قائمة الملوك الفرنسيين
| Monarchy France | |
|---|---|
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| التفاصيل | |
| الأسلوب | انظر Style of the French sovereign |
| أول عاهل | كلوڤيس الأول (as King of the Franks) |
| آخر عاهل | ناپليون الثالث (كإمبراطور) |
| التشكيل | 428 |
| الإلغاء | 24 فبراير 1848 (عاهل ملكي) 4 سبتمبر 1870 (عاهل إمبراطوري) |
| المعيـِّن | Hereditary |
| المُطالب | Disputed Prince Louis (House of Bourbon) Prince Henri (House of Orléans) Jean Christophe (House of Bonaparte) |
ملوك فرنسا حكموا، في البداية كملوك ولاحقاً كإمبراطورات (البوناپرتيون فقط)، منذ تأسيس مملكة فرنسا في العصور الوسطى حتى 1870. وهناك بعض الاختلاف حول متى برزت فرنسا للوجود. أحد التواريخ المحتملة هو تأسيس المملكة الفرنكية المروڤنجية من قِبل كلوڤيس الأول في 486 مع هزيمة سياگريوس، آخر مسئول روماني في بلاد الغال. حكام تلك المملكة أطيح بهم في القرن الثامن. معاهدة ڤردن أسست مملكة فرنسيا الغربية في 843.
In light of these trends, this article lists all rulers to have held the title "King of France" or "King of the Franks". For other Frankish monarchs, see List of Frankish Kings.
| پورتريه | الاسم | ملك منذ | ملك حتى | العلاقة بسلفه | اللقب |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chlodio the Longhair (Clodion le Chevelu) |
428 | 448 | • Son of Theudemeres | King of the Salian Franks (Roi des Francs saliens) |
|
Merovech (Mérovée) |
448 | 457 | • Son of Chlodio | King of the Salian Franks (Roi des Francs saliens) |
|
Childeric I (Childéric Ier) |
457 | 481 | • Son of Merovech | King of the Salian Franks (Roi des Francs saliens) |
|
Clovis I (Clovis Ier) |
481 | 511 | • Son of Childeric I | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Childebert I (Childebert Ier) |
511 | 23 December 558 | • Son of Clovis I | King of Paris (Roi de Paris) |
|
Chlothar I the Old (Clotaire Ier le Vieux) |
23 December 558 | 29 November 561 | • Son of Clovis I • Younger brother of Childebert I |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
_-_Caribert,_roi_franc_de_Paris_et_de_l%27ouest_de_Gaule_(mort_en_567).jpg)
|
Charibert I (Caribert Ier) |
29 November 561 | 567 | • Son of Chlothar I | King of Paris (Roi de Paris) |
|
Chilperic I (Chilpéric Ier) |
567 | 584 | • Son of Chlothar I • Younger brother of Charibert I |
King of Paris (Roi de Paris) King of Neustria (Roi de Neustrie) |
|
Chlothar II the Great, the Young (Clotaire II le Grand, le Jeune) |
584 | 18 October 629 | • Son of Chilperic I | King of Neustria (Roi de Neustrie) King of Paris (Roi de Paris) (595–629) King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) (613–629) |
|
Dagobert I (Dagobert Ier) |
18 October 629 | 19 January 639 | • Son of Chlothar II | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Clovis II the Lazy (Clovis II le Fainéant) |
19 January 639 | 31 October 657 | • Son of Dagobert I | King of Neustria and Burgundy (Roi de Neustrie et de Bourgogne) |
|
Chlothar III (Clotaire III) |
31 October 657 | 673 | • Son of Clovis II | King of Neustria and Burgundy (Roi de Neustrie et de Bourgogne) King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) (657–663) |
|
Childeric II (Childéric II) |
673 | 675 | • Son of Clovis II • Younger brother of Chlothar III |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Theuderic III (Thierry III) |
675 | 691 | • Son of Clovis II • Younger brother of Childeric II |
King of Neustria (Roi de Neustrie) King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) (687–691) |
_-_Clovis_III_roi_d%27Austrasie_en_691_(682-695).jpg)
|
Clovis IV (Clovis IV) |
691 | 695 | • Son of Theuderic III | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Childebert III the Just (Childebert III le Juste) |
695 | 23 April 711 | • Son of Theuderic III • Younger brother of Clovis IV |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Dagobert III | 23 April 711 | 715 | • Son of Childebert III | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Chilperic II (Chilpéric II) |
715 | 13 February 721 | • Probably son of Childeric II | King of Neustria and Burgundy (Roi de Neustrie et de Bourgogne) King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) (719–721) |
|
Theuderic IV (Thierry IV) |
13 February 721 | 737 | • Son of Dagobert III | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Carolingian Interregnum (737–743)
The last Merovingian kings, known as the lazy kings (rois fainéants) did not hold any real political power, while the Mayor of the Palace governed instead. When Theuderic IV died in 737, Mayor of the Palace Charles Martel left the throne vacant and continued to rule until his own death in 741. His son Pepin the Short briefly restored the Merovingian dynasty by raising Childeric III to the throne in 743, only to depose him in 751.
Merovingian Dynasty, Restored (743–752)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_-_Child%C3%A9ric_III_roy_de_France_(754).jpg)
|
Childeric III (Childéric III) |
743 | November 751 | • Son of Chilperic II or of Theuderic IV | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
Carolingian Dynasty (752–987)
Three of the twelve kings during the 147 year Carolingian Dynasty, Odo, his brother Robert I and Robert's son in law Raoul/Rudolph, were not from the Carolingian Dynasty but from the rival Robertian Dynasty, named for Robert the Strong (father of Odo and Robert I). The Robertian Dynasty became the Capetian Dynasty with the ascent to the throne of Hugh Capet (son of Hugh the Great, son of Robert I) in 987. The rise and fall of Carolingian Charles III played out during the ascent of these Robertian kings.
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pepin the Short (Pépin le Bref) |
752 | 24 September 768 | • Son of Charles Martel | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Carloman I | 24 September 768 | December 4, 771 | • Son of Pepin the Short | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Charlemagne | 24 September 768 | 28 January 814 | • Son of Pepin the Short | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) (800–814) |
|
Louis I the Pious, the Debonaire (Louis Ier le Pieux, le Débonnaire) |
28 January 814 | 20 June 840 | • Son of Charlemagne | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) |
|
Charles II the Bald (Charles II le Chauve) |
20 June 840 | 6 October 877 | • Son of Louis I | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) (875–877) |
|
Louis II the Stammerer (Louis II le Bègue) |
6 October 877 | 10 April 879 | • Son of Charles II | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Louis III | 10 April 879 | 5 August 882 | • Son of Louis II | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Carloman II | 10 April 879 | 6 December 884 | • Son of Louis II | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Charles the Fat (Charles le Gros) |
20 May 885 | 13 January 888 | • Son of Louis the German • Cousin of Louis II and Carloman II • Grandson of Louis I the Pious |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) (881–887) |
|
Odo of Paris (Eudes de Paris) |
29 February 888 | 1 January 898 | • Son of Robert the Strong (Robertians) • Elected king against young Charles III. |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
_-_Charles_III,_dit_le_simple,_roi_de_France_en_896_(879-929).jpg)
|
Charles III the Simple (Charles III le Simple) |
28 January 893 | 30 June 922 | • Posthumous son of Louis II • Younger half-brother of Louis III and Carloman II |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Robert I (Robert Ier) |
30 June 922 | 15 June 923 | • Son of Robert the Strong (Robertians) • Younger brother of Odo |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Rudolph (Raoul de France) |
13 July 923 | 14 January 936 | • Son of Richard, Duke of Burgundy (Bosonids) • Son-in-law of Robert I |
King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Louis IV from overseas (Louis IV d'Outremer) |
19 June 936 | 10 September 954 | • Son of Charles III | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Lothair (Lothaire de France) |
12 November 954 | 2 March 986 | • Son of Louis IV | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
|
Louis V the Lazy (Louis V le Fainéant) |
8 June 986 | 22 May 987 | • Son of Lothair | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
Capetian Dynasty (987–1792)
The Capetian Dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. The branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois and Bourbon.
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Direct Capetians (987 to 1328)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Hugh Capet (Hugues Capet) |
July 3, 987 | October 24, 996 | • Grandson of Robert I | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
| ملف:Seal of Robert II.jpg | Robert II the Pious, the Wise (Robert II le Pieux, le Sage) |
October 24, 996 | July 20, 1031 | • Son of Hugh Capet | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Henry I (Henri Ier) |
July 20, 1031 | August 4, 1060 | • Son of Robert II | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Philip I (Philippe Ier l' Amoureux) |
August 4, 1060 | July 29, 1108 | • Son of Henry I | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Louis VI the Fat (Louis VI le Gros) |
July 29, 1108 | August 1, 1137 | • Son of Philip I | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Louis VII the Young (Louis VII le Jeune) |
August 1, 1137 | September 18, 1180 | • Son of Louis VI | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) |
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Philip II Augustus (Philippe II Auguste) |
September 18, 1180 | July 14, 1223 | • Son of Louis VII | King of the Franks (Roi des Francs) King of France (Roi de France) |
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Louis VIII the Lion (Louis VIII le Lion) |
July 14, 1223 | November 8, 1226 | • Son of Philip II Augustus | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Louis IX the Saint (Saint Louis) |
November 8, 1226 | August 25, 1270 | • Son of Louis VIII | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Philip III the Bold (Philippe III le Hardi) |
August 25, 1270 | October 5, 1285 | • Son of Louis IX | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Philip IV the Fair (Philippe IV le Bel) |
October 5, 1285 | November 29, 1314 | • Son of Philip III | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
| ملف:Louis X Le Hutin.jpg | Louis X the Quarreller (Louis X le Hutin) |
November 29, 1314 | June 5, 1316 | • Son of Philip IV | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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John I the Posthumous (Jean Ier le Posthume) |
November 15, 1316 | November 20, 1316 | • Son of Louis X | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Philip V the Tall (Philippe V le Long) |
November 20, 1316 | January 3, 1322 | • Son of Philip IV • Younger brother of Louis X |
King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Charles IV the Fair (Charles IV le Bel) |
January 3, 1322 | February 1, 1328 | • Son of Philip IV • Younger brother of Philip V |
King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
Not listed above are Hugh Magnus, eldest son of Robert II, and Philip of France, eldest son of Louis VI; both were co-Kings with their fathers (in accordance with the early Capetian practice whereby Kings would crown their heirs in their own lifetimes and share power with the co-king), but predeceased them. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as Kings of France, and are not given ordinals.
بيت ڤالوا (1328–1589)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Philip VI of Valois, the Fortunate (Philippe VI de Valois, le Fortuné) |
April 1, 1328 | August 22, 1350 | • Son of Charles of Valois, who was son of Philip III | King of France (Roi de France) |
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John II the Good (Jean II le Bon) |
August 22, 1350 | April 8, 1364 | • Son of Philip VI | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Charles V the Wise (Charles V le Sage) |
April 8, 1364 | September 16, 1380 | • Son of John II | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Charles VI the Beloved, the Mad (Charles VI le Bienaimé, le Fol) |
September 16, 1380 | October 21, 1422 | • Son of Charles V | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Charles VII the Victorious, the Well-Served (Charles VII le Victorieux, le Bien-Servi) |
October 21, 1422 | July 22, 1461 | • Son of Charles VI | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Louis XI the Prudent, the Universal Spider (Louis XI le Prudent, l'Universelle Aragne) |
July 22, 1461 | August 30, 1483 | • Son of Charles VII | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Charles VIII the Affable (Charles VIII l'Affable) |
August 30, 1483 | April 7, 1498 | • Son of Louis XI | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Valois–Orléans Branch (1498–1515)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Louis XII Father of the People (Louis XII le Père du Peuple) |
April 7, 1498 | January 1, 1515 | • Great-grandson of Charles V • Second cousin, and by first marriage son-in-law of Louis XI • By second marriage husband of Anne of Brittany, widow of Charles VIII |
King of France (Roi de France) |
Valois–Angoulême Branch (1515–1589)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Francis I the Father and Restorer of Letters (François Ier le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres) |
January 1, 1515 | March 31, 1547 | • Great-great-grandson of Charles V • First cousin once removed, and by first marriage son-in-law of Louis XII |
King of France (Roi de France) |
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Henry II (Henri II) |
March 31, 1547 | July 10, 1559 | • Son of Francis I | King of France (Roi de France) |
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Francis II (François II) |
July 10, 1559 | December 5, 1560 | • Son of Henry II | King of France and Scotland (Roi de France et d'Écosse) |
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Charles IX | December 5, 1560 | May 30, 1574 | • Son of Henry II • Younger brother of Francis II |
King of France (Roi de France) |
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Henry III (Henri III) |
May 30, 1574 | August 2, 1589 | • Son of Henry II • Younger brother of Charles IX |
King of France and Poland (Roi de France et de Pologne) |
House of Bourbon (1589–1792)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Henry IV, Good King Henry, the Green Gallant (Henri IV, le Bon Roi Henri, le Vert-Galant) |
August 2, 1589 | May 14, 1610 | • Tenth generation descendant of Louis IX in the male line • Grandnephew of Francis I • Second cousin, and by first marriage brother-in-law of Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III |
King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Louis XIII the Just (Louis XIII le Juste) |
May 14, 1610 | May 14, 1643 | • Son of Henry IV | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Louis XIV the Great, the Sun King (Louis XIV le Grand, le Roi Soleil) |
May 14, 1643 | September 1, 1715 | • Son of Louis XIII | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Louis XV the Beloved (Louis XV le Bien-Aimé) |
September 1, 1715 | May 10, 1774 | • Great-grandson of Louis XIV | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Louis XVI the Last (Louis XVI le Dernier) |
May 10, 1774 | September 21, 1792 | • Grandson of Louis XV | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) (1774–1789) King of the French (Roi des Français) (1789–1792) |
From January 21, 1793 to June 8, 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular King of France as Louis XVII; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this duration, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic. Upon Louis XVII's death, his uncle (Louis XVI's brother) Louis-Stanislas claimed the throne, as Louis XVIII, but only became de facto King of France in 1814.
First Republic (1792–1804)
The First French Republic lasted from 1792 to 1804, when its First Consul, Napoléon Bonaparte, declared himself Emperor of the French.
Bonaparte Dynasty, First Empire (1804–1814)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Napoleon I, the Great (Napoléon Ier, le Grand) |
May 18, 1804 | April 11, 1814 | - | Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français) |
Capetian Dynasty, House of Bourbon, Restored (1814–1815)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Louis XVIII | April 11, 1814 | March 20, 1815 | • Younger brother of Louis XVI/ uncle of Louis XVII | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
أسرة بوناپرت، الامبراطورية الأولى، مستعادة (المائة يوم، 1815)
| پورتريه | الاسم | ملك منذ | ملك حتى | العلاقة بسلفه | اللقب |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ناپليون الأول، الأكبر (Napoléon Ier, le Grand) |
20 مارس 1815 | 22 يونيو 1815 | - | امبراطور الفرنسيين (Empereur des Français) |
من 22 يونيو حتى 7 يوليو 1815، اعتبر البوناپرتيون أن ابن ناپليون الأول، ناپليون الثاني، هو الوريث الشرعي للعرش، his father having abdicated in his favor. However, the young child's reign was entirely fictional, as he was residing in Austria with his mother. Louis XVIII was reinstalled as king on July 7.
Capetian Dynasty, House of Bourbon, Restored (1815–1830)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Louis XVIII | July 7, 1815 | September 16, 1824 | • Younger brother of Louis XVI/ uncle of Louis XVII | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
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Charles X | September 16, 1824 | August 2, 1830 | • Younger brother of Louis XVIII | King of France and of Navarre (Roi de France et de Navarre) |
The elder son and heir of Charles X, the Dauphin Louis-Antoine, is occasionally considered to have legally been the King of France as Louis XIX in the 20 minutes that passed between Charles X's formal signature of abdication and the Dauphin's own signature.
Henri d'Artois, Charles X's grandson, was considered by monarchists to be the titular King of France, as Henry V from August 2, 1830 to August 9, 1830, but his reign remained largely fictional, as he acceeded in a revolutionary context and hence was never recognized by the French State. He is generally not accounted for in lists of official French monarchs.
الأسرة الكاپتية, بيت اورليانز (ملكية يوليو 1830–1848)
| Portrait | الاسم | ملك منذ | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Louis-Philippe I the Citizen King (Louis Philippe, le Roi Citoyen) |
August 9, 1830 | February 24, 1848 | • Sixth generation descendant of Louis XIII in the male line • Fifth cousin of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X |
King of the French (Roi des Français) |
الجمهورية الثانية (1848–1852)
The Second French Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French.
Bonaparte Dynasty, الامبراطورية الثانية، مستعادة (1852–1870)
| Portrait | Name | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Napoleon III (Napoléon III) |
December 2, 1852 | September 4, 1870 | • Nephew of Napoleon I | Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français) |
حكومة الدفاع الوطني (كميون باريس 1870–1871)
The transition period between the fall of the Second Empire after the capture of Napoleon III by the Prussians and the assumption of the Third Republic by General Louis Jules Trochu.
رؤوس الدولة بعد 1871
The chronology of Head of State of France continues with the Presidents of the French Republic and short term interim periods by the Chief of State of the French State (1940–1944), the Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946) and the president of the French Senate (1969 and 1974) during the Fifth Republic.
مطالبون لاحقون
Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the President of France, and of each other. These groups are:
- Legitimist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of the Bourbons, rejecting all heads of state since 1830. Unionists recognized the Orléanist claimant after 1883.
- Orléanist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of Louis-Phillippe, a cadet Bourbon, rejecting all heads of state since 1848.
- Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–52, and since 1870.
- Jacobite claimants to the throne of France—descendants of King Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne (renounced by Hanoverian King George III upon union with Ireland), also claiming Scotland, and Ireland.
انظر أيضاً
- Coronation of the French monarch
- Bourbon family tree
- English and French monarchs overlap chart
- English Kings of France
- Kings of France family tree
- Members of the French Royal Families
- Style of the French sovereign
الهامش
المصادر
- Edward James, The Origins of France: Clovis to the Capetians 500-1000. ISBN 0-333-27052-5.
- Edward James, The Franks. Blackwell: 1991. ISBN 0-631-17936-4.
- The history of France as recounted in the Grandes Chroniques de France, and particularly in the personal copy produced for King Charles V between 1370 and 1380 that is the saga of the three great dynasties, the Merovingians, Carolingians, and the Capetian Rulers of France, that shaped the institutions and the frontiers of the realm. It should be noted that this work was commissioned at a time that France was embroiled in the Hundred Years' War with England, a war fought over hereditary claims to the throne of France. It must therefore be read with a careful eye toward biases meant to justify the Capetian claims of continuity and inheritance.
- The Cambridge Illustrated History of France. Cambridge University Press.
- Paul Fouracre and Richard A. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-4791-9.
- Patrick Geary, Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford: Oxford U. Press, 1988. ISBN 0-19-504458-4.
- Patrick Geary, The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-691-11481-1.
