سارت
سارت
Sarthe | |
---|---|
الإحداثيات: 48°17′N 0°13′E / 48.283°N 0.217°E | |
Country | France |
Region | Pays de la Loire |
Prefecture | Le Mans |
Subprefectures | La Flèche Mamers |
الحكومة | |
• President of the Departmental Council | Dominique Le Mèner[1] |
المساحة | |
• الإجمالي | 6٬206 كم² (2٬396 ميل²) |
التعداد (يناير 2019) | |
• الإجمالي | 566٬412 |
• الترتيب | 46th |
• الكثافة | 91/km2 (240/sq mi) |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Department number | 72 |
Arrondissements | 3 |
Cantons | 21 |
Communes | 354 |
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 |
سارت ( Sarthe ؛ fr) هو أحد أقاليم فرنسا، في منطقة Pays de la Loire, and the province of Maine, situated in the Grand-Ouest of the country. وسمي بهذا الإسم نسبة لنهر سارت المار خلاله والذي يسري من شرق لو مان إلى الشمال مباشرةً من آنجيه. It had a population of 566,412 in 2019.[2]
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التاريخ
قبل التاريخ والقِدم
Traces of human occupation in Sarthe are quite old. In the Neolithic period , several megaliths were built, such as the dolmen of Pierre couvert de Vaas , that of Lhomme or Duneau 22 . Sarthe has 28 dolmens and 46 menhirs 23 , fourteen of which are now protected as historic monuments 24 . Several Neolithic dwellings have been discovered in the department, such as in Gréez-sur-Roc 25 , Vivoin 26 or Auvers-le-Hamon 27 , as well as polished stone axes in Le Mans.
From the 5th century , a Celtic tribe occupied the current territory of Sarthe: the Aulerci Cenomani 29 . They established their city there, Vindunum , which became Le Mans , as well as the sanctuary of Mars Mullo in Allonnes . Tacitus counted them among those who had invaded Italy before that under the leadership of Bellovese and who settled in the north of the Italian peninsula. During the Gallic Wars , a lieutenant of Julius Caesar , Publius Crassus, subdued the tribe 30 , which joined a few years later in the insurrection led by Vercingetorix . The Aulerci Cenomani thus sent 5,000 men to the army charged with liberating Alesia 31 .
After the conquest of Gaul, the territory of the Cenomanorum was attached to the province of Lyonnaise Gaul , then under Diocletian , the civitas Cenomanorum was integrated into Lyonnaise seconde 31 . Vindunum , which is then mentioned in the form Subdunum on the Peutinger table , was located at the center of an important network of Roman roads to the important cities of the neighboring tribes 32 . These Roman roads led in particular to Chartres ( Autricum ), Châteaudun ( Castellodunum ), Évreux ( Mediolanum ), Jublains ( Noviodunum ), Rennes ( Condate ), Angers ( Juliomagus ), Tours ( Caesarodunum ), Orléans ( Cenabum ) and Vendôme 32 . These roads were lined with post houses and stopover lodges, such as at Cré-sur-Loir , Vaas and Oisseau-le-Petit
التاريخ الحديث
In the late 18th century, before it was officially Sarthe, the nobility built their mansions and chateaux in this region, as an escape from Paris.
The department was created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790, pursuant to the law of 22 December 1789, starting from a part of the province of Maine. The latter was divided into two departments, Sarthe to the east and Mayenne to the west.[3]
In Roman times, this province contained the city of Mans, and many of its ruins are still standing. The Roman Thermal Bathhouse attracts many tourists, as does the Theater of Aubigné-Racan, both located on the outskirts of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine.
Marin Mersenne, perhaps the most important scientific figure in the early 17th century, was born in the vicinity of Sarthe.
الجغرافيا
The department of Sarthe is at the north end of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire. It is south of Normandy and on the southern edge of the Armorican Massif. It is bordered by the departments of Orne, Eure-et-Loir, Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loire, Maine-et-Loire and Mayenne.
The arrival of the railways in 1854 boosted trade for the local economy. A TGV connection was constructed in 1989, connecting the community to high-speed transport. In terms of road connections, the A11 autoroute, which was constructed to Le Mans from the east in 1978, enhances Sarthe's strategic position as the gateway to the French west.
البلدات الرئيسية
The most populous commune is Le Mans, the prefecture. Approximately 370,000 people, comprising 65% of the department's population, live in the Le Mans urban area. The rest of the department retains a rural character, with agriculture as the chief part of the economy. As of 2019, there are 4 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[2]
Commune | Population (2019) |
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Le Mans | 143,847 |
La Flèche | 14,858 |
Sablé-sur-Sarthe | 12,125 |
Allonnes | 11,167 |
السكان
Population development since 1801:
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source:[4][5] |
Politics
The department was the electoral base of former Prime Minister François Fillon, who since 2012 sits in the National Assembly of France for a constituency in central Paris. The president of the Departmental Council is Dominique Le Mèner, elected in 2015.
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Presidential elections 2nd round
Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022[6] | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 55.41 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 44.59 | |
2017[7] | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 63.33 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 36.67 | |
2012 | François Hollande | PS | 52.67 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 47.33 | |
2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.42 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 49.58 | |
2002[7] | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 84.43 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 15.57 | |
1995[8] | Lionel Jospin | PS | 50.79 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 49.21 |
Current National Assembly Representatives
السياحة
Gallo-Roman walls and Cathedral in Le Mans
Stained glass in Le Mans Cathedral
The 24 Hours of Le Mans is the world's oldest continuing sports car race in endurance racing.[10]
Church of La Ferté-Bernard
انظر أيضاً
- Cantons of the Sarthe department
- Communes of the Sarthe department
- Arrondissements of the Sarthe department
- Circuit de la Sarthe Race circuit for car races
- Circuit de la Sarthe (cycling) Annual road cycling race
المصادر
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in الفرنسية). 4 May 2022.
- ^ أ ب Populations légales 2019: 72 Sarthe, INSEE
- ^ "The Sarthe region". Archived from the original on 2016-07-14. Retrieved 2006-05-06.
- ^ "Historique de la Sarthe". Le SPLAF.
- ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
- ^ "Les résultats du second tour de l'élection présidentielle". 19 April 2022.
- ^ أ ب "Présidentielles".
- ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania".
- ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
- ^ "Weekly auto agenda: Le Mans". The Independent. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
وصلات خارجية
- (بالفرنسية) Prefecture
- (بالفرنسية) General Council
- (بالفرنسية) Sarthe information
- (بالفرنسية) Sarthe on Wikitravel