معمورة العزيز

(تم التحويل من Harput)
معمورة العزيز
Elazığ
Charpert ، خرپوط
بلدية
A view of İzzet Pasha Mosque in the city centre.
A view of İzzet Pasha Mosque in the city centre.
الختم الرسمي لـ معمورة العزيز
Seal
معمورة العزيز is located in تركيا
معمورة العزيز
معمورة العزيز
Location of Elazığ
الإحداثيات: 38°40′N 39°13′E / 38.667°N 39.217°E / 38.667; 39.217
CountryFlag of تركيا تركيا
RegionEastern Anatolia
ProvinceElazığ
الحكومة
 • MayorŞahin Şerifoğulları (AKP)
 • GovernorÖmer Faruk Koçak
المساحة
[1]
 • District2٬211٫07 كم² (853٫70 ميل²)
المنسوب
1٬067 m (3٬501 ft)
التعداد
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
347٬857
 • District
406٬300
 • كثافة District180/km2 (480/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+2 (EET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
23 xxx
مفتاح الهاتف(+90) 424
Licence plate23
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.elazig.bel.tr/

Elazığ (النطق التركي: [eˈlazɯː], كردي: Elezîz/Xarpêt[3]), formerly Mamuretülaziz, is a city in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, and the administrative centre of Elazığ Province. It is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley. The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of 1,067 metres (3,501 ft). Elazığ resembles an inland peninsula surrounded by the natural Lake Hazar and reservoirs of Keban Dam, Karakaya Dam, Kıralkızı and Özlüce.[4]

Elazığ was initially developed in 1834 as an extension of the historic city of Harput, which was situated on a hill and difficult to access in winter. ينتسب إليها العديد من الأسر التي تقطن حالياً الشام ومصر ومنهم الفنان الكوميدي الشهير نهاد قلعي أو حسني بورزان صديق غوار الطوشة.

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أصل الاسم

The ancient town and citadel of Harput was located about five kilometres (3.1 miles) from modern Elazığ; its name meant "rock fortress" in Armenian, and was pronounced Kharberd, in Eastern Armenian, and Kharpert Խարբերդ in Western Armenian) (Byzantine version, Charpete (Χάρπετε)).[بحاجة لمصدر]

In the 19th century, under the reign of Mahmud II, the governor Reşid Mehmed Pasha started an expansion of Mezre, a suburb located on the plain below Kharput. During the reign of Sultan Abdülazîz, military barracks, a hospital and a governor's mansion were built to accommodate the seat of a new vilâyet (province). The town was renamed "Mamuretülaziz" (تركية عثمانية: معمورة العزيز made prosperous by Aziz in Ottoman Turkish) in 1866 on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz, although he was not the initial founder. In time the city became known as "Elâzîz" due to its ease of pronunciation. On November 17, 1937, President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk changed the name of the city to "El'azık". However, since this was hard to pronounce in Turkish, on December 10, 1937, the government changed the city's name to its final form, "Elazığ".[5]


التاريخ

The city of Elazığ was founded among the skirts of the hill on which the historical Harput Castle was constructed. According to the present historical sources, the most ancient inhabitants of Harput was the Hurrian nation who settled in these parts in ح. 2000 B.C.

Harput and its surrounding region was part of the kingdom of Urartu at the period of its maximum extension.[6]

صورة التقطتها المبشرة النرويجية بوديل بيورن، التي كانت تعمل مع جمعية مبشرات بين النساء في سوريا وأرمينيا، في الفترة 1905-1917.

The ancient town and citadel called Kharput (Kharpert), which means "rocky fortress" in Armenian, was built by the first Armenian kings about five km (3.1 miles) from modern Elazığ. However, very little written material about this city reached our day. It is possible that Harput stands on or is near the site of Carcathio-certa in Sophene, reached by Corbulo in A.D. 65. The early Muslim geographers knew it as Ḥiṣn Ziyād, but the Armenian name, Khartabirt or Kharbirt, whence Kharput and Harput, was generally adopted in time.

William of Tyre wrote that Joscelin I, Count of Edessa (Jocelyn) of Courtenay, and King Baldwin II of Jerusalem were prisoners of the Amir Balak in Kharput's castle and that they were rescued by their Armenian allies. William of Tyre calls the place Quart Piert or Pierre.

خرپوط العثمانية ومعمورة العزيز

Harput and its vicinity fell under Turkish control in the year 1085 as the outcome of the معركة ملاذ كرد on August 26, 1071. The Çubukoğulları, Artuqids, Sultanate of Rum, Ilkhanate, Beylik of Dulkadir, Aq Qoyunlu, Safavids and Ottomans had reigned in the region.[7]

Harput was an important station of the American missionaries for many years. The missionaries built Euphrates College, a theological seminary, and boys' and girls' schools. It operated until 1915 when its buildings were confiscated and used by the Ottoman army as barracks. In November 1895, government-backed Turks and Kurds massacred, looted and burned the Armenian villages on the plain. In the same month, Harput was attacked and the American schools were burned down.[8][9] During the Armenian Genocide, many residents were killed.[10]

Harput is still partly settled today, but due to its high elevation and lack of water, it is slowly in the process of being abandoned, with most of its residents moving to Elazığ. Harput still has a few thousand inhabitants.

عصر الجمهورية التركية

الاقتصاد

Keban Dam على نهر الفرات

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Elazığ exported raisins, apricots and almonds to Europe. Opium was also grown in the area.[11] Honey was also produced, but not so much exported, but used by locals.[12] Gold was also found in the area in the early 20th century.[13]


الجغرافيا

Elazığ is situated at the northwestern corner of a 30-mile-long valley, known locally as Uluova (literally the Great Valley). The area's Armenians called this valley "Vosgetashd" (the Golden Plain). Its altitude is 3,300 feet (1,000 m), latitude and longitude of 38 degrees and 41 minutes North, and 39 degrees and 14 minutes East. Elazığ Province is surrounded by the Euphrates in the north, and since the completion of Keban Dam the rivers came to cover almost ten percent of the surface area (826 square kilometres (319 sq mi)) of the province (8,455 square kilometres (3,264 sq mi)). Elazığ's adjacent province borders are with: Tunceli (North), Erzincan (North-West), Bingöl (East), Diyarbakır (South), and Malatya (West).

المناخ

Elazığ has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa) with cold and snowy winters and hot and dry summers. However, due to the natural and artificial lakes around the city, some partial variations from this climate is experienced.[14]

Climate data for معمورة العزيز (1960-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.4
(54.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		26.4
(79.5) 		32.2
(90.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		38.6
(101.5) 		42.2
(108.0) 		41.4
(106.5) 		37.8
(100.0) 		32.1
(89.8) 		24.3
(75.7) 		19.6
(67.3) 		42.2
(108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2) 		4.9
(40.8) 		11.1
(52.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		34.3
(93.7) 		34.1
(93.4) 		29.4
(84.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		19.0
(66.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.8
(42.4) 		11.9
(53.4) 		17.2
(63.0) 		22.9
(73.2) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		21.6
(70.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		1.9
(35.4) 		13.1
(55.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.9
(25.0) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		1.0
(33.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		7.5
(45.5)
Record low °C (°F) −22.6
(−8.7) 		−21.4
(−6.5) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−17.7
(0.1) 		−22.6
(−8.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40.9
(1.61) 		40.9
(1.61) 		53.2
(2.09) 		65.1
(2.56) 		51.5
(2.03) 		12.8
(0.50) 		2.0
(0.08) 		0.7
(0.03) 		7.8
(0.31) 		43.5
(1.71) 		46.9
(1.85) 		43.6
(1.72) 		408.9
(16.1)
Average precipitation days 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.7 10.6 4.3 1.1 0.8 2.2 7.2 9.1 11.7 95.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 89.9 112 173.6 207 288.3 354 387.5 365.8 300 223.2 144 77.5 2٬722٫8
Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [1]


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المطبخ

Elazığ cuisine is the second richest among all cities in Turkey with 154 different types of food and drinks according to a study conducted by Ankara Chamber of Commerce.[15] Particularly those originated in the historic city of Harput have an important fame in the region and the country. Apart from famous meat platters most of which include meatballs, naturally dried fruits and vegetables and using them in main dishes are unique to Elazığ cuisine. Several examples could include:[4]

  • Kofik dolma - stuffed dried peppers or aubergines
  • Kelecoş - fried meat and onion served over a bed of flatbread pieces softened in yogurt
  • İşkene - a breakfast soup containing broth and vegetables
  • Harput köfte - meatballs made with a mixture of minced meat, cracked wheat, herbs and spices boiled in tomato sauce
  • Taş Ekmeği - unleavened flatbread baked over hot stone or hotplate served with butter and jam
  • Işkın yemeği - a wild rhubarb dish
  • Sırın - pan-broiled handmade filo pastry roundels with a layer of yogurt and tomato sauce on top
  • Kömme - baked handmade filo pastry roundels built with a layer of meat filling and a layer of walnut paste
  • Gaygana - a mixture of eggs, yogurt, bicarbonate, and flour drops fried in oil
  • Orcik - walnut halves sewn in a thread, dipped into deep grape syrup
  • Orcik şekeri - caramelised sugar coated walnut pieces

Elazığ is also very famous with its vineyards, and two types of grape varieties Öküzgözü and Boğazkere.

أبرز الأشخاص من معمورة العزيز

معالم

Harput Kalesi (Harput Castle)
Sarayhatun Camii in the town of Elazig
Mount Hazar Baba rises above Lake Hazar
  • Hazarbaba Ski Centre
  • Historic mosques (Cami in Turkish), churches and shrines (Türbe in Turkish)
    • Ulu Camii: Built by Artuqid Sultan Fahrettin Karaaslan in 1156. It is one of the oldest and important structures in Anatolia
    • Sarahatun Camii (also known as Sarayhatun Cami): Built by Sara Hatun, mother of Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) Sultan Bahadır Han (also known as Uzun Hassan), in 1465 as a small mosque. It was renovated in 1585 and 1843.
    • Kurşunlu Camii: Built between 1738 and 1739 in Harput during the Ottoman era.
    • Alacalı Camii
    • Ağall Camii: built in 1559.
    • مسجد وتربة عرپ بابا: بُنيت في عهد السلطان السلجوقي غياث الدين كيخسرو الثالث (ابن قلچ‌أرسلان الرابع) في 1279. يضم الضريح جسداً محنطاً يُعرف بين العامة بإسم عرپ بابا.
    • تربة فتيح أحمد بابا
    • تربة منصور بابا
    • Mary Church
    • Sefik Gul Community Center of Culture

العلاقات الدولية

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

معمورة العزيز متوأمة مع:

معرض صور

  • Hazarbaba

    Hazarbaba

  • Elazığ on a snowy day

    Elazığ on a snowy day

  • Elazığ train station

    Elazığ train station

  • Elazığ

    Elazığ

  • Old cemetery of Elazığ (with a cement plant behind it)

    Old cemetery of Elazığ (with a cement plant behind it)

المراجع

  1. ^ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ^ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. ^ Adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in التركية and الكردية). p. 56. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  4. ^ أ ب http://www.kultur.gov.tr/genel/medya/iltanitimbrosuru-eng/elazig_eng.pdf
  5. ^ "ELAZIĞ ismi nerden gelmiştir, adını nasıl almıştır, efsanesi hikayesi nedir - BilgilerSitesi.Com". www.bilgilersitesi.com.
  6. ^ Anatolian Iron Ages: the proceedings of the second Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at İzmir, 4–8 May 1987.
  7. ^ "Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Culture And Tourism". Kultur.gov.tr. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  8. ^ "History of Elazig". www.turkeyforyou.com.
  9. ^ Dadrian, Vahakn N. (2003). The History of the Armenian Genocide. Berghahn Books. p. 160. ISBN 1571816666.
  10. ^ Henry H. Riggs, "Days of Tragedy in Armenia: Personal Experiences in Harpoot, 1915-1917", 1997, Michigan.
  11. ^ Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 62.
  12. ^ Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 64.
  13. ^ Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 74.
  14. ^ "Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Culture And Tourism". Kultur.gov.tr. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  15. ^ "Lezzetli Ülkenin Lezzet Haritası (2008-01-05) - ANKARA TICARET ODASI ". Atonet.org.tr. 2008-01-05. Archived from the original on 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  16. ^ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.


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المصادر

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Elazığ

الكلمات الدالة:
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