البهرة السليمانية

For the Sūlaimānī Jamia in Turkey, see Süleymancılar. For the city in Iraqi Kurdistan, see Sulaymaniyah.

السليمانية هي أحد فرق الإسماعيلية المستعلية وهي الفرقة التي اتبعت الخليفة الفاطمي المستعلي بالله مقابل أخيه نزار بن معد الذي اتبعه النزارية. وبعد غيبة إمامهم الواحد والعشرين الطيب أبي القاسم تولي النيابة عن الإمام الغائب ما يعرف بالداعي المطلق.

بعد وفاة "الداعي المطلق" محمد عز الدين بن الحسن سنة 946 هـ / 1539م، أصبح الداعي الهندي يوسف نجم الدين بن سليمان (توفي 874 هـ / 1567 م) داعيا مطلقا للدعوة الطيبية التي انتقل مركزها من اليمن إلى الهند. فانتشرت الدعوة الإسماعيلية في الهند منطلقة من ولاية كوجرات غربي الهند. واستجاب لتلك الدعوة جموع غفيرة من الهنود من طبقة التجار، وهم ممن يطلق عليهم باللغة الكوجراتية اسم البهرة.

It is not correct that this branch is headed by one from the Makrami family always as the D'ai al Mutlaq could be from other families and communities. Examples: the first Da'i was Dhuayb Bin Mousa (Hamdan), Dawud Bin Ajab Shah(Indian), Sulayman Bin Al Hassan (Indian) and some of his brothers and sons were Indians. It is, however, true for the very recent Da'is have came from the Makrami family, with exception of the late Da'i Abdullah bin Mohammad, who was not from the Makrami family.

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 التاريخ

Founded in 1592, the Sulaymanis are mostly concentrated in Yemen but are also found in Pakistan and India. The denomination is named after its 27th Daʻī, Sulayman bin Hassan.

The total number of Sulaymanis currently are around 300,000, mainly living in the eastern district of Jabal Haraz in northwest Yemen and in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Beside the Banu Yam of Najran, the Sulaymanis are in Haraz, among the inhabitants of the Jabal Maghariba and in Hawzan, Lahab and Attara, as well as in the district of Hamadan and in the vicinity of Yarim.

In India there are between 3000 and 5000 Sulaymanis living mainly in Vadodara, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Surat. In Punjab, Pakistan, there is a well-established Sulaymani community in Sindh. Some ten thousand Sulaymanis live in rural areas of Punjab known to the Sulaymani as Jazeera-e Sind; these Sulaymani communities have been in the Jazeera-e Sind from the time of Fatimid Imam-Caliph Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah when he sent his Daʻīs to Jazeera-e Sind.

There are also some 900–1000 Sulaymanis mainly from South Asia scattered around the world, in the Persian Gulf States, United States, Canada, Thailand, Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom. The Sulaymanis split off from the Tayyibi community, following a succession dispute upon the death of Dawood Bin Ajabshah in 1589. While most of the Tayyibis in India recognised Dawood Bin Qutub as his successor and thus forming the Dawoodi Bohras, the Yemeni community followed Sulayman bin Hassan.

Starting from 1677, Sulayman's successors almost always came from the Makrami family. The da'is made Najran their headquarters and ruled the area, supported by the Banu Yam, until their power waned under the successive rules of the Ottomans and Saudis. The leadership of the Sulaymaniyah, whose Indian community was small, reverted to the Yemen with the succession of the thirtieth Da'i al-Mutlaq, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Fahd Al-Makrami, in 1677. Since then the position of the dai al mutlaq has remained in various branches of the al Makrami family except for the time of the forty-sixth dai, an Indian.

The Makrami da'is usually resided in Badr in Najran, Saudi Arabia. With the backing of the tribe of the Banu Yam they ruled Najran independently and at times extended their sway over other parts of the Yemen and Arabia until the incorporation of Najran into Saudi Arabia in 1934. The peak of their power was in the time of the thirty-third Da'i al-Mutlaq, Isma'il ibn Hibat Allah (1747–1770), who defeated the Wahhabiyah or Wahhabism in Najd and invaded Hadramawt. He is also known as the author of an esoteric Qur'an commentary, virtually the only religious work of a Sulaymani author published so far. Since Najran came under Saudi rule, the religious activity of the da'is and their followers has been severely restricted. In the Yemen the Sulaymaniyah are found chiefly in the region of Manakha and the Haraz mountains. In India they live mainly in Baroda, Ahmadabad, and Hyderabad and are guided by a representative (mansub) of the Da'i al-Mutlaq residing in Baroda.

 الانشقاق بين السليمانية والداودية

في سنة 999 هـ / 1591 ميلادي بعد وفاة الداعي المطلق السادس والعشرون داود بن عجبشاه حدث انقسام في هذه الفرقة، حيث انتخب بهرة كجرات _ الذين يشكلون الأغلبية بين أفراد الفرقة _ داود بن قطب شاه خليفة لسلفه، وبعثوا بنص الانتخاب إلى أصحابهم في اليمن، وهؤلاء هم الداوودية

ولكن بعد فترة حدث أن انتخب عدد من أفراد هذه الفرقة الداعي المطلق السابع والعشرين سليمان بن الحسن والذي كان في عهد سلفه مسؤول عن الدعوة باليمن هو صاحب النص الشرعي والخليفة لداود بن عجبشاه. ولديهم وثيقة لا تزال محفوظة لدى الدعوة السليمانية.

و توفي سليمان في أحمد آباد سنة 1005 هـ / 1597م، وقد عرف مؤيدوا سليمان باسم السليمانيين. ويدعى ممثله الرئيس في الهند باسم (المنصوب)، مركز دعوة السليمانيين اليوم في مدينة نجران السعودية حيث أغلب الإسماعيلية في نجران سليمانية ولهم اتباع في الهند واليمن.

 دعاة المطلق السليمانيون

The following is a list of religious leaders (da'i al-mutlaq) of the Sulaymani Isma'ilis. For the 26 predecessors, see List of Dai of Dawoodi Bohra. See Sulayman bin Hassan for more information.

1. Sulayman bin Hassan
2. Ali bin Sulayman
3. Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin al-Fahd al-Makrami
4. Muhammad bin Isma'il
5. Hibat-Allah bin Ibrahim
6. Isma'il bin Hibat-Allah
7. Hasan bin Hibat-Allah
8. Abd-al-Ali bin Hasan
9. Abd-Allah bin Ali
10. Yusuf bin Ali
11. Husayn bin Husayn
12. Isma'il bin Muhammad
13. Hasan bin Muhammad
14. Hasan bin Isma'il
15. Ahmad bin Isma'il
16. Abd-Allah bin Ali
17. Ali bin Hibat-Allah
18. Ali bin Muhsin
19. Husam-al-Din al-Hajj Ghulam Husayn
20. Sharaf-al-Din Husayn bin Ahmad al-Makrami
21. Jamal-al-Din Ali bin Sharaf-al-Din Husayn al-Makrami
22. Sharafi Hasan bin Husayn al-Makrami
23. Husayn bin Isma'il al-Makrami
24. Abdullah bin Mohammed
25. Ahmed bin Ali al-Makrami

 تاريخ السليمانيين الإماميين

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 انظر أيضاً

• Alavi Bohras
• Atba-e-Malak
  • Atba-e-Malak Badar
  • Atba-e-Malak Vakil
• Dawoodi Bohra
• Progressive Dawoodi Bohra
• Hebtiahs Bohra
• Sunni Bohra
• Tyabji family

 للاستزادة

• Daftary, Farhad (1990). The Ismā'īlīs: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University.
• Fyzee, Asaf A. (1940). "Three Sulaymani Dai's". Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: 101–104.
• Hollister, John Norman (1953). The Shi'a of India. London: Luzac.
• Lokhandwalla (1955). "The Bohras, a Muslim community of Gujarat". Studia Islamica. 3.