the report during the internship. The author and VIATeC would also like to thank the Victoria technology sector organizations who took the time to participate in this study. University of British Columbia. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ^ "Quality of Life Index by City 2015". numbeo.com.
- ^ "Thunderbird Park – A Place of Cultural Sharing". Royal British Columbia Museum. Retrieved 2010-02-07. House built by Mungo Martin and David Martin with carpenter Robert J. Wallace. Based on Chief Nakap'ankam's house in Tsaxis (Fort Rupert). The house "bears on its house-posts the hereditary crests of Martin's family." It is still used for ceremonies with the permission of Chief Oast'akalagalis 'Walas 'Namugwis (Peter Knox, Martin's grandson) and Mable Knox. Pole carved by Mungo Martin, David Martin and Mildred Hunt. "Rather than display his own crests on the pole, which was customary, Martin chose to include crests representing the A'wa'etlala, Kwagu'l, 'Nak'waxda'xw and 'Namgis Nations. In this way, the pole represents and honours all the Kwakwaka'wakw people."
- ^ www.acitygoestowar.ca. University of Victoria.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|title=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Victoria Gonzales HTS, British Columbia". Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000 (in English and French). Environment Canada. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif
- ^ Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 2007-02-15.
- ^ "Global Ecological Zoning for the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000". Fao.org. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
- ^ "Victoria Gonzales Hts". Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "Victoria Gonzales CS". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "Esquimalt". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةJuly 2007
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةJanuary 1893
- ^ "University of Victoria". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةJuly 2009
- ^ "1996 Census of Canada: Electronic Area Profiles". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Victoria, BC (2006 Census)". 2.statcan.ca. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
- ^ NB combined single and multiple responses – 30,945 and 44,445 respectively
- ^ NB does not total 100% because all figures are multiple responses
- ^ "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere"
- ^ "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified"
- ^ "Twin Cities". victoria.ca.
==الملاحظات
وصلات خارجية
View Royal | Saanich, British Columbia | Strait of Georgia & Gulf Islands |
| ||||
Esquimalt, British Columbia & Langford, British Columbia | Oak Bay, British Columbia | ||||||
VICTORIA | |||||||
Strait of Juan de Fuca & Port Angeles |
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