گوالي‌أور

(تم التحويل من گواليور)
هذا المقال هو عن the metro city in Madhya Pradesh, India. إذا كنت تريد its namesake district، انظر Gwalior District.
انظر أيضاً: Gwalior Metropolitan Region
گوالي‌أور
ग्वालियर
Gwalior
Megacity
مع عقارب الساعة من اليسار: حصن گوالي‌أور، قصر جاي ڤيلاس، المحكمة العليا ومعبد الشمس
مع عقارب الساعة من اليسار: حصن گوالي‌أور، قصر جاي ڤيلاس، المحكمة العليا ومعبد الشمس
الكنية: 
العاصمة السياحية لماديا پرادش
مدينة راجا سورسن
مدينة ريشي گلڤ و تانسن نگري
گوالي‌أور is located in ماديا پرادش
گوالي‌أور
گوالي‌أور
الإحداثيات: 26°13′17″N 78°10′41″E / 26.221521°N 78.178024°E / 26.221521; 78.178024
البلدالهند
الولايةماديا پرادش (MP)
المنطقةGird
Districtگوالي‌أور
أسسهاراجا سوراج سن
السمِيْSaint Gwalipa
المساحة
 • الإجمالي780 كم² (300 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة35th
المنسوب
196 m (643 ft)
التعداد
 (2011)
1٬901٬981
 • الكثافة5٬478/km2 (14٬190/sq mi)
 • ترتيب التعداد
31st
اللغات
 • الرسميةهندي والإنگليزية
منطقة التوقيتUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
474001 to 474055 (HPO)
Telephone code0751
لوحة السيارةMP-07
نسبة الجنسين.948 ♂/♀0
معرفة القراءة87.20%[1]
متوسط درجة حرارة الصيف41 °C (106 °F)
متوسط درجة حرارة الشتاء10.1 °C (50.2 °F)[contradiction]
الموقع الإلكتروني[1]/Gwalior Official Website

گوالي‌أور (Gwalior ؛ النطق (المساعدة·معلومات)) is a historic and major city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located 319 kilometres (198 mi) south of Delhi the capital city of India, Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India. The city and its fortress have been ruled by several historic northern Indian kingdoms. From the Tomars in the 13th century, it was passed on to the Mughals, then to the Marathas in 1754 followed by the Scindias in 18th century.[2]

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أصل الاسم

According to local tradition, Gwalior owes its name to a sage of former times. سوراج سن، a prince of the gurjar-pratihar clan of the eighth century, is said to have lost his way in the forest. On a secluded hill, he met an old man, the sage Gwalipa, whose influence almost took him by surprise. Upon asking the sage for some drinking water, he was led to a pond, where the waters not only quenched his thirst but cured him of leprosy.[2] Out of gratitude, the prince wished to offer the sage something in return, and the sage asked him to build a wall on the hill to protect the other sages from wild animals which often disturbed their yajnas (or pujas). Suraj Sen later built a palace inside the fort, which was named "Gwalior" after the sage, and eventually the city that grew around the fort took the same name.


التاريخ

مهراجا گوالي‌أور أمام قصره ح. 1887
تماثيل جاينية في گوالي‌أور، بناها دونگار سنغ
سلطان المغل بابر وجيش المغل في وادي أورڤاه في گوالي‌أور
قصر مآن مندير في حصن گوالي‌أور

ثورة 1857

ويُعرف عن گوالي‌أور عدم مشاركتها في ثورة 1857، أساساً لعدم التعاون مع راني لاكشمي‌باي. After Kalpi (Jhansi) fell into the hands of the British on 24 May 1858, Lakshmibai sought shelter at Gwalior Fort. The Maharaja of Gwalior was not willing to give up his fort without a fight as he was a strong ally of the British, but after negotiations, his troops capitulated and the rebels took possession of the fort. The British wasted no time in attacking Gercest, the battle was fought by Lakshmibai, the bloodiest battle ever fought on Indian soil.[3] Indian forces numbered around 20,000, and British forces around 1600 assisted by Maharaja of Gwalior troops. Lakshmibai's example is remembered to this day by Indian nationalists. She died fighting, and Gwalior was free from rebels. Tatya Tope and Rao Sahib escaped.[4] Tatya Tope was later captured and hanged in April 1859.

إمارة گوالي‌أور

Scindia هي Maratha clan in India. This clan included rulers of the إمارة گوالي‌أور في the 18th and 19th centuries, collaborators of the colonial British government during the 19th and the 20th centuries until India became independent, and politicians in independent India.

A King George VI stamp of 1949, inscribed 'GWALIOR'
Maharaja Scindia with state officials


  • 1727–1745 : Rânojî Râo Sindhia (+1745)
  • 1745–1755 : Jayapaji Râo Sindhia (v. 1720–1755)
  • 1755–1761 : Jankojî Râo Ier Sindhia (+1761)
  • 1761–1764 : Kandarji Râo Sindhia (+ap.1764)
  • 1764–1768 : Manaji Rao Sindhia
  • 1768–1794 : Mahadji Rao Sindhia (1729–1794), Radjah de Gohad en 1765 puis Maharadjah de Gwalior
  • 1794–1827 : Daulat Râo Sindhia (1779–1827)
  • 1827–1843 : Jânkojî Râo II Sindhia (Mukki Râo) (1805–1843)
  • 1843–1886 : Jayâjî Râo Sindhia (Jiajî Râo) (1835–1886)
  • 1843–1844 : Dada Khasjiwallah - en rébellion
  • 1886–1925 : Mâdhav Râo Sindhia (1876–1925)
  • 1925–1961 : George Jîvâjî Râo Sindhia (1916–1961)
  • 1961-2001 : Madhav Rao II Scindia (1945-2001)
  • 2001-.... : Jyotiraditya Rao Scindia (1971–Present) (Present Maharaja of Gwalior)

الديانة

الديانة في گوالي‌أور
Religion Percent
الهندوسية
  
 90%
الجاينية
  
 2.5%
الإسلام
  
 5%
غيرهم†
  
 1.5%
توزيع الأديان
†تضم السيخ (1%)، البوذيين (<0.5%).

المناخ

Gwalior
جدول طقس (التفسير)
يفمأمييأسأند
 
 
17
 
23
7
 
 
8
 
27
10
 
 
7
 
33
16
 
 
2.6
 
39
22
 
 
8.9
 
44
27
 
 
78
 
41
30
 
 
262
 
35
27
 
 
313
 
32
25
 
 
146
 
33
24
 
 
43
 
33
18
 
 
4.2
 
29
12
 
 
7.7
 
24
7
متوسطات درجات الحرارة القصوى والدنيا - °س
إجمالي الهطل - مم
المصدر: IMD

Gwalior has a sub-tropical climate with hot summers from late March to early July, the humid monsoon season from late June to early October, and a cool dry winter from early November to late February. Under Köppen's climate classification the city has a humid subtropical climate. The highest recorded temperature was 48 °C and the lowest was −1 °C. Summers start in late March, and along with other cities like Jaipur and Delhi, are among the hottest in India and the world. Temperatures peak in May and June with daily averages being around 33–35 °C (93–95 °F), and end in late June with the onset of the monsoon. Gwalior receives 900 mm (35 in) of rain on average per year, most of which is concentrated in the monsoon months from late June to early October. August is the wettest month with about 310 mm (12 in) of rain. Winter in Gwalior starts in late October, and is generally very mild with daily temperatures averaging in the 14–16 °C (58–62 °F) range, and mostly dry and sunny conditions. January is the coldest month with average lows in the 0 °C range (32 °F) and occasional cold snaps that plummet temperatures to close to freezing.

Climate data for گوالي‌أور
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.9
(73.2) 		26.5
(79.7) 		32.7
(90.9) 		38.7
(101.7) 		42.1
(107.8) 		48.6
(119.5) 		40.5
(104.9) 		32.0
(89.6) 		32.7
(90.9) 		33.2
(91.8) 		29.3
(84.7) 		24.4
(75.9) 		32.5
(90.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.1
(32.2) 		10.0
(50.0) 		15.8
(60.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		23.9
(75.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.4
(45.3) 		18.7
(65.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.5
(0.65) 		8.0
(0.31) 		7.0
(0.28) 		2.6
(0.10) 		8.9
(0.35) 		78.7
(3.10) 		261.6
(10.30) 		312.9
(12.32) 		146.2
(5.76) 		42.6
(1.68) 		4.2
(0.17) 		7.7
(0.30) 		900.0
(35.43)
Source: IMD


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Tourism

حصن گوالي‌أور

المقالة الرئيسية: حصن گوالي‌أور
View from the summit of Gwalior Fort showing the palace of the Maharajah of Scindia, circa 1882.
The view of scindia palace from the fort
Teli-ka-Mandir

جاي ڤيلاس محل

المقالة الرئيسية: جاي ڤيلاس محل
Jai Vilas Palace at night
Jai Vilas Palace
Jai Vilas Palace
Heritage road (from Jai Vilas Palace back gate up to Jayarogya Hospitals Gate) in front of Chatris of Scindias

القلعة الپنجابية، لاس گوالي‌أور

معبد الشمس في گوالي‌أور

Sun Temple

أشهر أبنائها

Tansen

معرض

  • Sun Temple

    Sun Temple

  • Tighra Dam

    Tighra Dam

  • Statue Guarding Entrance to Gujari Mahal

    Statue Guarding Entrance to Gujari Mahal

  • One of the Seven Gates of the Gwalior Fort

    One of the Seven Gates of the Gwalior Fort

  • Gujari Mahal, now a museum, inside Gwalior Fort

    Gujari Mahal, now a museum, inside Gwalior Fort

  • Sas-Bahu Ka Mandir at Gwalior Fort

    Sas-Bahu Ka Mandir at Gwalior Fort

  • Former central press at Gwalior

    Former central press at Gwalior

  • Beautiful Chinese hand craft work on the walls of Gwalior Fort

    Beautiful Chinese hand craft work on the walls of Gwalior Fort

  • Former Vidhan Sabha when Gwalior was capital of Madhya Bharat

    Former Vidhan Sabha when Gwalior was capital of Madhya Bharat

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "Literacy rate". census2011.co.in. 16 June 2004. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  2. ^ أ ب Lonely Planet. "History of Gwalior - Lonely Planet Travel Information". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  3. ^ "Rani Lakshmibai: Remembering the valiant queen of Jhansi". Sanskriti - Indian Culture. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Rani Lakshmibai: the brave queen of Jhansi".


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وصلات خارجية

Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article "گوالي‌أور".

قالب:Gwalior Metropolitan Region

قالب:Gwalior Division

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