خط زمني لمعمل علوم المريخ

الجوال كريوسيتي فوق المريخ (5 أغسطس 2015)

خط زمني لمعمل علوم المريخ، هو خط زمني لمهمة معمل علوم المريخ وجوالها، كيريوسيتي.

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قبل الإطلاق (2004–11)

Cruise stage is tested in 2010.[1]



اختيار موقع الإبرار

Aeolis Mons rises from the middle of Gale Crater - Green dot marks the Curiosity rover landing site in Aeolis Palus[2][3] - North is down.

الإطلاق (2011)

MSL Launch - November 26, 2011 15:02:00.211 UTC[4]

الإبرار (2012)

  • The Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars (video-03:26; August 6, 2012).[5]

  • Curiosity descending under its parachute (August 6, 2012; MRO/HiRISE).[6]

    Curiosity descending under its parachute (August 6, 2012; MRO/HiRISE).[6]

  • MSL debris field - parachute landed 615 m from Curiosity (3-D: rover & parachute) (August 17, 2012; MRO).

    MSL debris field - parachute landed 615 m from Curiosity (3-D: rover & parachute) (August 17, 2012; MRO).

  • Engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory celebrate the landing.[7]

    Engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory celebrate the landing.[7]

  • Curiosity rover - women team members (June 26, 2014).

    Curiosity rover - women team members (June 26, 2014).

  • Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012,[8] about 10 km from the base of Mount Sharp).[9]

    Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012,[8] about 10 km from the base of Mount Sharp).[9]

  • First colored image from Curiosity (August 6, 2012).

    First colored image from Curiosity (August 6, 2012).

  • Curiosity's self-portrait - with closed dust cover (September 7, 2012).

    Curiosity's self-portrait - with closed dust cover (September 7, 2012).

  • Curiosity's self-portrait (September 7, 2012; color-corrected).

    Curiosity's self-portrait (September 7, 2012; color-corrected).

  • Gravel below one of the 6 wheels on the rover.

    Gravel below one of the 6 wheels on the rover.

First 360-degree panoramic view of Mars taken by the Curiosity rover (August 7, 2012).[10][11]

أحداث 2012

Curiosity's view, from about 200 m (660 ft) away, of the Glenelg Area - an important science destination (September 19, 2012).

On August 15, 2012, the rover began several days of instrument checks and mobility tests.[12][13] The first laser testing of the ChemCam by Curiosity on Mars was performed on a rock, N165 ("Coronation" rock), near Bradbury Landing on August 19, 2012.[14][15][16]

Curiosity rover - Temperature, Pressure, Humidity at Gale Crater on Mars (August 2012 - February 2013)
Temperature
Pressure
Humidity


دليل على وجود مياه قديمة

Evidence of water on Mars[17][18][19]
Curiosity rover on the way to Glenelg (September 26, 2012)
Peace Vallis and related alluvial fan near the Curiosity rover landing ellipse and landing site (noted by +).
"Hottah" rock outcrop on Mars - an ancient streambed viewed by the Curiosity rover (September 14, 2012) (close-up) (3-D version).
"Link" rock outcrop on Mars - compared with a terrestrial fluvial conglomerate - suggesting water "vigorously" flowed in a stream.
"Bright particles" found by the Curiosity rover at Rocknest (October, 2012)[20][21]
"Bright object" (BO)
BO Close-up 1
BO Close-up 2
"Bright particles"
BP Close-up 1


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أحداث 2013

دلال على الصلاحية القديمة للحياة

Curiosity rover - First drilling tests ("John Klein" rock, Yellowknife Bay, February 2–6, 2013).[22]
Drilling site
Drill in place.
Drill bit
"Drill on Rock checkout."
Drill hole.
Drill hole - before/after.
Drilling Area at Yellowknife Bay (December 28, 2012).
Curiosity rover - Chemical analysis
(drilled sample of "John Klein" rock, Yellowknife Bay, February 27, 2013).[23][24][25]
Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) (4th rock portion) (April, 2013)
Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)
Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS)
Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument (CheMin)

دليل على فقدان الغلاف الجوي

Curiosity rover (very bright spot near the lower right) and "Tracks" from Bradbury Landing to John Klein in Yellowknife Bay - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; June 27, 2013).

أحداث أخرى في 2013

Argon isotope ratios are used to estimate atmospheric loss on Mars. (Curiosity rover, April, 2013)
Composition of "Yellowknife Bay" rocks - rock veins are higher in calcium and sulfur than "Portage" soil - APXS results - Curiosity rover (March, 2013).



Curiosity rover - view of "Sheepbed" mudstone (lower left) and surroundings (February 14, 2013).


Scarp retreat by windblown sand over time on Mars (Yellowknife Bay, December 9, 2013).


Hole (1.6 cm (0.63 in)) drilled into "John Klein" mudstone.
Spectral Analysis (SAM) of "Cumberland" mudstone.
Clay mineral structure of mudstone.
The Curiosity rover examines mudstone near Yellowknife Bay on Mars (May 2013).


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أحداث 2014

البحث عن حياة قديمة

في 24 يناير 2014 أفادت ناسا أن الدراسات الحالية حول كوكب المريخ بواسطة المسبارين كريوسيتي واوپورتيونيتي سيتم البحث فيها على دليل لوجود حياة قديمة، وتشمل غلاف جوي اعتماداً على العضيات الدقيقة ذاتية التغذية، كيميائية التغذية م/أو كيمائية-جمادية التغذية، وكذلك عن المياه القديمة، وتشمل البيئات النهرية-البحيرية (السهول المرتبطة بالأنهار أو البحيرات القديمة والتي ربما كانت مأهولة.[26][27][28][29] البحث عن دليل سكن، taphonomy (مرتبط بالأحفورات)، الكربون العضوي على كوكب المريخ هو الهدف الرئيسي الحالي لناسا.[26]

الوصول لجبل شارپ

  • Overview map - blue oval marks "Base of Mount Sharp" (August 17, 2012).

    Overview map - blue oval marks "Base of Mount Sharp" (August 17, 2012).

  • Traverse map - route from Landing to slopes on Mount Sharp (September 11, 2014).

    Traverse map - route from Landing to slopes on Mount Sharp (September 11, 2014).

  • Close-up map - new route (yellow) - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

    Close-up map - new route (yellow) - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

  • Close-up map - new route (yellow) - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

    Close-up map - new route (yellow) - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

  • Close-up map - Mount Sharp slopes - with few craters (bottom) (September 11, 2014).

    Close-up map - Mount Sharp slopes - with few craters (bottom) (September 11, 2014).

  • Geology map - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

    Geology map - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

  • Geology map - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

    Geology map - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

  • "Murray Buttes" knobs - Mount Sharp slopes (November 13, 2013).[30]

    "Murray Buttes" knobs - Mount Sharp slopes (November 13, 2013).[30]

  • "Murray Buttes" mesa - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

    "Murray Buttes" mesa - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

  • "Murray Formation" bands - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

    "Murray Formation" bands - Mount Sharp slopes (September 11, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" - Notable places at base of Mount Sharp (Autumn, 2014).

    "Pahrump Hills" - Notable places at base of Mount Sharp (Autumn, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" sand - viewed by Curiosity (November 13, 2014).

    "Pahrump Hills" sand - viewed by Curiosity (November 13, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" sand - Curiosity's tracks (November 7, 2014).

    "Pahrump Hills" sand - Curiosity's tracks (November 7, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (September 23, 2014).

    "Pahrump Hills" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (September 23, 2014).

  • "Confidence Hills" rock on Mars - Curiosity's 1st target at Mount Sharp (September 24, 2014).

    "Confidence Hills" rock on Mars - Curiosity's 1st target at Mount Sharp (September 24, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 9, 2014).

    "Pahrump Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 9, 2014).

  • "Pink Cliffs" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (October 7, 2014).

    "Pink Cliffs" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (October 7, 2014).

  • "Alexander Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 23, 2014).

    "Alexander Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 23, 2014).

  • Ancient Lake fills Gale Crater on Mars (simulated view).

    Ancient Lake fills Gale Crater on Mars (simulated view).

Geology map - from the crater floor in Aeolis Palus up the Slopes of Mount Sharp (September 11, 2014).
Rocks near the "Pahrump Hills" on the slopes of Mount Sharp as viewed from the Curiosity Rover (September 11, 2014; white balanced).

التحقق من وجود عضيات

Detecting organics on Mars is a challenge.
Methane measurements in the atmosphere of Mars by the Curiosity rover (August 2012 to September 2014).
Methane (CH4) on Mars - potential sources and sinks.
Comparison of Organics in Martian rocks - Chlorobenzene levels were much higher in the "Cumberland" rock sample.
Detection of Organics in the "Cumberland" rock sample.
Spectral Analysis (SAM) of "Cumberland" rock.

أحداث أخرى في 2014

NOV-2013 - Curiosity's wheel - dents & holes - 3 miles on Mars (November 30, 2013).
FEB-2014 - Curiosity's wheel - dents & holes - 3 miles on Mars (February 18, 2014).
Curiosity at The Kimberley
PIA18081-MarsCuriosityRover-TheKimberley-20140411.jpg
Curiosity rover (lower left quadrant of image) and "Tracks" near The Kimberley - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; April 11, 2014).
Curiosity at Mount Sharp
PIA19114-MarsCuriosityRover-PahrumpHills-20141213.jpg
Curiosity rover (within rectangle) in the Pahrump Hills of Mount Sharp - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; December 13, 2014).

أحداث 2015

Curiosity at Mount Sharp
PIA19142-MarsCuriosityRover-Self-Mojave-20150131.jpg
Self-portrait of the Curiosity rover at the Mojave site (January 31, 2015).


Landing site fading from view after first several years.


Hydrogen-rich area detected at 'Marias Pass" on Mars by Curiosity.[31]

الوضع الحالي

The Curiosity rover is exploring the slopes of Mount Sharp.[32][33]
Close-up map - planned route from "Dingo Gap" to "Kimberley" (KMS-9) (related HiRISE image)
(February 18, 2014/Sol 547).
Traverse map - Curiosity traveled over 7.1 km (4.4 mi) since leaving its "start" point in Yellowknife Bay on July 4, 2013 (now beyond the "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse" border line) (related HiRISE image)
(September 14, 2015/Sol 1104).
Context map - Curiosity's trip to Mount Sharp (star = landing; triangle = stops)
(November 23, 2014/Sol 817).[34][35][36]
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona


Location map - Curiosity rover at the base of Mount Sharp - as viewed from Space (MRO; HiRISE; September 14, 2015/Sol 1104).

صور

صورة ذاتية

Curiosity rover on Mars — self-portraits.
Curiosity at "Rocknest"
on Aeolis Palus
(October 31, 2012).
Curiosity at "John Klein"
on Aeolis Palus
(May 10, 2013).
Curiosity at "Windjana"
on Aeolis Palus
(May 12, 2014).
Curiosity at "Mojave"
on Aeolis Mons
(January 14, 2015).
Curiosity near "Buckskin" rock
on Aeolis Mons
(August 5, 2015).

مرئيات

Curiosity rover mission - One Year on Mars (August 6, 2012 - August 5, 2013) (03:58/file)
(August 2, 2013).[37][38]
Curiosity rover views - First Year on Mars (August 6, 2012 - August 5, 2013) (02:13/file)
(August 1, 2013).[37][38]
Curiosity views a Solar Eclipse by Phobos, largest of the two Moons of Mars (01:30/real-time)
(August 20, 2013).

معرض الصور

صور عريضة

Curiosity's view of "Mount Sharp" (September 20, 2012; white balanced; raw color).
Curiosity's view of the "Rocknest" area - South is center/North at both ends; "Mount Sharp" at SE horizon (somewhat left-of-center); "Glenelg" at East (left-of-center); rover tracks at West (right-of-center) (November 16, 2012; white balanced; raw color; interactives).
Curiosity's view from "Rocknest" looking eastward toward "Point Lake" (center) on the way to "Glenelg Intrique" (November 26, 2012; white balanced; raw color).
Curiosity's view of Drilling Sites of Rocks at "Yellowknife Bay" (December 24, 2012).
Curiosity's view of "Dingo Gap" on the way to "Mount Sharp" (January 30, 2014; white balanced; raw color).
Curiosity's view of "Amargosa Valley" on the lower slopes of "Mount Sharp" (September 11, 2014).
Curiosity's view of sand dunes on the lower slopes of "Mount Sharp" (August 27, 2015).
Curiosity's view of Mars sky at sunset (February 2013; sun simulated by artist).
Curiosity's first view of the Earth and the Moon from the surface of Mars (January 31, 2014).[45]

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

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  27. ^ "Special Issue – Table of Contents – Exploring Martian Habitability". Science. 343 (6169): 345–452. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
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  29. ^ "A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 1242777. 24 January 2014. doi:10.1126/science.1242777. Retrieved 24 January 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
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  41. ^ NASA - The Promised Land
  42. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة UT-20121009
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  44. ^ Speigel, Lee (July 6, 2014). "Did Mars Curiosity Rover Snap Images Of A UFO?". Huffington Post. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  45. ^ Revkin, Andrew C. (February 6, 2014). "Martian View of Our Pale Dot". New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2014.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Curiosity Rover Timeline

قالب:NASA planetary exploration programs

[[[تصنيف:معمل علوم المريخ]]

الكلمات الدالة:
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