قائمة أكبر المباني

Buildings around the world listed by usable space (volume), footprint (area), and floor space (area) comprise single structures that are suitable for continuous human occupancy. There are, however, some exceptions, including factories and warehouses.

The Aerium near Berlin, Germany is the largest uninterrupted volume in the world, while Boeing's factory in Everett, Washington, United States is the world's largest building by volume. The AvtoVAZ main assembly building in Tolyatti, Russia is the largest building in area footprint. The Yiwu International Trade City in Yiwu, China is the largest building in terms of total floor area.[1] Due to the incomplete nature of this list, buildings are not ranked.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Largest usable volume

Buildings around the world with the largest usable space, sorted by volume, having a volume of at least 1,000,000 m3 (35,000,000 cu ft):

Name Country and territory Built Place Floor area Volume Description Source
Boeing Everett Factory  الولايات المتحدة 1967 Everett, Washington 398,000 m2 (4,280,000 sq ft) 13.3 million m3 (472 million cu ft) Boeing's assembly site for a selection of the company's largest aircraft, originally built for construction of the 747. [2]
Giga Texas  الولايات المتحدة 2022 Austin, Texas 929,000 m2 (10,000,000 sq ft) 9.57 million m3 (338 million cu ft) Tesla's Gigafactory Giga Texas is approximately 15 city blocks long with a length of 1,166 m (3,825 ft). [3][4]
Jean-Luc Lagardère Plant  فرنسا Toulouse-Blagnac 122,500 m2 (1,319,000 sq ft) 5.6 million m3 (199 million cu ft) The assembly hall of the Airbus A380, the world's largest airliner. [5]
Aerium  ألمانيا 1999–2000 Halbe, Brandenburg 70,000 m2 (750,000 sq ft) 5.2 million m3 (184 million cu ft) A hangar originally intended to house the construction of a giant airship, this building now houses the indoor theme park Tropical Islands Resort. [6]
Meyer Werft Dockhalle 2  ألمانيا Papenburg, Niedersachsen 63,000 m2 (680,000 sq ft) 4.72 million m3 (167 million cu ft) Dry dock for construction of cruise ships. [7]
Boeing Composite Wing Center  الولايات المتحدة 2014–2016[8] Everett, Washington 111,500 m2 (1,200,000 sq ft) 3.7 million m3 (131 million cu ft) Boeing's assembly site for the production of composite wings for the 777-8 and 777-9. [9]
Inex Sipoo  فنلندا 2018 Sipoo 216,936 m2 (2,335,080 sq ft) 3.668 million m3 (130 million cu ft) Large grocery distribution center, completed in 2018. Expansion to the distribution center completed in 2020. [10][11]
NASA Vehicle Assembly Building  الولايات المتحدة 1966 Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32,374 m2 (348,470 sq ft) 3.66 million m3 (130 million cu ft) Originally built to enable simultaneous assembly and shelter for four Saturn V rockets. [12]
The O2 Arena  المملكة المتحدة 1999 London 104,634 m2 (1,126,270 sq ft) 2.79 million m3 (98.6 million cu ft) Originally the Millennium Dome designed for London's millennium celebrations and since converted into an entertainment centre. [13]
The Palace of Parliament  رومانيا 1984-1997 Bucharest 365,000 m2 (3,930,000 sq ft) 2.55 million m3 (90 million cu ft) Heaviest building in the world; accommodating the two houses of the Parliament of Romania: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, along with three museums and an international conference center. [2-b]
Tesco Donabate Distribution Centre  أيرلندا 2007 Donabate, Fingal 80,194 m2 (863,200 sq ft) 1.55 million m3 (54.83 million cu ft) Large dry grocery distribution center near Dublin. Opened in 2007 at a cost of €70 million. [14][15][16][17]
Target Import Warehouse  الولايات المتحدة 2006 Savannah, Georgia 187,664 m2 (2,020,000 sq ft) 1.5 million m3 (52.97 million cu ft) Built to distribute imported product to internal Target distribution centers.
Austal USA (Module Manufacturing Facility)  الولايات المتحدة Mobile, Alabama 68,250 m2 (734,600 sq ft) 1.365 million m3 (48.204 million cu ft) The facility is capable of constructing six large aluminium vessels such as the US Navy's Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) and/or Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) per year. [18]
Bielefeld University (main building)  ألمانيا Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia 138,500 m2 (1,491,000 sq ft) 1.2 million m3 (42.378 million cu ft) Modernist university building (built 1970–1976) aspiring to bring all faculties together into one huge building. [19][20]
Hanover Fairground (Halls 3–9)  ألمانيا Hannover, Niedersachsen 114,535 m2 (1,232,840 sq ft) 1.15 million m3 (40.612 million cu ft) Largest exhibition ground in the world with 27 halls. Halls 1–2 and 10–27 are in separate adjacent buildings.
National Exhibition Centre (Halls 1–5)  المملكة المتحدة Solihull, West Midlands 186,000 m2 (2,000,000 sq ft) 1.14 million m3 (40.259 million cu ft) Large exhibition centre southeast of Birmingham. Halls 6–20 are in a separate building. [21]
2800 Polar Way  الولايات المتحدة 2015 Richland, Washington 46,929 m2 (505,140 sq ft) 1.029 million m3 (36.241 million cu ft) Built-to-suit by Holliday Fenoglio Fowler (HFF)[22] and constructed by Victory Unlimited Construction[23] for Preferred Freezer Services[24] as the world's largest refrigerated warehouse, 35 m (115 ft),[25] and largest automated freezer.[23] [22][23][24][25][26][27]
[28][29]
Hangar One  الولايات المتحدة 1933 Moffett Federal Airfield, Mountain View, California 32,375 m2 (348,480 sq ft) 1 million m3 (35 million cu ft) A naval airship hangar opened in 1933 as the hangar for the rigid airship يوإس‌إس Macon (ZRS-5). The hangar measures 345 m (1,132 ft) long, 94 m (308 ft) wide, with a peak of 60 m (200 ft) high. [30]


Largest floor area

New Century Global Center in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
Concourse B, part of Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport
Berjaya Times Square, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The Pentagon
The Renaissance Center in Detroit
CentralWorld, Bangkok, Thailand
Ōsaka Station City
The Venetian Macao

Buildings with the largest usable floor area including multiple stories of at least 400,000 m2 (4,300,000 sq ft):

Name Country and territory Place Floor area Notes
New Century Global Center  الصين Chengdu 1,760,000 m2 (18,900,000 sq ft) [31][32] "home to several hotels, a skating rink, a university and a water park with its artificial beach measuring 5,000 square meters"[33]
Dubai International Airport Terminal 3  الإمارات العربية المتحدة Dubai 1,713,000 m2 (18,440,000 sq ft) Three buildings connected by tunnels.[1] "The baggage handling system used in the terminal is the biggest in the world and consists of 0.62-mile conveyor belts and 21 screening points."[33]
Abraj Al Bait Endowment  السعودية Mecca 1,575,815 m2 (16,961,930 sq ft) [34] "The building is both the tallest and the largest in Saudi Arabia with a height of 1906 feet and a 16.9 million square feet floor area ... "[33] It's the third-tallest building and fifth-tallest freestanding structure in the world.
Istanbul Airport Main Terminal  تركيا Istanbul 1,440,000 m2 (15,500,000 sq ft) Largest airport terminal under a single roof [35]
Iran Mall  إيران Tehran > 1,400,000 m2 (15,000,000 sq ft) World's Largest Mall
Frankfurt Airport Terminal 1  ألمانيا Frankfurt > 1,300,000 m2 (14,000,000 sq ft) [36]
CentralWorld  تايلند Bangkok 1,024,000 m2 (11,020,000 sq ft) [بحاجة لمصدر]
Aalsmeer Flower Auction  هولندا Aalsmeer 990,000 m2 (10,700,000 sq ft) [37]
Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3  الصين Beijing 986,000 m2 (10,610,000 sq ft) Three buildings connected by train.[38]
The Venetian Macao  مكاو Macau 980,000 m2 (10,500,000 sq ft) Largest casino in the world.[39]
Giga Texas  الولايات المتحدة Austin, Texas 929,000 m2 (10,000,000 sq ft) [4]
Sands Cotai Central  مكاو Macau 890,000 m2 (9,600,000 sq ft) [40]
King Abdulaziz International Airport Terminal 1  السعودية Jeddah 810,000 m2 (8,700,000 sq ft) [41]
Ciputra World Surabaya  إندونيسيا Surabaya 750,000 m2 (8,100,000 sq ft) [42]
Beijing Daxing International Airport Terminal  الصين Beijing 700,000 m2 (7,500,000 sq ft) [43]
Berjaya Times Square  ماليزيا Kuala Lumpur 700,000 m2 (7,500,000 sq ft) [44]
Central Park Jakarta Complex  إندونيسيا Jakarta 660,000 m2 (7,100,000 sq ft) [45]
Perpa Trade Center  تركيا Istanbul 660,000 m2 (7,100,000 sq ft) [46]
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2  الصين Guangzhou 658,700 m2 (7,090,000 sq ft) [47]
Kemang Village  إندونيسيا Jakarta 650,000 m2 (7,000,000 sq ft) [48]
Gandaria City  إندونيسيا Jakarta 650,000 m2 (7,000,000 sq ft) [49]
The Palazzo  الولايات المتحدة Paradise, Nevada 645,581 m2 (6,948,980 sq ft) [50]
Grand Indonesia  إندونيسيا Jakarta 640,000 m2 (6,900,000 sq ft) [بحاجة لمصدر]
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Satellite Concourse  الصين Shanghai 622,000 m2 (6,700,000 sq ft) World's largest stand-alone satellite terminal [51]
The Pentagon  الولايات المتحدة Arlington County, Virginia 610,000 m2 (6,600,000 sq ft) [52][53]
K-25  الولايات المتحدة Oak Ridge, Tennessee 609,000 m2 (6,560,000 sq ft) Demolished in 2013.[54]
United States Air Force Plant 4  الولايات المتحدة Fort Worth, Texas 603,870 m2 (6,500,000 sq ft) [55]
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol  هولندا Amsterdam 650,000 m2 (7,000,000 sq ft) [56]
Hamad International Airport  قطر Doha 600,000 m2 (6,500,000 sq ft) [57]
Ciputra World 1 Complex  إندونيسيا Jakarta 583,000 m2 (6,280,000 sq ft) [58]
Marina Bay Sands  سنغافورة Singapore 581,400 m2 (6,258,000 sq ft) [59]
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower  ڤيتنام Hanoi 580,000 m2 (6,200,000 sq ft) [بحاجة لمصدر]
Hong Kong International Airport Terminal 1  هونگ كونگ Chek Lap Kok 570,000 m2 (6,100,000 sq ft) [60]
Suvarnabhumi Airport  تايلند Samut Prakan 563,000 m2 (6,060,000 sq ft) [61]
ATL Logistics Centre, Centre B  هونگ كونگ New Territories 550,000 m2 (5,900,000 sq ft) [62]
Kunming Changshui International Airport  الصين Kunming 548,300 m2 (5,902,000 sq ft) [63]
Barcelona Airport Terminal 1  إسپانيا Barcelona 544,000 m2 (5,860,000 sq ft) [64]
Warren G. Magnuson Health Sciences Center  الولايات المتحدة Seattle, Washington 533,000 m2 (5,740,000 sq ft)
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport Terminal 3A  الصين Chongqing 530,000 m2 (5,700,000 sq ft) [65]
Osaka Station City[بحاجة لمصدر]  اليابان Umeda, Osaka 530,000 m2 (5,700,000 sq ft) [بحاجة لمصدر]
Tesla Factory  الولايات المتحدة Fremont, California 511,000 m2 (5,500,000 sq ft) [66]
Indira Gandhi International Airport Terminal 3  الهند Delhi 502,000 m2 (5,400,000 sq ft) [67]
Siam Paragon  تايلند Bangkok 500,000 m2 (5,400,000 sq ft) [68][نشر ذاتي سطري]
Incheon International Airport Terminal 1  كوريا الجنوبية Seoul 496,000 m2 (5,340,000 sq ft) [69]
Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center  الولايات المتحدة Auburn Hills, Michigan 490,000 m2 (5,300,000 sq ft) [70]
Frankfurt Airport Terminal 2  ألمانيا Frankfurt 476,000 m2 (5,120,000 sq ft) [71]
Barajas Airport Terminal 4 main building  إسپانيا Madrid 470,000 m2 (5,100,000 sq ft) [72]
Azabudai Hills Main Tower  اليابان Tokyo 461,395 m2 (4,966,410 sq ft) The largest skyscraper by floor area in Japan and the world, the tallest building in Japan and the third tallest building in East Asia with the height of 325.2 m (1,067 ft).
Ping An Finance Center  الصين Shenzhen 459,187 m2 (4,942,650 sq ft) The second largest skyscraper by floor area in the world, the second tallest building in China, the fourth tallest building in Asia and the fourth tallest building in the world, with the height of 599.1 m (1,966 ft).
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport Terminal 3  الصين Shenzhen 459,000 m2 (4,940,000 sq ft) [73]
Tesla Giga Nevada  الولايات المتحدة Storey County, Nevada 455,000 m2 (4.9 million sq ft) Also known as Gigafactory 1.[74]
The Exchange 106  ماليزيا Kuala Lumpur 453,853 m2 (4,885,230 sq ft) The largest skyscraper by floor area in Malaysia, the third tallest building in Malaysia, the fourth tallest building in Southeast Asia and the 23rd tallest building in the world, with the height of 445.5 m (1,462 ft).
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Terminal 2  الهند Mumbai 450,000 m2 (4,800,000 sq ft) [75]
Persian Gulf Complex (فارسية: مجتمع خلیج فارس, mojtama'e Khalij-e Fars)  إيران Shiraz 444,000 m2 (4,780,000 sq ft) [76]
Narita International Airport Terminal 1  اليابان Narita 440,000 m2 (4,700,000 sq ft) [77]
Renaissance Center  الولايات المتحدة Detroit, Michigan 434,000 m2 (4,670,000 sq ft) Five connected towers[78][79]
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Terminal 3  إندونيسيا Tangerang 422,804 m2 (4,551,020 sq ft) [80]
Mid Valley Megamall  ماليزيا Kuala Lumpur 420,000 m2 (4,500,000 sq ft) [81]
Willis Tower  الولايات المتحدة Chicago, Illinois 418,000 m2 (4,500,000 sq ft) [82]
USAA McDermott Building  الولايات المتحدة San Antonio, Texas 414,642 m2 (4,463,170 sq ft) [83]
Taipei 101  تايوان Taipei 412,500 m2 (4,440,000 sq ft) [84]
Nagoya Station  اليابان Nagoya 410,000 m2 (4,400,000 sq ft) [85]
Boeing Plant  الولايات المتحدة Everett, Washington 398,000 m2 (4,280,000 sq ft) Value is footprint; floor space is greater.[2]
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport  الهند Hyderabad 376,684.53 m2 (4,054,598.5 sq ft)


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Special categories

Other buildings which are the largest of their type:

Type of building Name Country and territory Place Floor area Volume
Department store Shinsegae Centum City[86]  كوريا الجنوبية Busan 509,810 m2 (5,487,500 sq ft)
Industrial building Boeing Everett Factory  الولايات المتحدة Everett, Washington 398,000 m2 (4.3 million sq ft) 13.3 million m3 (472 million cubic ft)
Legislature building Sappaya-Sapasathan[87]  تايلند Bangkok 424,000 m2 (4,560,000 sq ft)
Skyscraper Azabudai Hills Main Tower  اليابان Tokyo 461,395 m2 (4,966,410 sq ft)
Bus depot Millennium Park Bus Depot  الهند Delhi 305,265 m2 (3.6 million sq ft)
Courthouse Istanbul Justice Palace  تركيا Istanbul 300,000 m2 (3.0 million sq ft)
Bus terminal Tel Aviv Central Bus Station  إسرائيل Tel Aviv 230,000 m2 (2.5 million sq ft)
Museum Louvre Museum  فرنسا Paris 210,000 m2 (2,260,421 sq ft)
Current residence Presidential Complex  تركيا Ankara 200,020 m2 (2,152,997 sq ft)
Current royal residence Istana Nurul Iman  بروناي Bandar Seri Begawan 200,000 m2 (2,152,782 sq ft)
Royal palace Royal Palace of Caserta  إيطاليا Caserta 235,000 m2 (2,529,519 sq ft) 2 million m3 (70 million cu ft)
Shipbuilding hall Meyer Werft Dockhalle 2  ألمانيا Papenburg, Niedersachsen 63,000 m2 (678,000 sq ft) 4.72 million m3 (167 million cu ft)
Hemispherical building Jeddah Super Dome[88]  السعودية Jeddah 39,800 m2 ( 428,404 sq ft)

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب "Dubai Airports Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 2 يوليو 2015.
  2. ^ أ ب "Boeing Everett Factory Tours". Boeing. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010.
  3. ^ "Elon Musk says 194 billion hamsters can fit inside Tesla's new Gigafactory in Texas, which is as big as 3 Pentagons". Business Insider.
  4. ^ أ ب "Cyber Rodeo at Giga Texas". YouTube (in الإنجليزية). April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
  5. ^ Agglomeration community of Greater Toulouse. "Inauguration du site AéroConstellation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
  6. ^ "Germany's Pleasure Dome". Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
  7. ^ Emslandkurier am Sonntag für Papenburg, 2 December 2007, Page 1
  8. ^ "Hoffman Construction — Boeing 777X Composite Wing Center (Building 40-58)". www.hoffmancorp.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  9. ^ "Boeing: 777X Composite Wing Center's outer shell complete". www.boeing.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Sipoon logistiikkakeskus". skanska.fi. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
  11. ^ Työmaan liittäminen käytössä olevaan logistiikkaterminaaliin Archived 21 أكتوبر 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Vehicle Assembly Building". Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
  13. ^ "Millennium Dome". Design Book Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  14. ^ Tesco Distribution Centre Archived 24 مارس 2012 at the Wayback Machine TPE Consulting Engineers
  15. ^ Tesco Distribution Centre Archived 24 أبريل 2012 at the Wayback Machine PUNCH Consulting Engineers
  16. ^ Tesco Distribution Centre Archived 9 أكتوبر 2013 at the Wayback Machine Mannings
  17. ^ Tesco Distribution Centre Archived 30 أبريل 2012 at the Wayback Machine Euromech
  18. ^ "Production Facilities :: About Austal :: Us :: Austal". Archived from the original on 3 مايو 2015. Retrieved 13 فبراير 2015. Austal USA
  19. ^ [1] Simon, Zwei Welten, ein Leben: Vom Eifelkind zum Global Player, 2018 (likely derivative from Wikipedia)
  20. ^ [2] Deutsche Bauzeitung 1972, 714
  21. ^ Halls 1–5 Factsheet Archived 16 فبراير 2010 at the Wayback Machine National Exhibition Centre
  22. ^ أ ب Dolce, Natalie. "$110M Goes to Fund Warehouse Buy". globest.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  23. ^ أ ب ت Folsom, Geoff (February 23, 2015). "North America's largest freezer nearing completion in north Richland". Tri-City Herald. Kennewick, WA. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  24. ^ أ ب Murray, Barbra (22 January 2016). "Mammoth Refrigerated Warehouse Lands a Cool Deal". commercialsearch.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  25. ^ أ ب "Surface Transportation Board Decision". City of Richland. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  26. ^ "HFF Arranges $110 Million Acquisition Financing for the Largest Refrigerated Warehouse in North America". Business Wire. 20 January 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  27. ^ "Facility Newest facility in Richland, Washington will utilize advanced automation". Global Cold Chain Alliance. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  28. ^ "Mammoth Refrigerated Warehouse Lands a Cool Deal". Commercial Property Executive. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  29. ^ "Watch Live as Massive Freezer is Built in Richland" (PDF). KVEW. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  30. ^ "Hangar One". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  31. ^ "New Century Global Center [High-tech Zone, South Extension] Chengdu Tianfu Avenue North, 1700". Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  32. ^ "A video of the world's largest building: the Chengdu New Century Global Center". Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  33. ^ أ ب ت "The Largest Buildings in the World". WorldAtlas (in الإنجليزية). 24 April 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  34. ^ "Abraj Al-Bait Endowment". Archived from the original on 8 يوليو 2013.
  35. ^ "Istanbul Airport: From mere concept to international mega-hub". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 10 أبريل 2019.
  36. ^ https://www.fraport.de/content/fraport/de/unternehmen/newsroom/fraporter/flughafenbetrieb/wie-heizt-man-eigentlich-einen-flughafen-.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ^ "Aalsmeer Information". Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  38. ^ "Terminal 3 Beijing Capital International Airport". Archived from the original on 10 يناير 2020. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  39. ^ "HKIE exhibition overview". Archived from the original on 7 أكتوبر 2008. Retrieved 30 يناير 2008.
  40. ^ "Sands Cotai land costs MOP1.87 billion". Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  41. ^ "First look of Jeddah's new airport terminal". 14 ديسمبر 2019. Archived from the original on 14 ديسمبر 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  42. ^ "Superblok Seluas 75 Hektar Bakal Berdiri di Surabaya". Kompas. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  43. ^ "Beijing Daxing International Airport". Archived from the original on 10 أكتوبر 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  44. ^ "VINCI Construction Grands: Berjaya Times Square". VINCI Construction. Archived from the original on 3 مارس 2016. Retrieved 7 نوفمبر 2015.
  45. ^ "Podomoro City". Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  46. ^ Teknolojileri, Nar Bilişim. "About Perpa". www.perpa.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  47. ^ "Terminal 2, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, China". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2018. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  48. ^ "Kemang Village". Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  49. ^ "Ini 8 Proyek Jumbo yang Menjadi Pusat Perhatian Publik". Kompas. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  50. ^ "Palazzo Opens in Las Vegas". Archived from the original on 17 مايو 2008.
  51. ^ "Shanghai Pudong Airport to open 'World's largest Satellite terminal' on September 16". Archived from the original on 2 سبتمبر 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  52. ^ "The History of the Pentagon Building Features". Washington Headquarters Services website. US Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  53. ^ "Pentagon facts and figures". Archived from the original on 8 February 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
  54. ^ "K-25 'West Wing' demolished". Archived from the original on 7 أغسطس 2011.
  55. ^ "GlobalSecurity.org". Archived from the original on 13 June 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  56. ^ "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol non-aeronautical activities (PDF)" (PDF). Retrieved 6 February 2014.[dead link]
  57. ^ "A Dazzling New Hub in the Middle East". HOK. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  58. ^ "Ciputra World Jakarta 1 Complex". Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  59. ^ "Safdie Architects – Marina Bay Sands in Singapore". Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
  60. ^ "Hong Kong International Airport". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  61. ^ "Suvarnabhumi Airport fact sheet". Archived from the original on 18 مارس 2008. Retrieved 7 مارس 2008.
  62. ^ "Asia Terminals Ltd Logistics Centre". Archived from the original on 28 فبراير 2008. Retrieved 30 يناير 2008.
  63. ^ "Fourth largest airport in China". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  64. ^ "Barcelona Airport: The Terminal 1 Building". Archived from the original on 10 يناير 2020. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  65. ^ "Chongqing Jiangbei Airport T3A Terminal's construction completion has been inspected and accepted". Archived from the original on 29 أبريل 2017. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  66. ^ "Tesla Inc. 2017 Annual Report (10-K)".
  67. ^ "IGIA Master Plan". Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  68. ^ Brown, B. Burnett (2013). Thailand Destinations: Tips, Insights and Helpful Information. Xlibris Corporation LLC. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-48-365554-3.قالب:Self-published source
  69. ^ "Incheon International Airport". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  70. ^ Priddle, Alisa (12 May 2009).Chrysler's tech center called a 'good asset'. The Detroit News. Retrieved on 28 June 2009.
  71. ^ "Objekt: Flughafen Frankfurt â Terminal 2 - LBP".
  72. ^ "Madrid Barajas International Airport". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  73. ^ "An iconic gateway to China with a capacity of 45 million passengers a year". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  74. ^ Lambert, Fred (4 January 2017). "Tesla Gigafactory: new aerial pictures of the expansion at the battery factory – January 2017". electrek.co. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  75. ^ "Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport". Archived from the original on 10 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 18 مايو 2020.
  76. ^ "Persian Gulf Complex (Mojtama'e Khalij Fars)". Archived from the original on 25 سبتمبر 2011. Retrieved 23 يونيو 2011.
  77. ^ "Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Civil Aviation Bureau". Archived from the original on 30 December 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  78. ^ GM Renaissance Center – Project Facts Archived 23 أغسطس 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Skidmore Ownings & Merrill. Retrieved on 21 August 2009.
  79. ^ "GM Renaissance Center". Hines. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2008.
  80. ^ "Soekarno-Hatta Terminal 3 Ultimate to Operate in May 2016".
  81. ^ "Mid Valley Megamall – IGB REIT". IGB Corporation Berhad. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  82. ^ "Sears tower at skyscraper page". Archived from the original on 15 November 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2008. |
  83. ^ "ENERGY STAR Labeled Building Profile". Archived from the original on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  84. ^ "Taipei 101, Taipei". Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  85. ^ "Nagoya Station". Gojapango.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  86. ^ "Destination: Shinsegae Centum City (the largest department store in the world – Busan) | Koreabridge". koreabridge.net. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  87. ^ "Eight years and billions of baht later, world's largest Parliament opens in Thailand amid controversy". Retrieved 26 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  88. ^ Technologies, Mano. "Jeddah Super Dome - The Largest Dome In The World | Saudi Arabia | Arab Local". Arablocal (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-10-11.
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=قائمة_أكبر_المباني&oldid=2929664"