القوات المسلحة الأفغانية

الجيش الوطني الأفغاني
Afghan National Army emblem.svg
شعار الجيش الوطني الأفغاني.
نشطة1880–1992, 2001–الآن
البلدأفغانستان
الدوردفاع وطني
الحجم108,000+ عامل (يناير2010) [1]
المقراتكابل
الألوانBlack, Red and Green             
القادة
القائد الأعلىبسم الله خان محمدي

الجيش الوطني الأفغاني (Pashto: د افغانستان ملي اردو / فارسية: اردوی ملی افغانستان) هو أحد فروع عسكرية أفغانستان ويقوم بتدريبه حاليا قوات التحالف ليتولى قيادة العمليات العسكرية الأرضية في أفغانستان. تأسس الجيش الأفغاني في ثمانينات القرن التاسع عشر حيث كانت البلاد تحت حكم الأمير عبد الرحمن خان.[2][3]


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التاريخ

وحدة صغير في الجيش الأفغاني عام 1920.
الدفعة الأولى من خريجي القوات المسلحة الأفغانية في 2002.


جنود من الجيش الأفغاني في 2007.


مستويات القوات
الجنود من
90,000 1978[4]
100,000 1979[5]
25,000 1980[5]
25-35,000 1981[6][4]
25-40,000 1982[6]
35-40,000 1983[6]
35-40,000 1984[6]
40,000 1985[7]
1,750 2003[8][9]
13,000 2004 [10]
17,800, plus 3,400 in training 2005 [11]
26,900 2006 [12]
50,000 2007[13]
80,000 2008
90,000 2009[14]


الوضع الحالي

أحداث جارية

قوة الأفراد

الكتيبة

اللواءات

القوات

الكوماندوز

كوموندوز الجيش الأفغاني


التدريب

ANA soldiers undergoing training on how to conduct air assault missions in 2007.
Soldiers in training at Kandahar in 2008.
Soldiers training on how to clear Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) on roads.


العمليات

A platoon of ANA soldiers at a rescue operation in February 2005.


عملية أخيل

معركة موسى قالا

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة موسى قالا

عملية مخلب النمر

المقالة الرئيسية: عملية مخلب النمر


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العملية خنجر (غارة السيف)

المقالة الرئيسية: عملية غارة السيف

التعبئة

مركبات القتال المدرعة

الطراز صورة النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
BRDM-2 Brdm2 c.jpg Armoured Personnel Carriers الاتحاد السوڤيتي Mostly captured vehicles from the war with the Soviet Union, some were abandoned vehicles left behind by retreating Soviets and some were derelict vehicles left by the Soviets all over Afghanistan and brought back to working condition. Converted into an improvised fire support vehicle with a complete 57 mm rocket pod and pylon from aircraft or helicopter mounted upside down on the turret roof.
BMP-1 Afghan National Army on patrol.jpg Armoured Personnel Carriers 120 الاتحاد السوڤيتي During the Soviet War in Afghanistan a number of BMP-1 IFVs fell into the hands of Afghan Mujahideen who used them against their former owners.
BMP-2 Us ord museum 005.JPG Armoured Personnel Carriers 550 1987-2002 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 150 along with 1,500 9M111 Fagot ATGMs were ordered in 1987 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1987 and 1991 (some of the vehicles were possibly previously in Soviet service).550 BMP-1s and BMP-2s in service as of 1992. Between 60 and 80 BMP-1s and BMP-2s were delivered from Russia after 2002.
M113 M113 in Panama.jpg Armoured Personnel Carriers 63 الولايات المتحدة
Humvee ANA at KMTC in 2009.jpg Armoured Personnel Carriers 4,150 الولايات المتحدة Up-Armored M1151 and M1152 versions

دبابات القتال الرئيسية

الطراز صورة النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
PT-76 Pt-76 afv.jpg Main battle tank 60 1959-1996 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 50 were ordered in 1958 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1959 and 1961. 60 in service as of 1996.
T-55 T-55 skos RB.jpg Main battle tank 600 1961-1991 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 50 T-54s and 50 T-55s were ordered in 1961 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1962 and 1964 (T-54s were previously in Soviet service). 200 T-54s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1979 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet service). 705 T-55s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1991 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet service).[15] There were 1,000 T-54s, T-55s, T-62s and PT-76s were in service as of 1 April 1992.[16] Currently 600 T-55s are in service and are to be replaced with M60 Pattons.
T-62 T62 Afghanistan.JPG Main battle tank 170 1973-1991 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 100 ordered in 1973 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1975 and 1976. 155 ordered in 1979 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1979 and 1991 (the vehicles were probably previously in Soviet service). T-62 variants in service with the Afghan army were T-62, T-62M and T-62M1.

الدفاع الجوي

الطراز صورة النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
BM-21 Grad 1372 bm 21 grad.JPG Multiple rocket launcher الاتحاد السوڤيتي
ZSU-23-4 ZSU 23-4.JPG Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 20 الاتحاد السوڤيتي 20 were delivered from USSR.
ZU-23-2 ZU-23-2 in Saint Petersburg.jpg Anti-aircraft gun 5000 الاتحاد السوڤيتي Mostly left by the Soviet Union at the time of the withdrawal
ZPU-4 Anti-aircraft gun الاتحاد السوڤيتي Variants include ZPU-1 and ZPU-2.
2A18 Artilleryman of the Afghan National Army.jpg Howitzer الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M1937 152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20) 1.jpg Howitzer الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M1943 D1 howitzer kiev.jpg Howitzer الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M1938 M30 howitzer nn 1.jpg Howitzer الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M114 USArmy M114 howitzer.jpg Howitzer 24 الولايات المتحدة
Scud SCUD 2.JPG Tactical ballistic missile الاتحاد السوڤيتي Scud missiles were used in several regional conflicts that included use by Soviet and Afghan Communist forces in Afghanistan, and Iranians and Iraqis against one another in the so-called "War of the cities".


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الأسلحة

الطراز النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
Makarov PM Semi-automatic pistol الاتحاد السوڤيتي
Stechkin APS Semi-automatic pistol الاتحاد السوڤيتي
TT pistol Semi-automatic pistol الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M9 pistol Semi-automatic pistol إيطاليا
Mosin-Nagant Bolt action rifle الاتحاد السوڤيتي
AKM Assault rifle الاتحاد السوڤيتي
AK-47 Assault rifle الاتحاد السوڤيتي Phased out of the service since 2008.
AK-74 Assault rifle الاتحاد السوڤيتي Remaining in national inventories from the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
Type 56 Assault rifle Assault rifle الصين
M16 rifle Assault rifle 104,000 2007-2009 الولايات المتحدة The U.S. military provide the Afghan army with M-16 rifles as part of an modernization effort.
M4 carbine Assault rifle 2,200 2008-2009 الولايات المتحدة Only used by Afghan Army commandos. M4s sold as part of a 2006 Foreign Military Sales package. Additional M4s sold as a 2008 Foreign Military Sales package.
C7 Assault rifle 2,500 2007-2008 كندا In December 2007, Canada agreed to donate 2,500 surplus C7 rifles to the Afghan National Army along with training and ammunition.
M24 Sniper Weapon System Sniper rifle 1544 الولايات المتحدة
Dragunov sniper rifle Sniper rifle الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M249 SAW Light machine gun 2,600 بلجيكا
M240 machine gun General purpose machine gun 4,300 بلجيكا
RPK ATM General purpose machine gun الاتحاد السوڤيتي
PK machine gun General purpose machine gun الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M2 Heavy machine gun 576 الولايات المتحدة
DShK Heavy Machine Gun الاتحاد السوڤيتي
RPG-7 Rocket-propelled grenade الاتحاد السوڤيتي
SPG-9 Recoilless rifle الاتحاد السوڤيتي
GP-25 Grenade launcher الاتحاد السوڤيتي
M203 grenade launcher Grenade launcher 2,250 الولايات المتحدة
82 mm Medium Mortar Mortar 58 الاتحاد السوڤيتي
60mm M224 Mortar الولايات المتحدة
81mm M252 Mortar الولايات المتحدة


انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ British Battles: Second Afghan War (Battle of Maiwand)
  3. ^ British Battles: Second Afghan War (March to Kandahar and the Battle of Baba Wali)
  4. ^ أ ب Eur, Europa Publications Staff and Europa Publications. The Far East and Australasia 2003. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ أ ب Anthony Arnold. Afghanistan's two-party communism. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث J. Bruce Amstutz. The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Ed 2002 43rd, Taylor & Francis Group. The Europa World Year Book 2003. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-23. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ GlobalSecurity.org: Afghan Army graduates fifth battalion
  9. ^ SoldiersMagazine.com: Soldiers - the Official U.S. Army Magazine - March 2003
  10. ^ US Dept. of State: Cost of Freedom for Iraq Similar to Bringing Democracy to Others
  11. ^ US DoD: Afghan Army Has Made Great Progress, Says U.S. Officer
  12. ^ US Dept. of State: Afghanistan National Security Forces
  13. ^ Pajhwok Afghan News, Over 153,000 troops fighting 20,000 combatants: NATO
  14. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة U.S. Plans Vastly Expanded Afghan Security Force
  15. ^ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  16. ^ Армии стран мира : Вооруженные силы иностранных государств на 2001 год : А

قراءات إضافية

  • Antonio Giustozzi, ‘Shadow Ownership and SSR in Afghanistan,’ Chap. 11 in Tim Donnais (ed.) 'Local Ownership and Security Sector Reform,' DCAF/Lit Verlag, Zurich/Berlin, 2008 ‘Local Ownership.’ Portrays a varying level of vested interest/warlord subversion of reform among the various security agencies; little local ownership at the MOD/ANA despite several attempts to seize more local control and subvert the foreign process by not proving enough personnel, imposing different officers, and wanting a conscript force. The army is financially unsustainable even at 70,000 strong and not being trained for combat in small units.
  • Antonio Giustozzi, 'Auxiliary Force or National Army: Afghanistan ‘ANA’ and the COIN Effort,' 2002-2006, Small Wars and Insurgencies, Vol. 18, No.1, 45-67, March 2007
  • War, politics and society in Afghanistan, 1978-1992, By Antonio Giustozzi

وصلات خارجية


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