كانجي
الكانجي 漢字 هي الجزء الأصعب من اللغة اليابانية . وخاصة للأجانب عليها. وهي من أصل صيني. إستوردت في القرن الخامس الميلادي. فيمكن تعريفها بأنها مقاطع كتابية استوردها اليابانيون من الصين في القرن الخامس لأن اللغة اليابانية كانت لغة صوتية لكنهم اخذوا مقاطع الكانجي وانشؤا لهم نظام كتابي ويمكننا القول بأن الكانجي هو الكتابة التي تستخدم الرسوم الصينية التقليدية الأصلية المسماة -كا ذكرنا سابقاً- بالكانجي .
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| الكتابة اليابانية |
|---|
| المكونات |
| الاستخدامات |
| الترجمة اللفظية |
| Kanji | |
|---|---|
| النوع | |
| اللغات | Old Japanese, Japanese |
النظم الوالدة | |
النظم الشقيقة | Hanja, Zhuyin, traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, Nom, Khitan script, Jurchen script |
| الاتجاه | Left-to-right |
| ISO 15924 | Hani, 500 |
مرادف اليونيكود | Han |
مثال على ذلك/ " 青 " ويعني " أزرق " ويقرأ/ " あお "
وأيضا / " 青空 " ويعني " سماء زرقاء " ويقرأ / " あおぞら "
ومن المقاطع ايضا / " 駅 " وتقرأ/ " えき " وتعني / " محطة قطار "
ويبلغ عدد مقاطع الكانجي تقريبا تسعة الأف ولكن المستخدم منها فعليا ثلاثة الاف فقط.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See also
- Japanese writing system
- List of kanji by concept
- List of kanji by stroke count
- Braille kanji
- Han unification
- Han-Nom (Vietnamese equivalent)
- Hanja (Korean equivalent)
- Japanese script reform
- Japanese typefaces (shotai)
- Kanji of the year
- POP (Point of Purchase typeface)
- Radical (Chinese character)
- Stroke order
- Table of kanji radicals
Notes
References
- DeFrancis, John (1990). The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1068-6.
- Hadamitzky, W., and Spahn, M., (1981) Kanji and Kana, Boston: Tuttle.
- Hannas, William. C. (1997). Asia's Orthographic Dilemma. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1892-X (paperback); ISBN 0-8248-1842-3 (hardcover).
- Kaiser, Stephen (1991). Introduction to the Japanese Writing System. In Kodansha's Compact Kanji Guide. Tokyo: Kondansha International. ISBN 4-7700-1553-4.
- Miyake, Marc Hideo (2003). Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction. New York, London: RoutledgeCurzon.
- Morohashi, Tetsuji. 大漢和辞典 Dai Kan-Wa Jiten (Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary) 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan
- Mitamura, Joyce Yumi and Mitamura, Yasuko Kosaka (1997). Let's Learn Kanji. Tokyo: Kondansha International. ISBN 4-7700-2068-6.
- Unger, J. Marshall (1996). Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan: Reading Between the Lines. ISBN 0-19-510166-9
وصلات خارجية
- Kanshudo — integrated system for finding and learning kanji, Japanese vocab and grammar, with multiple ways to search, 3500+ mnemonics, free flashcards and lessons
- Japanese - A free Japanese-English dictionary with flashcard study features for iOS and Android
- Kanji-Trainer Free flashcard learning tool with mnemonic phrases for each character
- JLearn Find Kanji by radical, readings or meanings and see how to draw it. Common words that contain it are also shown
- Learning Kanji, an animated application for the 1st Grade Kanji.
- Kanji Dictionary online Free Kanji Dictionary
- Jim Breen's WWWJDIC server used to find Kanji from English or romanized Japanese
- RomajiDesu Kanji Dictionary a comprehensive Kanji dictionary with strokes order and various lookup methods.
- KanjiQ – Kanji flashcard tool that runs on mobile phones.
- JISHOP – Japanese-English computer kanji dictionary
- KanjiLearn – Electronic set of 2135 two-sided kanji flashcards, as easy to use as paper flashcards.
- Convert Kanji to Romaji, Hiragana—Converts Kanji and websites to forms that are easy to read and gives a word by word translation
- Tangorin—Find kanji fast by selecting their elements
- Learn Japanese Kanji—How to write Kanji in Japanese
- Drill the kanji—online Java tool (Asahi-net)
- Kanji Alive—Online kanji learning tool in wide use at many universities, colleges and high-schools.
- Real Kanji—Practice kanji using different typefaces.
- Change in Script Usage in Japanese: A Longitudinal Study of Japanese Government White Papers on Labor, discussion paper by Takako Tomoda in the Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies, August 19, 2005.
- Genetic Kanji, etymologically organized lists for learning kanji.
- Kanji Networks, a kanji etymology dictionary
- Japanese Kanji Dictionary—Each character is presented by a grade, stroke count, stroke order, phonetic reading and native Japanese reading. You can also listen to the pronunciation.
- WWWJDIC Text Translator—Takes Japanese text and returns each word with pronunciation (hiragana) and a translation in English.
- JavaDiKt — Open source kanji dictionary for desktop
- Daoulagad Han — Mobile OCR kanji dictionary, OCR interface to the UniHan database
- Denshi Jisho — Online Japanese dictionary
- GSF Jouyou Kanji — organized list of kanji which takes into account both grade, stroke count and frequency