الحرس الوطني للجيش الأمريكي

(تم التحويل من Army National Guard)
Army National Guard
Seal of the Army National Guard.png
Seal of the Army National Guard
نشطةAs state-funded militia under various names: 1636–1903
As federal reserve forces called the Army National Guard: 1903–present
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولاءFederal (10 U.S.C. § E)
State and territorial (32 U.S.C.)
الفرع United States Army
النوعReserve force
Militia
الدورProvide the Army with combat-ready reserve Army (Title 10) as well as protecting and supporting their respective states (Title 32)
الحجم336,000 personnel (authorized end strength for Fiscal Year 2020)[1]
جزء منSeal of the United States National Guard.svg National Guard
NGB-seal-high.png National Guard Bureau
Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces
مقر الحاميةArmy National Guard Readiness Center, Arlington Hall
Arlington County, Virginia
الكنية"Army Guard", "The Guard"
المشيةAlways Ready, Always There
تواريخ هامة13 December 1636 (founding)
المعداتList of equipment of the United States Army
الموقع الإلكترونيarmy.mil/nationalguard
nationalguard.com
القادة
DirectorLTG Jonathan M. Stubbs
Deputy DirectorMG Joseph R. Baldwin
Command Chief Warrant OfficerCW5 Brian Searcy
Command Sergeant MajorVacant

The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and the District of Columbia), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.[2]

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.[3][أ]

Activation

The ARNG operates under Title 10 of the United States Code when under federal control, and Title 32 of the United States Code and applicable state laws when under state control. It may be called up for active duty by the state or territorial governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, as well as civil disorder.[2] The District of Columbia Army National Guard is a federal militia, controlled by the President of the United States with authority delegated to the Secretary of Defense, and through him to the Secretary of the Army.[5]

Members or units of the ARNG may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, into United States service.[6][7] If mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the U.S. ARNG, which is a reserve component of the U.S. Army.[8][9][10] Individuals volunteering for active federal service may do so subject to the consent of their governors.[11] Largely on the basis of a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision, governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, either for training or national emergency.[12]

The President may also call up members and units of the ARNG, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws.[13] The Army National Guard is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard. The Director of the ARNG is the head of the organization, and reports to the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. Because the ARNG is both the militia of the several states and a federal reserve component of the Army, neither the Chief of the National Guard Bureau nor the Director of the ARNG "commands" it. This operational command authority is performed in each state or territory by the State Adjutant General, and in the District of Columbia by the Commanding General of the D.C. National Guard when a unit is in its militia status. While under federal activation, the operational command authority is transferred to the commanders of the unified combatant commands, who command all U.S. forces within their area of responsibility. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau and the Director of the ARNG serve as the channel of communications between the Department of the Army and the ARNG in each state and territory, and administer federal programs, policies, and resources for the National Guard.[14]

The ARNG's portion of the president's proposed federal budget for Fiscal Year 2018 is approximately $16.2 billion to support an end strength of 343,000, including appropriations for personnel pay and allowance, facilities maintenance, construction, equipment maintenance and other activities.[15]

التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: History of the United States Army National Guard
المقالة الرئيسية: Militia (United States)

قالب:Summarize

ARNG recruits arriving at Fort Jackson for BCT

Units and formations

Deployable Army units are organized as Table of organization and equipment (TOE) organizations or modified table of organization and equipment (MTOE) organizations. Non-deployable units, such as a state's joint force headquarters or regional training institutes are administered as Table of distribution and allowance (TDA) units.[16]

Commands

Divisions

In addition to many deployable units which are non-divisional, the Army National Guard's deployable units include eight infantry divisions.[17] These divisions, their subordinate brigades or brigades with which the divisions have a training oversight relationship, and the states represented by the largest units include:[18]

Army Aviation Magazine wrote on 31 March 2021 that "The ARNG is pressing forward with the Division Alignment for Training (DIV AFT) effort. The DIV AFT intent is to enhance leader development and training readiness through codified relationships across echelons and states to develop combat capable division formations for large scale combat operations. The Director, ARNG. recently convened a DIV AFT Initial Planning Conference to clarify unit alignments for all eight ARNG Division Headquarters and synchronize activities that will facilitate unity of effort between Division Headquarters and aligned for training States."[19]

Multifunctional Support Brigades

The Army National Guard fields 37 multifunctional support brigades.

Maneuver Enhancement Brigades

Field Artillery Brigades

Sustainment Brigades

Military Intelligence Brigades

Functional Support Brigades and Groups

Engineer Brigades

Air Defense Artillery Brigades

Theater Tactical Signal Brigades

Military Police Brigades

Theater and Combat Aviation Brigades

Other brigades

Other Groups

Regular Army – Army National Guard Partnership

In 2016, the Army and the Army National Guard began a training and readiness initiative that aligned some Army brigades with National Guard division headquarters, and some National Guard brigades with Army division headquarters. Among others, this program included the National Guard's 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team becoming affiliated with the Army's 10th Mountain Division[21] and the National Guard's 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment affiliating with the Army's 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team.[22] In addition, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division began an affiliation with the National Guard's 36th Infantry Division.[23]

Army units partnering with Army National Guard headquarters include:

By state

المقالة الرئيسية: State Adjutant General

The Army and Air National Guard in each state are headed by the State Adjutant General. The Adjutant General (TAG) is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, and reports to the state governor.[24]

Legacy units and formations

Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 47th Infantry Division, inactivated in 1991
Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 50th Armored Division, inactivated in 1993

Several units have been affected by Army National Guard reorganizations. Some have been renamed or inactivated. Some have had subordinate units reallocated to other commands. A partial list of inactivated major units includes:

Leadership

National Guard Bureau organizational chart depicting command and reporting relationships
Army National Guard staff organizational chart
Chief of the National Guard Bureau Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson administers the oath of office to Lt. Gen. Jon A. Jensen as the 22nd director of the Army National Guard on Monday, 10 August 2020 at the Temple Army National Guard Readiness Center in Arlington, Virginia.

Upon the creation of the United States Air Force in 1947, the National Guard Bureau was organized into two divisions; Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Each were headed by a major general who reported to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The head of the Army National Guard was originally established as the chief of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau. The position was downgraded to brigadier general in 1962 due to force reduction. It was renamed to Director of the Army National Guard and elevated back to major general in 1970. The position was later elevated to the rank of lieutenant general in 2001. The Army National Guard is also authorized a deputy director which was originally established as a brigadier general office in 1970. It was elevated to the rank of major general in 2006.

The director of the Army National Guard oversees a staff which aids in planning and day-to-day organization and management. In addition to a chief of staff, the Director's staff includes several special staff members, including a chaplain and protocol and awards specialists. It also includes a primary staff, which is organized as directorates, divisions, and branches. The directorates of the Army National Guard staff are arranged along the lines of a typical American military staff: G-1 for personnel; G-2 for intelligence; G-3 for plans, operations and training; G-4 for logistics; G-5 for strategic plans, policy and communications; G-6 for communications; and G-8 for budgets and financial management.

List of chiefs and directors

No. Commander Term
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
Chiefs of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau
1
Raymond H. Fleming
Major General Raymond H. Fleming194819502 years
2
William H. Abendroth
Major General William H. Abendroth195119554 years
3
Donald W. McGowan
Major General Donald W. McGowan195519594 years
4
Clayton P. Kerr
Major General Clayton P. Kerr195919623 years
5
Francis Greenlief
Brigadier General Francis Greenlief196219631 year
6
Charles L. Southward
Brigadier General Charles L. Southward196419662 years
7
Leonard C. Ward
Brigadier General Leonard C. Ward196819702 years
Directors of the Army National Guard
8
Francis Greenlief
Major General Francis Greenlief197019711 year
9
La Vern E. Weber
Major General La Vern E. Weber197119743 years
10
Charles A. Ott Jr.
Major General Charles A. Ott Jr.197419784 years
11
Emmett H. Walker Jr.
Major General Emmett H. Walker Jr.197819824 years
12
Herbert R. Temple Jr.
Major General Herbert R. Temple Jr.198219864 years
13
Donald Burdick
Major General Donald Burdick198619915 years
14
Raymond F. Rees
Major General Raymond F. Rees199119921 year
15
John R. D'Araujo Jr.
Major General John R. D'Araujo Jr.199319952 years
16
William A. Navas Jr.
Major General William A. Navas Jr.October 1995May 19983 years
17
Roger C. Schultz
Lieutenant General Roger C. Schultz1 June 199815 June 20057 years, 14 days[47]
18
Clyde A. Vaughn
Lieutenant General Clyde A. Vaughn15 June 20059 May 20093 years, 328 days
−
Raymond W. Carpenter
Major General Raymond W. Carpenter (Acting)9 May 200928 November 20112 years, 203 days
19
William E. Ingram Jr.
Lieutenant General William E. Ingram Jr.28 November 201114 January 20142 years, 47 days
−
Judd H. Lyons
Major General Judd H. Lyons (Acting)14 January 201427 March 20151 years, 72 days
20
Timothy J. Kadavy
Lieutenant General Timothy J. Kadavy27 March 201525 March 20193 years, 363 days
21
Daniel R. Hokanson
Lieutenant General Daniel R. Hokanson20 June 20193 August 20201 years, 44 days
22
Jon A. Jensen
Lieutenant General Jon A. Jensen10 August 20205 August 20243 years, 361 days
23
Jonathan M. Stubbs
Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Stubbs5 August 2024Incumbent100 days

Prominent members

المقالة الرئيسية: Prominent members of the US Army National Guard

U.S. presidents

المقالة الرئيسية: List of presidents of the United States by military service

Of the 45[ب] individuals to serve as President of the United States اعتبارا من 2021, 33 had military experience. Of those 33, 21 served in the militia or ARNG.

(Note: President George W. Bush served in the National Guard in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and he was the first Air National Guard member to attain the presidency.)[93]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The 181st Infantry, the 182nd Infantry, the 101st Field Artillery and the 101st Engineer Battalion of the Massachusetts Army National Guard stem from the 1636 unit.[4]
  2. ^ اعتبارا من 2021. While there have been 46 presidencies, only 45 individuals have served as president. Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is numbered as both the 22nd and 24th U.S. president.

References

  1. ^ Office of Legislative Affairs (13 June 2019). "FY20Senate National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)" (PDF). National Guard.mil. Arlington, VA: National Guard Bureau. p. 1.
  2. ^ أ ب "Military Reserves Federal Call Up Authority". Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
  3. ^ "Salem, Mass., declared National Guard's birthplace". Boston Globe. Boston, MA. Associated Press. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  4. ^ Maj. Avery Schneider, New York National Guard (13 December 2022) Deployed Guardsmen celebrate National Guard's 386th birthday
  5. ^ National Archives and Records Administration, Executive Order 11485—Supervision and control of the National Guard of the District of Columbia, 1 October 1969
  6. ^ 10 USC 12211. Officers: Army National Guard of the United States
  7. ^ 10 USC 12107. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of the United States: enlistment in
  8. ^ 32 USC 101. Definitions (NATIONAL GUARD)
  9. ^ 10 USC 12401. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: status
  10. ^ 10 USC 10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition
  11. ^ North Atlantic Treaty organization, Fact Sheet, National Reserve Forces Status: United States of America, 2006, p. 1
  12. ^ National Guard Bureau, Today in Guard History (June), 11 June 1990, 2013
  13. ^ 10 USC 12406. National Guard in Federal service: call
  14. ^ Cornell University, legal Information Institute, 10 USC § 10503 – Functions of National Guard Bureau: Charter, accessed 20 June 2013
  15. ^ Matthews, William (1 July 2017). "Busting The Caps". National Guard. Arlington, VA.
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  17. ^ Richard Goldenberg, U.S. Army, National Guard Division Leaders Gather to Face Challenges for Missions at Home, Overseas, 9 June 2010.
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  51. ^ Ralph Louis Ketcham (1990). James Madison: A Biography. University of Virginia Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-8139-1265-3.
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External links

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