جين آدمز

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين جين أدمز.
جين آدمز
Jane Addams
Jane Addams - Bain News Service.jpg
Addams 1926ح. 1926
وُلِدَ
Laura Jane Addams

(1860-09-06)سبتمبر 6, 1860
Cedarville, Illinois, U.S.
توفيمايو 21, 1935(1935-05-21) (aged 74)
شيكاغو، إلينوي، الولايات المتحدة.
التعليمRockford Female Seminary
المهنة
  • Social worker and political activist
  • author and lecturer
  • community organizer
  • public intellectual
الوالد(ان)
الأقارب
الجوائزجائزة نوبل للسلام (1931)
التوقيع
Jane Addams signature.svg
Portrait of Jane Addams, from a Charcoal drawing by Alice Kellogg Tyler of 1892. Source Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p. 114

لورا جين آدمز Laura Jane Addams‏[1] (وُلِدت 6 سبتمبر 1860 – ت. 21 مايو، 1935)، هي ناشطة استيطان ومصلحة وإخصائية اجتماعية،[2][3] عالمة اجتماع,[4] وإدارية عمومية،[5][6] ومؤلفة أمريكية. She was an important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and advocated for world peace.[7] She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses. In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school.[8] In 1920, she was a co-founder of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).[9]

وفي 1931، أصبحت أول امرأة أمريكية تحصل على جائزة نوبل للسلام، and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States.[10] She was a radical pragmatist and the first woman "public philosopher" in the United States.[11] In the Progressive Era, when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers.[12] She helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. In her essay "Utilization of Women in City Government", Addams noted the connection between the workings of government and the household, stating that many departments of government, such as sanitation and the schooling of children, could be traced back to traditional women's roles in the private sphere.[13] When Addams died in 1935, she was the best-known female public figure in the United States.[14]

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النشأة

Jane Addams as a young woman, undated studio portrait by Cox, Chicago
Birthplace of Jane Addams in Cedarville, Illinois. Source Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), in the public domain.

Born in Cedarville, Illinois,[15] Jane Addams was the youngest of eight children born into a prosperous northern Illinois family of English-American descent which traced back to colonial Pennsylvania.[16] By the time Addams was eight, four of her siblings had died: three in infancy and one at age 16.[17] In 1863, when Addams was two years old, her mother, Sarah Addams (née Weber), died while pregnant with her ninth child. Thereafter Addams was cared for mostly by her older sisters.[16][18][19]


تدريس

جين أدمز
جان آدمز

هول هاوس

جين آدمز في سيارة، 1915

حركة السلام

Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911

الارث

الذكرى


انظر أيضا

المصادر

  1. ^ "Jane Addams". The Nobel Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Institute. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  2. ^ Chambers, Clarke A. (March 1986). "Women in the Creation of the Profession of Social Work". Social Service Review. University of Chicago Press. 60 (1): 1–33. doi:10.1086/644347. JSTOR 30011832. S2CID 143895472.
  3. ^ Franklin, Donna L. (June 1986). "Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice". Social Service Review. University of Chicago Press. 60 (4): 504–525. doi:10.1086/644396. JSTOR 30012363. S2CID 144585123.
  4. ^ Deegan, M. J. (1988). Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Books.
  5. ^ Shields, Patricia M. (2017). Jane Addams: Pioneer in American Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration. In, P. Shields Editor, Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration pp. 43–68.ISBN 978-3-319-50646-3
  6. ^ Stivers, C. (2009). A Civic Machinery for Democratic Expression: Jane Addams on Public Administration. In M. Fischer, C. Nackenoff, & W. Chielewski, Jane Addams and the Practice of Democracy (pp. 87–97). Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
  7. ^ Shields, Patricia M. (2017). Jane Addams: Peace Activist and Peace Theorist In, P. Shields Editor, Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration pp. 31-42. ISBN 978-3-319-50646-3
  8. ^ "Women of Honor".
  9. ^ "Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU". ACLU Virginia. March 28, 2013.
  10. ^ Stuart, Paul H. (2013). "Encyclopedia of Social Work". SOCIAL WORK National Assoc. of Social Workers Press. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.623. ISBN 978-0-19-997583-9. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  11. ^ Maurice Hamington, "Jane Addams" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2010) portrays her as a radical pragmatist and the first woman "public philosopher" in United States history.
  12. ^ John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, and James M. McPherson, Liberty, Equality, Power (2008) p. 538; Eyal J. Naveh, Crown of Thorns (1992) p 122
  13. ^ Jane Addams, "Utilization of Women in City Government," Chapter 7 Newer Ideals of Peace (1907) pp. 180–208.
  14. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة :1
  15. ^ Kathryn Cullen-DuPont (2000). Encyclopedia of women's history in America. Infobase Publishing. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-8160-4100-8.
  16. ^ أ ب Linn, James Weber. Jane Addams: A Biography, (Google Books), University of Illinois Press: 2000, p. 4, (ISBN 0252069048). Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  17. ^ Linn, James Weber (2000) [1935]. Jane Addams:Biography. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-252-06904-8.
  18. ^ Knight, Louise W. (2005). Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 32–33.
  19. ^ Fox, Richard Wrightman and Kloppenberg, James T. A Companion to American Thought, (Google Books), Blackwell Publishing: 1995, p. 14, (ISBN 0631206566). Retrieved August 20, 2007.

قراءات أخرى

  • Bowen, Louise de Koven. Growing up with Pity. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
  • Deegan, Mary. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
  • Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Polacheck, Hilda Satt. I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
  • Stiehm, Judith Hicks. "Champions for Peace : Women Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.” Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.
  • Taylor Street Archives
  • "Jane Addams: a biography" By Robin Kadison Berson

وصلات خارجية

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قالب:ACLU

قالب:Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1926–1950 قالب:1931 Nobel Prize winners

قالب:Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame

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