بيت پلانتاجنت

House of Plantagenet
Armorial of Plantagenet
البيت الأم	Angevins
البلد	Kingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Lordship of Ireland, Principality of Wales
تأسست	1126
المؤسس	Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
آخر حاكم	Richard III of England
الألقاب	King of England King of the Romans Lord of Ireland Prince of Wales Duke of Aquitaine Duke of Normandy Duke of Brittany Count of Anjou Count of Maine Count of Nantes Count of Poitou Lord of Cyprus Plantagenet claim to France Plantagenet claim to Jerusalem Plantagenet claim to Sicily Plantagenet claim to Rome Plantagenet claim to Castile
الانحلال	1485
الفروع	House of Lancaster House of York

بيت پلانتاجنت (إنگليزية: Plantagenet؛ /plænˈtædʒənət/ plan-TAJ-ə-nət) هي أسرة حكمت إنكلترا بين عامي 1154 - 1485. بعد أن قام وليام القاهر باحتلال إنكلترا عام 1066 أنشأ ما عرف بالأسرة النورماندية وظلت تحكم 88 عاما حتى تزوجت حفيدته ماتيلدا ابنة هنري الأول الكونت جوفري بلإنتاجينيه كونت أنجو (لذا تدعى أحيانا بالأنجوية) وساعدها ضد قريبها الملك ستيفن، وبعد أن كانت الأملاك الفرنسية تضم نورماندي وماين منذ عهد وليام الفاتح فقد ضمت أيضا مقاطعة أنجو وعندما تزوج ابنهما هنري من إليانور دي أكيتان ضم أملاكها وأصبح يملك من الأراضي الفرنسية أكثر من ملك فرنسا نفسه.

 الملوك

• هنري الثاني من إنكلترا 1154 – 1189: ابن ماتيلدا وجفري پلانتاجنت، تزوج قبل حكمه إليانور دي أكيتان، وأعلن نفسه ملكا على بريتاني وأيرلندا عام1171.
• ريتشارد الأول (قلب الأسد) 1187– 1199: أحد أشهر ملوك إنكلترا وأشجعهم، شارك في الحملة الصليبية الثالثة.
• جون من إنجلترا 1199 – 1216: شقيق ريتشارد، وقع ماگنا كارتا لتخفيف سلطة الملوك.
• هنري الثالث 1216 – 1272: حكم في التاسعة وكان ضعيفا وامتلأ عهده بالثورات.
• إدوارد الأول (طويل الساقين) 1272 – 1307: احتل ويلز وحطم تمرد الاسكتلنديين بقيادة وليام والاس، طرد اليهود من إنكلترا.
• إدوارد الثاني من إنكلترا 1307 – 1327: كان حكمه ضعيفا وأعلنت اسكتلندا الاستقلال بعد هزيمته في بانوكبرن عام 1314 فخلع ومات في السجن.
• إدوارد الثالث من إنگكلترا 1327 – 1377 : بدأ حرب المائة عام وانتصر على الفرنسيين في سلويس وكريسي.

إدوارد الأمير الأسود لم يحكم أحد أبطال حرب المائة عام وسحق الفرنسيين في بواتييه، مات سنة 1376.

• ريتشارد الثاني 1377 – 1399: خلف جده بعد موت أبيه إدوارد الأمير الأسود وهو في العاشرة، نشبت في عهده ثورة الفلاحين بقيادة وات تايلر 1381، خلع ومات في السجن.

بعد ريتشارد الثاني تفاقمت المشاكل في الأسرة بين أحفاد إدوارد الثالث أبناء جون دوق لانكاستر فيما يعرف بـأسرة لانكاستر من جهة وأبناء ليونيل وإدموند من جهة أخرى فيما يعرف بـأسرة يورك.

 أسرة لانكاستر

• هنري الرابع 1399 – 1413 سجن ريتشارد الثاني وأخمد العديد من الثورات.

• هنري الخامس 1413 – 1422 هزم الفرنسيين في أجينكور ووقع معاهدة تروا لضمان عرش فرنسا.
• هنري السادس 1422 – 1461، 1470 – 1471 حكم وهو رضيع، انهزم أمام شارل السابع ملك فرنسا في حرب السنوات المائة واندلعت في عهده حرب الوردتين.

 أسرة يورك

• إدوارد الرابع 1461 – 1470 و 1471 – 1483
• إدوارد الخامس 1483 توج في عمر 12 سنة، خلعه عمه ريتشارد وسجنه فمات هناك.
• ريتشارد الثالث 1483 – 1485 خلع ابن أخيه واتحد أعداؤه ضده خلف هنري تيودور فانهزم أمامه في معركة بوزوورث

حينما تزوجت الأميرة مارغريت من نسل جون أوف لانكاستر من سليل أسرة ويلزية يدعى إدموند تيودور أنجبت هنري تيودور الذي أنهى حرب الوردتين ووحد إنكلترا تحت سلطانه وعرف بـهنري السابع ودخلت إنكلترا معه في عهد جديد.

 شجرة العائلة

This family tree includes only male members of the House of Plantagenet who were born legitimate.

المفتاح

بيت لانكاستر

بيت يورك

جفري الخامس، كونت أنجو 1113–1151

Henry II، ملك إنگلترة 1133–1189

Geoffrey، Count of Nantes 1134–1158

William FitzEmpress 1136–1164

Henry، الملك الأصغر لإنگلترة 1155–1183

Richard I، ملك إنگلترة 1157–1199

Geoffrey II، Duke of Brittany 1158–1186

جون، ملك إنگلترة 1167–1216

Arthur I، Duke of Brittany 1187–1203

Henry III، ملك إنگلترة 1207–1272

Richard، ملك ألمانيا 1209–1272

إدوارد الأول، ملك إنگلترة 1239–1307

Edmund، 1st Earl of Lancaster 1245–1296

Henry of Almain 1235–1271

Edmund، 2nd Earl of Cornwall 1249–1300

Alphonso، Earl of Chester 1273–1284

Edward II، ملك إنگلترة 1284–1327

Thomas، 1st Earl of Norfolk 1300–1338

Edmund، 1st Earl of Kent 1301–1330

Thomas، 2nd Earl of Lancaster 1278–1322

Henry، 3rd Earl of Lancaster 1281–1345

Edward III، ملك إنگلترة 1312–1377

John، Earl of Cornwall 1316–1336

Edmund، 2nd Earl of Kent 1326–1331

John، 3rd Earl of Kent 1330–1352

Henry، 1st Duke of Lancaster 1310–1361

Edward، Prince of Wales 1330–1376

Lionel، 1st Duke of Clarence 1338–1368

John، 1st Duke of Lancaster 1340–1399

Edmund, 1st Duke of York 1341–1402

Thomas، 1st Duke of Gloucester 1355–1397

Richard II، ملك إنگلترة 1367–1400

Henry IV، ملك إنگلترة 1366–1413

Edward، 2nd Duke of York 1373–1415

Richard، 3rd Earl of Cambridge 1375–1415

Humphrey، 2nd Earl of Buckingham 1381–1399

Henry V، ملك إنگلترة 1386–1422

Thomas، 1st Duke of Clarence 1387–1421

John، 1st Duke of Bedford 1389–1435

Humphrey، 1st Duke of Gloucester 1390–1447

Richard، 3rd Duke of York 1411–1460

Henry VI، ملك إنگلترة 1421–1471

Edward IV، ملك إنگلترة 1442–1483

Edmund، Earl of Rutland 1443–1460

George، 1st Duke of Clarence 1449–1478

Richard III، ملك إنگلترة 1452–1485

Edward، Prince of Wales 1453–1471

Edward V، ملك إنگلترة 1470-?

Richard، 1st Duke of York 1473-?

Edward، 17th Earl of Warwick 1475–1499

Edward، Prince of Wales 1473–1484

 للاستزادة

أظهر

الألقاب

 الألقاب

–

Title	Held	Designation and details
Count of Anjou	870–1204	ancestral family title, originating with Ingelger. Remained under direct control of the Plantagenets until Philip II of France captured the county and merged it with the House of Capet royal holdings.
Count of Maine	1110–1203	ancestral family title, inherited by the House of Anjou after the marriage of Ermengarde of Maine with Fulk V of Anjou. It was captured and merged into the House of Capet royal holdings.
King of Jerusalem	1131–1143	title held by the grandfather of Henry II of England named Fulk of Jerusalem. Ruled for a while by their cousins. The Plantagenets followed up their claim in the Third and Ninth Crusades but never regained it.
Duke of Normandy	1144–1485	also used Count of Mortain title. Due to be handed to the Plantagenets during The Anarchy but Geoffrey V of Anjou conquered it early. Mainland holdings lost to Valois in 1259, but title continued to be used in relation to Channel Islands. Eventually lost to House of Tudor.
Duke of Aquitaine	1152–1422	titles Duke of Gascony and Count of Poitiers also used. The Duchy became part of the Plantagenet holdings after Eleanor of Aquitaine married Henry II. Eventually lost to House of Valois.
King of England	1154–1485	title became part of the Plantagenet holdings after the Treaty of Wallingford. The title was inherited through Matilda, Lady of the English. Eventually lost to the House of Tudor.
Lord of Ireland	1177–1485	title was a Plantagenet holding since 1177, replacing the High Kings of Ireland title. Eventually lost to the Tudors; Henry VIII of England later raised the Lordship to a Monarchal title.
Duke of Brittany	1181–1203	title Count of Nantes also used. Became Plantagenet title after marriage of Constance, Duchess of Brittany and Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany. Strongly linked to Earl of Richmond title.
Lord of Cyprus	1191–1192	title was briefly held by Richard the Lionheart after his conquest of the island, he then sold the island to Guy of Lusignan who raised Cyprus from a Lordship into the Kingdom of Cyprus.
King of Sicily	1254–1263	titular claim rather than de facto. Pope Alexander IV had declared Sicily a papal possession and offered the crown to Henry III's son Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. The next Pope reversed the offer and the Plantagenets never succeeded in taking the kingdom, but took the claim seriously.
King of Germany and King of the Romans	1257–1272	Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall was elected king in opposition to the claim of Alfonso X of Castile, and after extensive lobbying and bribery. He was crowned in 1257 at Aachen as King of Germany. As such, he could claim the title of King of the Romans as emperor-elect. Since the pope supported Alfonso, he never crowned Richard as emperor. Richard only made four brief visits to Germany, and his sons were not considered as possible successors.
Prince of Wales	1301–1484	Originally a fief of the Angevin Empire, it was given to the first-born son of the King of England after the Aberffraw dynasty rebelled against their vassal. Eventually lost to the Tudors.
King of France	1340–1485	Mostly titular, rather than de facto. The Plantagenets claimed to be the senior continuation of the House of Capet after the Direct Capetians line came to an end. During part of the Lancastrian period of rule there was a time when this was de facto rulership.

أظهر

عهود ملوك پلانتاجنت على إنگلترة

 عهود ملوك پلانتاجنت على إنگلترة

پورتريه	Name	From	Until	Relationship with predecessor
	Henry II of England (Henry Curtmantle)	19 December 1154	6 July 1189	son of Empress Matilda, heir to the English throne but was usurped by his cousin, Stephen I of England.
	Henry the Young King	14 June 1170	11 June 1183	coregent at age 15 onwards with his father, Henry II of England.
	Richard I of England (Richard Cœur de Lion, or the "Lionheart")	3 September 1189	6 April 1199	son of Henry II of England.
	John of England (John Lackland)	27 May 1199	19 October 1216	son of Henry II of England. Brother of issueless Richard I of England.
	Henry III of England	28 October 1216	16 November 1272	son of John of England.
	Edward I of England (Edward Longshanks)	20 November 1272	7 July 1307	son of Henry III of England.
	Edward II of England	7 July 1307	25 January 1327	son of Edward I of England.
	Edward III of England	25 January 1327	21 June 1377	son of Edward II of England.
	Richard II of England (Richard "of Bordeaux")	21 June 1377	29 September 1399	son of Edward, the Black Prince and grandson of Edward III of England.
	Henry IV of England (Henry Bolingbroke)	30 September 1399	20 March 1413	First King from the House of Lancaster, cousin of Richard II of England, whom he had murdered. Son of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and grandson of Edward III.
	Henry V of England	20 March 1413	31 August 1422	son of Henry IV of England.
	Henry VI of England	31 August 1422	4 March 1461	son of Henry V of England.
		30 October 1470	11 April 1471
	Edward IV of England	4 March 1461	30 October 1470	First King of the House of York, cousin of Henry VI of England. Son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, common heir-general of Lionel of Antwerp and Edmund of Langley, both sons of Edward III
		11 April 1471	9 April 1483
	Edward V of England	9 April 1483	25 June 1483	son of Edward IV of England.
	Richard III of England	26 June 1483	22 August 1485	uncle of Edward V of England. Son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York.

أظهر

خط زمني للملوك

 خط زمني للملوك

 الهامش

 Bibliography

• Aberth, John (2000). From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, War, Plague, and Death in the Later Middle Ages. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92715-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ackroyd, Peter (2000). London – A Biography. Vintage. ISBN 0-09-942258-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ackroyd, Peter (2011). Foundation: The History of England Volume 1 (History of England Vol 1). MacMillan. ISBN 1-4472-0370-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Allen, R.C. (2001). The Great divergence in European wages and prices from the middle ages to the First World War. Explorations in Economic History. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ashley, Mike (2003). A Brief History of British Kings and Queens. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Barber, Richard (2003). Henry Plantagenet. Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-993-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bartlett, Robert (1999). England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925101-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Benjamin, Marcus (1910). Appleton's New Practical Cyclopedia. University of Michigan. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Carlton, Charles (2003). Royal Warriors: A Military History of the British Monarchy. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-47265-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Carpenter, David (1990). The Minority of Henry III. Methuen. ISBN 0-520-07239-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Carter, A.T. (1986). A History of English Legal Institutions. Fred B Rothman & Co. ISBN 0-8377-2007-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Churchill, Winston (1958). A History of the English Speaking Peoples. Fred B Rothman & Co. ISBN 0-8377-2007-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hamilton, George L; MacFarlane, Charles (1838). 'The Pictorial History of England'. C Knight. {{cite book}}: |first3= missing |last3= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Contramine, Phillipe (1992). Histoire militaire de la France (tome 1, des origines à 1715). PUF. ISBN 2-13-048957-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Crofton, Ian (2007). The Kings and Queens of England. Quercus. ISBN 1-84724-065-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Danziger, Danny; Gillingham, John (2003). 1215: The Year of Magna Carta. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-82475-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Davies, Norman (1997). Europe – A History. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6633-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Davies, Norman (1999). The Isles – A History. MacMillan. ISBN 0-333-76370-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Downs, Tom (2004). Ireland. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74104-078-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Favier, Jean (1993). Dictionnaire de la France médiévale. Paris: Fayard. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Fowler, Kenneth Alan (1967). The Age of Plantagenet and Valois: The Struggle for Supremacy, 1328–1498. Putnam. ISBN 0-236-30832-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Froissart, Jean (1968). Chronicles (translation). Penguin. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gardiner, Juliet (2000). The History Today Who's who in British History. Collins & Brown. ISBN 1-85585-882-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Goodman, Anthony (1981). The Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English Society, 1452–97. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-05264-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Grant, Alexander (1995). Uniting the Kingdom?: The Making of British History. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-13041-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Grant, Lindy (2005). Architecture and Society in Normandy, 1120–1270. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10686-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Green, V.H.H. (1955). The Later Plantagenets: A Survey of English History Between 1307–1485. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-7131-5176-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hattendorf, John B. (203). Ian Friel. The English and War at Sea. c.1200-c1500 in War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Boydell. ISBN 0-85115-903-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hebditch, Felicity (2003). Tudors. Evans Brothers. ISBN 0-237-52572-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hicks, Michael (2010). The Wars of the Roses. Yale University Press.
• Hooper, Nicholas (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44049-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Horrox, Rosemary (1989). Richard III: A Study of Service. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-40726-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hilton, Rodney Howard (1984). The English Rising of 1381. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35930-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Jones, Dan (2012). The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England. HarperPress. ISBN 0-00-745749-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kelly, Amy (1978). Eleanor of Aquitaine and the four kings. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-24254-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lane Poole, Austin (1993). From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285287-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Larned, Josephus Nelson (1922). The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research. C.A. Nichols Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lauterpacht, Hersch (1957). Volume 20 of International Law Reports. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-46365-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lawless, Emily (2008). The Story of Ireland. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 0-554-33359-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• MacDougall, N (2001). An Antidote to the English: the Auld Alliance, 1295–1560. Tuckwell Press. p. 9. ISBN 1-86232-145-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Maddicot, J.R. (1970). Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821837-0. OCLC 132766. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Marshall, H.E. (2006). Our Island Story: A History of England for Boys and Girls. Yesterday's Classics. ISBN 1-59915-009-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Mate, Mavis (1992). "The economic and social roots of medieval popular rebellion: Sussex in 1450–1451". Economic History Review. 45 (4): 661–676.
• Mate, Mavis (2006). Trade and Economic Developments 1450–1550: The Experience of Kent, Surrey and Sussex. Boydell Press.
• McKisack, M. (1959). The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821712-9. OCLC 183353136. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Meade, Marion (1991). Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-015338-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Morris, John E (1910). Great Britain and Ireland: A History for Lower Forms. Cambridge University Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Mortimer, Ian (2003). The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England: 1327—1330. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0-312-34941-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Mundill, Robin R. (2002). England's Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262–1290. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-521-52026-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Neville Figgis, John (1896). The Divine Right of Kings. Cambridge University Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Plant, John S (2007). "The Tardy Adoption of the Plantagenet Surname". Nomina. 30: 57–84. ISSN 0141-6340. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Phillips, J. R. S. (1972). Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307–1324. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822359-5. OCLC 426691. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Pollack and Maitland (1975). The History of the English Law, Second Edition Volume 2. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 332–335, 337, 354–356, 608–610. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Powicke, F.M. (1953). The Oxford History of England: The Thirteenth Century 1216–1307. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821708-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Prestwich, Michael (2007). Plantagenet England 1225–1360. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-922687-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07157-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Prestwich, M.C. (1980). The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272–1377. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-77730-0. OCLC 185679701. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Prestwich, M.C. (2005). Plantagenet England: 1225–1360. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822844-9. OCLC 185767800. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rogers, Clifford J (1999). The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 0-85115-646-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rothwell, H. (ed.) (1975). English Historical Documents III, 1189–1327. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 527–539. ISBN 0-413-23310-3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rubenstein, W.D. (1996). A History of the Jews in the English-Speaking World: Great Britain. Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-55833-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Saul, Nigel (1997). Richard II. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07003-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schama, Simon (2000). A History of Britain – At the edge of the world. BBC. ISBN 0-563-53483-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Smedley, Edward (1836). The History of France, from the final partition of the Empire of Charlemagne to the Peace of Cambray. Baldwin and Craddock. p. 72. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Smith, Richard M (1991). Demographic developments in rural England, 1300–1348: a survey". In B.M.S. Campbell. Before the Black Death: Studies in The 'Crisis' of the Early Fourteenth Century. Manchester University Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 0-7190-3208-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Stanford, John L (2002). The Great Governing Families of England. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 1-4021-5901-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Stubbs, William (1875). The Constitutional History of England. The Clarendon Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sumption, Jonathan (1990). Trial by Battle: The Hundred Years War, Vol. 1: Trial by Battle v. 1. Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-20095-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Swanson, R.N. (1995). Religion and Devotion in Europe, c. 1215-c. 1515. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37950-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Turchin, Peter V (2003). Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall. Princeton. ISBN 0-691-11669-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Turner, Ralph V (2003). Magna Carta: Through the Ages. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-43826-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Turner, Ralph V (1994). King John (The Medieval World). Longman Medieval World Series. ISBN 978-0-582-06726-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• United Nations (1992). Summaries of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders of the International Court of Justice: Minquiers and Ecrehos Case Judgment of 17 November 1953. United Nations. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Vauchez, Andre (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Routledge. ISBN 1-57958-282-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wagner, John (2001). Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-358-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Warren, Wilfred Lewis (1978). King John, Revised Edition. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03643-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Waugh, Scott L (1991). England in the Reign of Edward III. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31039-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Weir, Alison (1995). Lancaster & York – The Wars of the Roses. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6674-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Weir, Alison (2006). Isabella:She-wolf of France, Queen of Englandl Families. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-7126-4194-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

 وصلات خارجية

— بيت ملكي — House of Plantagenet الفرع الأصغر من Angevins الاطاحة: 1485 الحل: 1541
سبقه House of Blois	Ruling House of England 1154–1485	تبعه House of Tudor
سبقه House of Penthièvre	Ruling House of Brittany 1181–1203	تبعه House of Thouars