معلم سياحي

(تم التحويل من Tourist attraction)
Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, is the hub of the Broadway theater district and a media center. The intersection also has one of the highest annual attendance rates of any tourist attraction in the world, estimated at 50 million.[1]

A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.

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أنواع المعالم السياحية

Tropical beaches and Balinese culture are attractions that draw tourists to this popular island resort, such as Melasti rituals performed on the beach.
Tourists getting acquainted with the structure of the medieval old town of Porvoo.

Places of natural beauty such as beaches, tropical island resorts, national parks, mountains, deserts and forests, are examples of traditional tourist attractions which people may visit. Cultural tourist attractions can include historical places, sites of significant historic event, monuments, ancient temples, zoos, aquaria, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (such as forts, castles, libraries, former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), theme parks and carnivals, living history museums, public art (sculptures, statues, murals), ethnic enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events. Factory tours, industrial heritage, creative art and crafts workshops are the object of cultural niches like industrial tourism and creative tourism. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks. But sports events such as a soccer game, Formula 1 race or sailing regatta can also attract tourists.

Tourists' expectations when visiting a particular place are related to several features of the chosen destination: culture, architecture, gastronomy, infrastructure, landscape, events, shopping, etc. These features attract people to the destination and contribute to the overall experience of the trip.[2] The ultimate primary purpose of attractions is to attract the customer's attention so that they can come to a specific location and explore the various attractions on vacation. In the travel and tourism industry, attractions therefore play a particularly important role as this attracts tourists from all over the world.[3][4][5]

Tourist attractions are also created to capitalize on legends such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ethnic communities may become tourist attractions, such as Chinatowns in the United States and the black British neighborhood of Brixton in London, England. Tourists also look for special local culinary experiences such as street kitchens in Asian metropolises[6] or the coffeehouse culture in Central Europe. In particular, cultural property and the individual places of the UNESCO World Heritage Site have developed into tourist attractions. If too many tourists frequent individual places, this can lead to environmental pollution and resistance from the local population, such as in Barcelona or Venice. With regard to this whole subject, there are already lists of destinations that are not recommended to tourists.[7][8][9][10]

Miramare Castle, Trieste - one of the main tourist attractions in Northern Italy, which is mainly visited by Italians.

There are innumerable lists and reviews of tourist attractions. Visitor statistics, cultural significance, beauty or age are used and these always reflect the author's personal assessments. Sometimes it is particularly emphasized that this particular tourist attraction has not yet been in the focus of the international tourism industry. Some of the sights are internationally known or target the national or local market. Some attractions are reserved for the local population or are rarely advertised because the main traffic routes and main airports are too far away.

Deserts like the Sahara are also tourist attractions.

In the United States, owners and marketers of attractions advertise tourist attractions on billboards along the sides of highways and roadways, especially in remote areas. Tourist attractions often distribute free promotional brochures to be displayed in rest areas, information centers, fast food restaurants, and motel rooms or lobbies.

While some tourist attractions provide visitors a memorable experience for a reasonable admission charge or even for free, others may be of low quality and overprice their goods and services (such as admission, food, and souvenirs) in order to profit excessively from tourists. Such places are commonly known as tourist traps.[11] Within cities, rides on boats and sightseeing buses are sometimes popular.


أمثلة

معالم سياحية من صنع البشر

معالم سياحية طبيعية

معالم سياحية ثقافية

Novelty attractions

انظر أيضاً: Tourist trap

Novelty attractions are oddities such as the "biggest ball of twine" in Cawker City, Kansas, the Corn Palace in Mitchell, South Dakota, or Carhenge in Alliance, Nebraska, where old cars serve in the place of stones in a replica of Stonehenge. Novelty attractions are not limited to the American Midwest, but are part of Midwestern culture.[12]

Tourist destination

A tourist destination is a city, town, or other area that is significantly dependent on revenues from tourism, or "a country, state, region, city, or town which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit".[13] It may contain one or more tourist attractions and possibly some "tourist traps". Fátima town, for example, is a popular tourist destination in Portugal. Siem Reap town is a popular tourist destination in Cambodia, mainly owing to its proximity to the Angkor temples. The Loire valley, the third tourist destination in France, is a good example of a region marketed and branded as a place for tourists to visit, mainly known for its Châteaux of the Loire valley.

A tropical island resort is an island or archipelago that depends on tourism as its source of revenue. The Bahamas in the Caribbean, Bali in Indonesia, Phuket in Thailand, Hawaii in the United States, Fiji in the Pacific, and Santorini and Ibiza in the Mediterranean are examples of popular island resorts.

France, the United States, and Spain were the three most popular international destinations in 2017. The total number of international travelers arriving in those countries was about 234 million,[14] contributing 8.9%, 7.7%, and 14.9%, respectively, to the total GDP of those countries.[15]

Although some years back, Africa was lean on tourism, the continent is currently regarded as the second fastest growing tourism region with over 67 million tourists visits to Africa in 2018. Ethiopia, with a growth rate of 48.6% in 2018, is at the top of the list of African tourist centers.[16] Other tourist locations in Africa include Cape Town, South Africa, Giza Necropolis, Egypt, The Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe and Zambia.[17]

From the tourism industry supply perspective, a destination is usually defined by a geo-political boundary, and destination marketing is most commonly funded by governments. From the traveler perspective, a destination might be perceived quite differently.[18][19][20]

Economic impact and protection

Tourism generates substantial economic benefits for both host countries and tourists' home countries. Especially in developing countries, one of the primary motivations for a region to promote itself as a tourism destination is the expected economic benefit. According to the World Tourism Organization, 698 million people travelled to a foreign country in 2000, spending more than US$478 billion. International tourism receipts combined with passenger transport currently total more than US$575 billion – making tourism the world's number one export earner.[21]

Tourist attractions can:

  • contribute to government revenues; direct contributions are generated by taxes on incomes from tourism employment and tourism businesses, and by direct levies on tourists, such as departure taxes
  • provide employment
  • support conservation of habitats, species and historic sites
  • stimulate infrastructure investment
  • contribute to local economies
  • provide foreign currency earnings

In the event of war, many tourist attractions are a special goal in order to cause lasting damage to the enemy or to finance the war. International attempts are therefore made to protect and preserve these economic and cultural foundations of a community, city or country. There is intensive cooperation between the United Nations, UNESCO and Blue Shield International on the protection of cultural goods and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. However, cooperation between organizations and state authorities is not enough to prevent destruction, robbery and looting. The founding president of Blue Shield International Karl von Habsburg summed it up with the words: “Without the local community and without the local participants, that would be completely impossible”.[22][23][24]

See also

المصادر

  1. ^ Shields, Ann (November 10, 2014). "The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions – No. 3: Times Square, New York City – Annual Visitors: 50,000,000". Travel+Leisure. Retrieved July 12, 2015. No. 3 Times Square,...No. 4 (tie) Central Park,...No. 10 Grand Central Terminal, New York City
  2. ^ Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona "What most attracts us to a tourist destination? Attractions, culture and gastronomy" April 8, 2019.
  3. ^ Burkhard Schnepel, Felix Girke, Eva-Maria Knoll: Kultur all inclusive. Identität, Tradition und Kulturerbe im Zeitalter des Massentourismus. (2013)
  4. ^ Steven Pike, "Destination Marketing Essentials", Oxford, (2016).
  5. ^ Rolf Hochreiter/Ulrich Arndt, Die Tourismusindustrie: Eine Markt- und Wettbewerbsanalayse, (1978), p. 111.
  6. ^ See: Françoise Hauser "Reisen: Singapurs Streetfood ist Weltkulturerbe zum Essen" In: Die Welt, 25.01.2021.
  7. ^ Hannah Ellis-Petersen: Thailand bay made famous by The Beach closed indefinitely. In: The Guardian. 3. Oktober 2018.
  8. ^ Thomas Urban "Barcelona geht gegen den Massentourismus an" In: Sueddeutsche Zeitung, 13.2.2018.
  9. ^ Geoff Whitmore "5 Destinations Suffering From Overtourism (And Where To Go Instead)" In: Forbes, 19.11.2019.
  10. ^ "12 destinations travelers might want to avoid in 2018". 22 January 2018. Archived from the original on 2023-01-08. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  11. ^ "Definition of TOURIST TRAP". www.merriam-webster.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  12. ^ "A Golden Gate Fantasy on the Kansas Prairie" Archived 2021-03-22 at the Wayback Machine article by A.G. Suleberger in The New York Times September 15, 2010, accessed September 16, 2010
  13. ^ Beirman, David (2003). Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis: A Strategic Marketing Approach. CABI Publishing. ISBN 9781865089119. island.
  14. ^ "10 Most Visited Countries In The World". WorldAtlas (in الإنجليزية). 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  15. ^ "Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP (% of GDP) by countries, 2017 - knoema.com". Knoema (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  16. ^ "Africa's tourism industry is now the second fastest growing in the world". Quartz Africa. 28 September 2019.
  17. ^ "What are the Main Tourist Attractions in Africa?". Africa Wanderlust. 14 December 2019.
  18. ^ Pike, Steven; Page, Stephen (2014). "Destination marketing organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature". Tourism Management. 41: 202–207. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.009. hdl:2299/20103. S2CID 154532664.
  19. ^ Saraniemi, S; Kylanen, M (2011). "Problemizing the concept of tourist destination: An analysis of different theoretical approaches". Journal of Travel Research. 50 (2): 133. doi:10.1177/0047287510362775. S2CID 155007461.
  20. ^ Pike, Steven (2016). Destination Marketing Essentials (Second ed.). Oxford: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-91290-8.
  21. ^ "Economic impact of tourism". 2012-07-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ "Action plan to preserve heritage sites during conflict - UNITED NATIONS, 12 Apr 2019". Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Austrian Armed Forces Mission in Lebanon" (in الألمانية). 28 April 2019.
  24. ^ Rick Szostak: The Causes of Economic Growth: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media, 2009, ISBN 9783540922827.

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Attractions.


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