تريسور

Coordinates: 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21
هذا المقال هو عن the city in India. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر تريسور (توضيح).
Thrissur
Trichur
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: Thrissur Pooram, Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral, Vadakkunnathan Temple, Puli Kali
Clockwise from top: Thrissur Pooram, Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral, Vadakkunnathan Temple, Puli Kali
Thrissur is located in كرلا
Thrissur
Thrissur
Thrissur is located in الهند
Thrissur
Thrissur
الإحداثيات: 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21
Country الهند
StateKerala
DistrictThrissur District
الحكومة
 • النوعMayor–council government
 • الكيانThrissur Municipal Corporation
 • MayorAjitha Vijayan (CPI)
 • Deputy mayorBeena Murali
 • Police commissionerAadhithya R IPS
المساحة
[1]
 • Metropolis101٫42 كم² (39٫16 ميل²)
المنسوب
2٫83 m (9٫28 ft)
التعداد
 (2011)[2]
 • Metropolis315٬596
 • الكثافة3٬100/km2 (8٬100/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
[2]
1٬854٬783
صفة المواطن
  • Thrissurkaran(male) *Thrissurkari(female) *Thrissurkar(plural)
Languages
 • OfficialMalayalam, English
منطقة التوقيتUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
680XXX
Telephone codeThrissur: 91-(0)487, Irinjalakuda: 91-(0)480, Wadakancherry: 91-(0)4884, Kunnamkulam: 91-(0)4885
لوحة السيارةKL-08
Coastline0 kilometres (0 mi)
Literacy97.24%
web portal[1]
ImportanceGold capital of India, Cultural capital of Kerala
ClimateAm/Aw (Köppen)
Precipitation3,100 millimetres (120 in)
Avg. summer temperature35 °C (95 °F)
Avg. winter temperature20 °C (68 °F)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.corporationofthrissur.net

Thrissur (pronunciation (المساعدة·معلومات)), also known by its former name Trichur, is a city and the headquarters of the Thrissur district in Kerala, India. It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala after Kochi and Calicut urban areas and the 20th largest in India. It is famous for the Thrissur Pooram festival.[3][4]

The city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. It is located 268 kilometres (167 mi) towards north-west of the state capital city Trivandrum.

Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin.

Thrissur is known as "cultural capital of Kerala" the because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history.[5] One of its main cultural events is the Thrissur Pooram, which attracts quite a number of tourists and travellers.[6]

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Etymology

The name Thrissur (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര്‍) is a shortened form Tamil / Malayalam word Thiru-Shiva-Per-Ur (Malayalam: തിരു-ശിവ-പേര്-ഊര്, Lord-Shiva-Name-Town) literally translates to 'A Big City or Town with the three places of worship of the "Lord Shiva"'. The name owes itself to the most prominent feature of the city, that is the Vadakkumnathan Temple, which has Shiva as its presiding deity.[7] Alternately, Thri-Shiva-Perur (Malayalam: ത്രി-ശിവ-പേരൂർ, Three-Shiva-Palace) means the place with three Shiva temples which are said to be – the Vadakkumnathan Temple, Kottapuram Shiva temple and the Poonkunnam Siva Temple. Thrissur was known by its anglicised name Trichur until 1990, when the government decided to replace it with its Malayalam name. Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days.[8]


Cultural and Business Significance

Thrissur is also known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history.[9] It contains the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalithakala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy.[10] The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.[11][12] The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May, in the Malayalam month 'medam'.[9] Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Vadakkumnathan temple, Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple and Paramekkavu temple, and the Guruvayur temple as well as two churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral and the Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica, the largest Christian church in India.[13]


التاريخ

قبل التاريخ

The 15 feet (4.6 m) in high and 12 feet 4 inches (3.76 m) wide Ramavarmapuram menhir

[14] The Ramavarmapuram monument is in granite and is of the menhir type. The monument in Ramavarmapuram is 15 feet (4.6 m) in height and 12 feet 4 inches (3.76 m) wide. Since 1944, it has been protected by the Department of Archaeology. The monument is locally known as Padakkallu or Pulachikkallu. These menhirs are memorials put up at burial sites for the departed souls. They belong to the Megalithic Age of Kerala, which is roughly estimated between 1000 BCE and 500 CE.[15] All such monuments have not been dated exactly. Some experts are of the view that these are the remnants of the Neolithic Age in the development of human technology. The Ramavarmapuram menhir is also believed to be a monument belonging to the Sangam period in the South Indian history.[16]

التاريخ قبل الاستعمار

The region can claim to have played a significant part in fostering the trade relations between Kerala and the outside world in the ancient and medieval period. The early political history of Thrissur is interlinked with that of the Chera Dynasty of the Sangam age, who ruled over vast portions of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. After the Cheras, the place was later ruled by the Kingdom of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam). Later, a powerful dynasty known as Zamorins of Calicut captured most of the Thrissur in 14th and 15th century.

الحركات المناهضة للاستعمار

The first known map of Thrissur City with Vadakkunnathan Temple prepared by John Gould in 1816

The Indian freedom movement struggle also grew in momentum in Thrissur after a Committee was formed in 1919 of the Indian National Congress. In 1921, the Civil Disobedience Movement also attracted a large number of people into the freedom struggle. In 1927 Mahatma Gandhi visited Vivekodayam School in the city.[17] In 1934, father of the nation, again visited the city for the housewarming of Barrister Krishna Menon. The house afterwards was known "Gandhi Mandiram" in Chembukkavu.[18]

الجغرافيا

المقالة الرئيسية: Geography of Thrissur
The Thrissur Kole Wetlands is one of largest, highly productive and threatened wetlands in Kerala. It acts as natural drainage for City of Thrissur.

المناخ

Climate data for Thrissur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31
(88) 		32
(90) 		34
(93) 		36
(97) 		35
(95) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(89)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20
(68) 		22
(72) 		25
(77) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		21
(70) 		24
(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 32
(1.3) 		26
(1.0) 		39
(1.5) 		147
(5.8) 		391
(15.4) 		576
(22.7) 		391
(15.4) 		367
(14.4) 		417
(16.4) 		467
(18.4) 		223
(8.8) 		47
(1.9) 		3٬123
(123)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3 3 5 13 17 26 28 24 18 23 13 4 177
Source: [2]


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Economy

المقالة الرئيسية: Economy of Thrissur

Thrissur is home to many leading Malayali entrepreneurs,[19] and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.[20] Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran had invited several Syrian Christian families and Brahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centres in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centres of plain gold and rolled gold jewellery in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.[21][22] The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200,000 people in Thrissur.[23][24] The artisans based in these units, craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily.

The Town Hall in Thrissur


الادارة

Municipal Corporation Officials
العمدة Ajitha Jayarajan
Police Commissioner Rahul R Nair
Deputy mayor Beena Murali
Members of Legislative Assembly
Thrissur Assembly Constituency V. S. Sunil Kumar
Ollur Assembly Constituency K Rajan
Member of Parliament
Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency T.N Prathapan
Municipal Corporation Building, Thrissur seen from M.O. Road

Thrissur city functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations.[25][26]


معرض صور

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.corporationofthrissur.org/general-information
  2. ^ أ ب "Thrissur City" (PDF). Census2011. Retrieved 3 نوفمبر 2011.
  3. ^ "PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS, CENSUS OF INDIA 2011" (PDF). Census India. Retrieved 28 أكتوبر 2011.
  4. ^ "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DECADAL GROWTH OFSTATE/DISTRICTS 1991–2001, 2001–2011" (PDF). Census India. Retrieved 28 أكتوبر 2011.
  5. ^ "Districts Profile". Thrissur District. Archived from the original on 16 يونيو 2011. Retrieved 22 سبتمبر 2010.
  6. ^ "Thousands witness Thrissur pooram". Thiruvananthapuram. 13 مايو 2019.
  7. ^ The Indian Encyclopaedia. Books.google.com. 2002. ISBN 9788177552577. Retrieved 20 يناير 2013.
  8. ^ "THRISSUR – HISTORY". Thrissur district website. Archived from the original on 23 فبراير 2014. Retrieved 15 أبريل 2014.
  9. ^ أ ب "Thrissur". Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 12 يوليو 2012. Retrieved 22 سبتمبر 2010.
  10. ^ "Literary and cultural societies". Kerala Government. Archived from the original on 18 فبراير 2012. Retrieved 6 أكتوبر 2010.
  11. ^ "Festivals and Fairs of Thrissur". Kerala Government. Archived from the original on 13 مارس 2014. Retrieved 6 أكتوبر 2012.
  12. ^ "Tourism". Thrissur Corporation. Archived from the original on 26 مارس 2012. Retrieved 6 أكتوبر 2010.
  13. ^ "Pilgrimage". Thrissur Corporation. Archived from the original on 26 مارس 2012. Retrieved 6 أكتوبر 2010.
  14. ^ "A tour of heritage sites in Thrissur". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 ديسمبر 2009. Retrieved 9 يوليو 2010.
  15. ^ S Hemachandran, "Monuments Embossing History"[dead link], Kerala Calling, July 2007. Retrieved 24 January 2009
  16. ^ V V K Valath (1992). Keralathile Sthalacharithrangal: Thrissur Jilla,(Malayalam: കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങൾ: തൃശ്ശൂർ ജില്ല) p.217. Kerala Sahithya Akadamy, Thrissur.
  17. ^ "Thrissur school remembers Mahatma's visit". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 15 أكتوبر 2010. Retrieved 11 يوليو 2011.
  18. ^ "Barrister Krishna Menon's forgotten story". CityJournal. Archived from the original on 23 سبتمبر 2015. Retrieved 11 يوليو 2011.
  19. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة The Economic Times
  20. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة South Indian Bank sees sunshine in slowdown
  21. ^ "Kerala shines in gold ornament export". The Economic Times. 20 أغسطس 2005. Retrieved 13 ديسمبر 2010.
  22. ^ "No impact of recession on gold business'". Business Line. Retrieved 13 ديسمبر 2010.[dead link]
  23. ^ "Kerala Hosts First Gem & Jewellery Show". Diamonds Net. Retrieved 13 ديسمبر 2010.
  24. ^ "Exhibition on gold jewellery from November 14". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 أكتوبر 2008. Retrieved 13 ديسمبر 2010.
  25. ^ "Thrissur City Corporation turns 100". Malayala Manorama. Retrieved 27 أكتوبر 2010.
  26. ^ "History". Thrissur Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 يوليو 2010. Retrieved 5 أبريل 2010.

Further reading

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