حليب اللوز

حليب اللوز
Home-made almond milk, November 2012.jpg
طاقة الطعام
(per 100 g serving)
15 ألف سـُعر (63 kJ)
القيمة الغذائية
(per 100 گ معيار)
پروتين0.59 گ
دهون1.10 گ
نشويات0.58 g
Cookbook: حليب اللوز 

حليب اللوز Almond milk، هو حليب نباتي ذو قوام قشدي ومذاق جوزي. لا يحتوي حليب اللوز على الكولسترول أو اللاكتوز، وعادة ما يستهدم من قبل المصابين حساسية اللاكتوز والآخرين الذين لا يريدون استخدام المنتجات الحيوانية، ومنهم النباتيين. يباع حليب اللوز غير محلى، بلا نهكة، بنكحة الڤانيليا أو الشيكولاتة، وعادة ما تضاف إليه الڤيتامينات. يمكن أيضاً صنعه منزليا بخلط اللوز مع الماء.[1]

في المبيعات الأمريكية تجاوزت في 2013 مبيعات حليب اللوز حليب الصويا وفي المملكة المتحدة في 2014، تزايدت المبيعات من 36 مليون لتر في 2011 إلى 92 مليون في 2013.[2]

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التاريخ

Almond milk was mentioned in the 12th century in the Codex Salernitana and appears in cookbooks of the mediterranean area from the 13th century onward. In the Middle Ages, almond milk was known in both the Islamic world and Christendom. As a nut, almonds are permitted for consumption by these religions during fasting seasons, such as Lent and Ramadan. Historian Carolyn Walker Bynum notes that

medieval cookbooks suggest that the aristocracy observed fasting strictly, if legalistically. Meat-day and fish-day recipes were not separated in medieval recipe collections, as they were in later, better-organized cookbooks. But the most basic dishes were given in fast-day as well as ordinary-day versions. For example, a thin split-pea puree, sometimes enriched with fish stock or almond milk (produced by simmering ground almonds in water), replaced meat broth on fast days; and almond milk was a general (and expensive) substitute for cow's milk.[3]

In Persian cuisine, an almond milk based dessert called harireh badam (almond gruel) is traditionally served during Ramadan.[4]


المحتوى الغذائي

المحتوى الغذائي لألبان الأبقار المقواة والصويا واللوز والشوفان
قيمة المغذي
لكل كوب 250 م‌ل 		حليب بقري
(كامل الدسم)[5] 		حليب الصويا
(غير محلى)[6] 		حليب اللوز
(غير محلى)[7] 		حليب الشوفان
(غير محلى)[8]
الطاقة، kJ (سُعر) 620 (149) 330 (80) 160 (39) 500 (120)
پروتين (گ) 7.69 6.95 1.55 3
دهن (گ) 7.93 3.91 2.88 5
دهن مشبع (گ) 4.55 0.5 0.21 0.5
الكربوهيدرات (گ) 11.71 4.23 1.52 16
ألياف (گ) 0 1.2 0 2
سكر (گ) 12.32 1 0 7
كالسيوم (م‌گ)[أ] 276 301 516 350
پوتاسيوم (م‌گ) 322 292 176 390
صوديوم (م‌گ) 105 90 186 140
ڤيتامين ب12 (µگ) 1.10 2.70 0 1.2
ڤيتامين أ (ود)[أ][ب] 395 503 372 267
ڤيتامين د (ود)[أ][ت] 124 119 110 144
كولسترول (م‌گ) 24 0 0 0
  1. ^ أ ب ت يشيع اضافته لأنواع الحليب النباتي، التي لا تحتوي طبيعياً على مستويات معتبرة من المغذي. يضاف إلى كل الحلائب النباتية الثلاث المقدمة في هذا الجدول.
  2. ^ التقوية بڤيتامين أ هو مطلوب فقط في الحليب المكشوط في الولايات المتحدة.
  3. ^ التقوية بڤيتامين د للحليب البقري هو إلزامي في الولايات المتحدة.


If unfortified, almond milk has less vitamin D than fortified cows' milk; in North America, cows' milk must be fortified with vitamin D, but vitamins are added to plant milks on a voluntary basis.[9] Vitamin E is released from the almonds and absorbed. The positive effects of the vitamin E includes strengthening the cells.[10] Because of its low protein content, almond milk is not a suitable replacement for breast milk, cows' milk, or hydrolyzed formulas for children under two years of age.[11]

اللوز غني بالعناصر الغذائية بما في ذلك الألياف، وفيتامين إي E والمغنيسيوم والسيلينيوم والمنجنيز والزنك والبوتاسيوم والحديد والفوسفور والتربتوفان، والنحاس، والكالسيوم. يحتوي حليب اللوز على نسبة أقل من البروتين والكالسيوم مما يحتويه حليب الأبقار والحليب المستحلب من الحيوانات الأخرى.

معجون اللوز، يستخدم كقاعدة سريعة لتحضير حليب اللوز.

التسويق

In the United States, almond milk remained a niche health food item until the early 2000s, when its popularity began to increase. In 2011 alone, almond milk sales increased by 79%.[12] In 2013, it surpassed soy milk as the most popular plant-based milk in the US.[13] As of 2014 it comprised 60 percent of plant-milk sales and 4.1 percent of total milk sales in the US.[14]:2–3 Almond milk, according to the parameters stated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), does not qualify for the category of milk, and therefore it is advocated that almond milk not be labeled with milk.[15][16]

Within the Italian regions of Sicily, Apulia, Calabria, and Campania, almond milk is a protected traditional agricultural product.[17]

التحضير

The general production method involves soaking and grinding almonds in an excess of water. A milky white liquid is obtained after filtering the almond pulp (flesh). Almond milk can also be made by adding water to almond butter. In commercial production, almond milk is homogenised with high pressure and pasteurised for greater stability and shelf life.[18]

In July 2015, a class action lawsuit was filed in New York City against two American manufacturers, Blue Diamond Growers and White Wave Foods, for false advertising regarding the small quantity of almonds (only 2%) contained in the final product.[19][20][21][22] In October 2015, a judge denied the plaintiff's request for an injunction.[23]

الاستدامة

Mean greenhouse gas emissions for one glass (200 g) of different milks[24]
أنواع الحليب Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(kg CO2-Ceq per 200 گ)
حليب البقر
0٫62
حليب الأرز
0٫23
حليب الصويا
0٫21
حليب الشوفان
0٫19
حليب اللوز
0٫16
Mean land use for one glass (200 g) of different milks[24]
أنواع الحليب Land Use (m2 per 200 g)
Cow's Milk
1٫81
Oat Milk
0٫25
Soy Milk
0٫23
Almond Milk
0٫19
Rice Milk
0٫14
Mean water footprint for one glass (200 g) of different milks[24]
أنواع الحليب Water Use (L/200 g)
Cow's Milk
131
حليب اللوز
74
Rice Milk
56
Oat Milk
9
Soy Milk
2

Almond production in California is concentrated mainly in the Central Valley,[25] where the mild climate, rich soil, and abundant sunshine and water supply make for ideal growing conditions. Due to the persistent droughts in California in the early 21st century, it became more difficult to raise almonds in a sustainable manner.[26][27]

Almond sustainability is challenged because of the high amount of water needed to grow almonds: a single glass of almond milk requires roughly 74 litres (16 imp gal; 20 US gal) of water to produce.[24] Among plant-based milks, almond milk requires substantially more water during the growing and production stages than soy, rice or oat milk (graph).[24] Dairy milk requires more water to produce than almond milk (graph).[24] In 2014, California produced 42.3 billion pounds of cow's milk and only 2.14 billion pounds of almond milk.[28][29]

Sustainability strategies implemented by the Almond Board of California and almond farmers include:[27][30][31]

  • tree and soil health, and other farming practices
  • minimizing dust production during the harvest
  • bee health
  • irrigation guidelines for farmers
  • food safety
  • use of waste biomass as coproducts with a goal to achieve zero waste
  • use of solar energy during processing
  • job development
  • support of scientific research to investigate potential health benefits of consuming almonds
  • international education about sustainability practices


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انظر أيضاً

الحلائب النباتية الأخرى:

العلامات التجارية:

المصادر

  1. ^ Larmer, Christina (2011-01-09). "The pros and cons of almond milk". Adelaide Now. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  2. ^ Rebecca Burn-Callander, "How the UK is going crazy for almond milk", The Daily Telegraph, 17 November 2014.
  3. ^ Carolyn Walker Bynum (1988), Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women, University of California Press, p. 41, ISBN 978-0-520-06329-7, https://books.google.com/books?id=9DUgmJGxZyEC&pg=PA41 
  4. ^ Karizaki VM (2016). "Ethnic and traditional Iranian rice-based foods". Journal of Ethnic Foods. 3 (2): 124–134. doi:10.1016/j.jef.2016.05.002.
  5. ^ "Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat, with added vitamin D (FDC #171265)". Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture.
  6. ^ "Soymilk (all flavors), unsweetened, with added calcium, vitamins A and D (FDC #175215)". Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture.
  7. ^ "Beverages, almond milk, unsweetened, shelf stable (FDC #174832)". Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture.
  8. ^ 'Oat Milk Nutrition Facts'. Batavia, IL: Aldi. [استشهاد ناقص]
  9. ^ Geoff Koehler, "Children who drink non-cows’ milk are twice as likely to have low vitamin D", St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, 20 October 2014.
  10. ^ Mandalari, Giuseppina; Faulks, Richard M.; Rich, Gillian T.; Lo Turco, Vincenzo; Picout, David R.; Lo Curto, Rosario B.; Bisignano, Giuseppe; Dugo, Paola; Dugo, Giacomo; Waldron, Keith W.; Ellis, Peter R. (May 2008). "Release of Protein, Lipid, and Vitamin E from Almond Seeds during Digestion". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (9): 3409–3416. doi:10.1021/jf073393v. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 18416553.
  11. ^ Keller MD, Shuker M, Heimall J, Cianferoni A (January 2012). "Severe malnutrition resulting from use of rice milk in food elimination diets for atopic dermatitis" (PDF). Isr Med Assoc J. 14 (1): 40–42. PMID 22624441.
  12. ^ David Sprinkle (19 يناير 2012). "With Almond as the New White Milk, Dairy Alternatives Make Further Inroads". Marketwire. Archived from the original on 23 أكتوبر 2014. Retrieved 14 أكتوبر 2014.
  13. ^ Wong, Venessa (21 August 2013). "Soy Milk Fades as Americans Opt for Drinkable Almonds". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  14. ^ Senarath Dharmasena, Oral Capps, Jr., Brooke Kosub, "Demand and Market Competitiveness of Almond Milk as a Dairy Alternative Beverage in the United States" Archived 24 أبريل 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Food and Consumer Economics Research Center, (AFCERC), Texas A&M University, 2015.
  15. ^ Commissioner, Office of the (24 March 2020). "Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on modernizing standards of identity and the use of dairy names for plant-based substitutes". FDA (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  16. ^ "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals". SAGE Journals (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  17. ^ "Guida ai Prodotti Tipici del Territorio di Brindisi" (PDF).
  18. ^ Bernat, N; Chafer, M; Chiralt, A; Gonzalez-Martinez, C (2014). "Development of a non-dairy probiotic fermented product based on almond milk and inulin". Food Science and Technology International. 21 (6): 440–453. doi:10.1177/1082013214543705. hdl:10251/59506. PMID 25028153. S2CID 6917796.
  19. ^ Collen, Jess (23 July 2015). "Is 2% Almond Milk More Confusing Than 2% Cows Milk? Blue Diamond And Silk Probably Say 'No.'". Forbes. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  20. ^ Feeney, Nolan (29 July 2015). "False Advertising Lawsuit Claims This Almond Milk Brand Doesn't Have Enough Almonds". Time. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  21. ^ Steven Trader (8 June 2016). "Almond Milk Buyers Fight Stay Pending Other False Ad Deal". Law360.
  22. ^ "Class action lawsuit targets Blue Diamond, Silk almond milks". Washington Examiner. 8 June 2015.
  23. ^ Joe Van Acker (21 October 2015). "Almond Milk Makers Duck Drinkers' Bid For Label Change". Law360.قالب:Registration required
  24. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Guibourg, Clara; Briggs, Helen (22 February 2019). "Which vegan milks are best for the planet?". BBC News: Science and Environment (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  25. ^ Erin Brodwin; Samantha Lee (8 April 2015). "Chart shows how some of your favorite foods could be making California's drought worse". Business Insider (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  26. ^ Richard Gonzalez (16 April 2015). "How Almonds Became A Scapegoat For California's Drought". US National Public Radio. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  27. ^ أ ب Alan Bjerga; Donna Cohen; Cindy Hoffman. "California Almonds Are Back After Four Years of Brutal Drought". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  28. ^ "Real California Milk Facts". The California Dairy Press Room.
  29. ^ "Almonds | Agricultural Marketing Resource Center". www.agmrc.org. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  30. ^ "Annual report: Growing Good – Almond Sustainability 2018" (PDF). Almond Board of California. 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  31. ^ "Almond industry forerunner of future farm practices, sustainability program internationally recognized". Western FarmPress. 6 March 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

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