أتول ميدواي

Coordinates: 28°12′N 177°21′W / 28.200°N 177.350°W / 28.200; -177.350
Unincorporated U.S. Territory
Midway Islands
Island
علم Unincorporated U.S. Territory
النشيد: "The Star-Spangled Banner"
Satellite image of Midway Atoll
Satellite image of Midway Atoll
Unincorporated U.S. Territory is located in Hawaiian Islands
Unincorporated U.S. Territory
Unincorporated U.S. Territory
The Midway Atoll on the map
Unincorporated U.S. Territory is located in المحيط الهادي
Unincorporated U.S. Territory
Unincorporated U.S. Territory
Unincorporated U.S. Territory (المحيط الهادي)
الإحداثيات: 28°12′N 177°21′W / 28.200°N 177.350°W / 28.200; -177.350
Country الولايات المتحدة
Country subdivisionUnited States Minor Outlying Islands
Claimed by U.SAugust 28, 1867
المساحة
 • الإجمالي25٫6 ميل² (66٫3 كم²)
 • البر2٫4 ميل² (6٫2 كم²)
 • Lagoon23٫2 ميل² (60٫1 كم²)
التعداد
 (2010)
 • الإجمالي0
 • Estimate 
(2018)
40
 • الكثافة0�0/sq mi (0�0/km2)
منطقة التوقيتSamoa Time (UTC−11:00)
Orthographic projection centered over Midway.

أتول ميدواي Midway Atoll (play /ˈmɪdw/; تسمى أيضاً جزيرة ميدواي and جزر ميدواي; هاواي: Pihemanu Kauihelani) is a 2.4-square-mile (6.2 km2) هي جزيرة مرجانية في شمال المحيط الهادئ، قرب نهاية الشمال الغربي من أرخبيل هاواي، تقريباً عند ثلث الطريق بين هونولولو، بين هاواي، و طوكيو، اليابان. وهي فريدة من نوعها بين جزر هاواي، في منتصف الطريق يلاحظ UTC-11 (المعروف أيضا باسم توقيت ساموا)، إحدى عشرة ساعة قبل حسب التوقيت العالمي وساعة واحدة بعد the state of Hawaiʻi. Midway Atoll is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of الولايات المتحدة، and the former home of the Midway Naval Air Station (former ICAO PMDY). It is less than 140 nautical miles (259 km; 161 mi) east of the International Date Line, about 2,800 nautical miles (5,200 km; 3,200 mi) west of San Francisco, and 2,200 nautical miles (4,100 km; 2,500 mi) east of Tokyo. It consists of a ring-shaped barrier reef and several sand islets. The two significant pieces of land, Sand Island and Eastern Island, are habitat for millions of seabirds. The island sizes are shown here:

Island acres hectares
Sand Island 1,200 486
Eastern Island 334 135
Spit Island 6 2
Midway Atoll 1,540 623
Lagoon 14,800 6,000

According to other sources, Sand Island measures 1,250 acres (510 ha) in area and the lagoon within the fringing rim of coral reef 9,900 acres (4,000 ha). The atoll, which has a small population (approximately 60 in 2009, but no indigenous inhabitants), is designated an insular area under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, encompassing 590,991.50 acres (239,165.77 ha)[1] of land and water (mostly water) in the surrounding area, is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The visitor program reopened in January 2008 and there are facilities for visitors. Travel to the Atoll is possible through organized tour companies or as a FWS volunteer.[2][3] The tours focus on the ecology of Midway and the military history. The economy is derived solely from governmental sources and tourist fees. All food and manufactured goods are imported. The refuge and most of its surrounding area are part of the larger Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

Midway, as its name suggests, lies nearly halfway between North America and Asia, and almost halfway around the world from Greenwich, England. For statistical purposes, Midway is grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands.

Midway was the focus point of the Battle of Midway, one of the most important naval battles of the Pacific Campaign in الحرب العالمية الثانية, fought on June 4–6, 1942. Nearby the islands, the United States Navy defeated a Japanese attack against the Midway Islands, marking a turning point in the war in the Pacific Theater.

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الجغرافيا والجيولوجيا

360 degree panoramic view the low lying landscape of Eastern Island, Midway Atoll


التاريخ

القرن 19

The buildings of the Commercial Pacific Cable Company date back to 1903 (2008)

أوائل القرن 20

أتول ميدواي في نوفمبر 1941 ناظرين غرباً.


الحرب العالمية الثانية

Battle of Midway (Japanese air raid).jpg
Burning oil tanks during the Battle of Midway
الموقعSand Island, Midway Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands
بُنيَ1941
المعماريUnited States Navy
NRHP reference No.خطأ لوا: invalid capture index %2 in replacement string.
تواريخ بارزة
أضيف إلى NRHPMay 28, 1987[4] [5]
Designated NHLDMay 28, 1987[6]


الحرب الڤيتنامية-الكورية

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1970 2٬220—    
1980 453−79.6%
1990 13−97.1%
2000 4−69.2%
2010 0−100.0%

اختصاص المدنية

Unofficial flag.


Video of Spinner Dolphins taken at Midway Atoll

الرحلة دلتا ايرلاينز 277

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الحياة البرية

Albatrosses at Midway Atoll.

القضايا البيئية

Marine debris with Laysan Albatross chicks.


Marine debris

التسمم بالرصاص

تسونامي 2011

النقل

انظر أيضاً

هوامش

  1. ^ USFWS Lands Report, 30 September 2007
  2. ^ FWS Website, Visiting Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, 30 January 2011
  3. ^ FWS Website, Volunteer at Midway Atoll NWR, 30 January 2011
  4. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. أبريل 15, 2008.
  5. ^ NHL designations
  6. ^ أ ب "World War II Facilities at Midway". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved September 5, 2009.

خطأ استشهاد: الوسم <ref> ذو الاسم "FWSbirds" المُعرّف في <references> غير مستخدم في النص السابق.

خطأ استشهاد: الوسم <ref> ذو الاسم "FWSmarine" المُعرّف في <references> غير مستخدم في النص السابق.

المصادر

  • Ladd, H. S.; Tracey, J. I., Jr.; Gross, M. G. (1967). "Drilling on Midway Atoll, Hawaii". Science. 156 (3778): 1088–1095. doi:10.1126/science.156.3778.1088. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Also reprinted here.

وصلات خارجية