پرشنگ سكوير كاپيتال مانجمنت

پرشنگ سكوير كاپيتال مانجمنت
النوعخاصة
الصناعة
تأسست2003; 21 years ago (2003[1]
المؤسسبيل أكمان
المقر الرئيسيمدينة نيويورك
المنتجاتالصناديق الاستثمارية
الخدماتادارة الاستثمارات
الأصول المدارة▲ 18.3 بليون دولار (2023)[2]
الموظفون30
الموقع الإلكترونيpershingsquareholdings.com

پرشنگ سكوير كاپيتال مانجمنت (Pershing Square Capital Management)، هي شركة إدارة صناديق تحوط الأمريكية أسسها ويديرها بيل أكمان، ومقرها في مدينة نيويورك.[3][4][5][6]

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تاريخ الشركة

بيل أكمان.

In 2004, Ackman started Pershing Square Capital Management with $54 million in funding from his personal funds and a seed investment from Leucadia National.[7]

In October 2014, Ackman launched a UK-based closed-end fund, Pershing Square Holdings, on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange.[8]


في 25 يوليو 2024، أفادت وكالات الأنباء أن بليونير صناديق التحوط بيل أكمان، فقد خفض هدف جمع الأموال للاكتتاب المبدئي العام لصندوقه الاستثماري پرشنگ سكوير بنحو 90%، وهو ما يقل كثيراً عن الهدف الأولي البالغ 25 بليون دولار. وقال أكمان في رسالة قدمها إلى مفوضية الأوراق المالية والبورصات أنه يتوقع جمع ما بين 2.5 بليون دولار و4 بليون دولار، على الرغم من أن المبلغ الإجمالي قد يزيد إلى 10 بليون دولار اعتمادًا على كيفية سير جهود التسويق في الأيام المقبلة.

وفي الرسالة التي أرسلها إلى المستثمرين في شركته القابضة پرشنگ سكوير، قال أكمان: "هذه هي اللحظة التي يمكنكم فيها تقديم مساعدة كبيرة لپرشنگ سكوير من خلال المشاركة في اكتتاب PSUS وتقديم طلبكم للبنوك، وكلما كان ذلك أسرع كان ذلك أفضل". وفي خطوة غير معتادة، قالت پرشنگ سكوير أنها "تتنصل بشكل محدد" من بيان أكمان، وذلك في الملف الذي تضمن الرسالة.

وقد تلقى الصندوق حتى الآن طلبات من مستثمرين بما في ذلك باپوست گروپ لإدارة الاستثمارات ومقرها بوسطن ونظام تقاعد المعلمين في تكساس. وقال أكمان في الرسالة إن مكتبًا عائليًا بأصول تزيد عن 65 بليون دولار، لم يسمه، أبدى اهتمامه بشراء ما يقرب من 10% من الصفقة النهائية. وبالإضافة إلى المستثمرين المؤسسيين، أكد أكمان أيضًا على الدور الذي سيلعبه مستثمرو التجزئة الأمريكيون في الاكتتاب المبدئي العام، مضيفًا أنه يتوقع أن يكونوا "مصدرًا ضخمًا للطلب بعد السوق". ورفضت پرشنگ سكوير التعليق.

واجهت العديد من صناديق التحوط صعوبات في جمع رأس المال في السنوات الأخيرة، حيث لجأ المستثمرون إلى مجموعة مختارة من الشركات متعددة المديرين بالإضافة إلى مديري الأصول البديلة الذين يستثمرون في البنية التحتية والائتمان الخاص. وأصبح أكمان شخصية بارزة على منصات مثل إكس على مدار عام 2023، حيث حصد مئات الآلاف من المتابعين على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي حيث انتقد الرئيس جو بايدن وأيد لاحقًا المرشح الرئاسي الجمهوري دونالد ترمپ.[9]

وفي خطابه للمستثمرين في يوليو 2024، أشار البليونير إلى متابعيه على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي كفائدة محتملة لأسهم صندوقه الاستثماري بمجرد إدراجه. وحث أكمان المستثمرين على الاتصال بالبنوك التي تقود عملية الإدراج - وهي المجموعة التي تضم سيتي گروپ، ويوبي‌إس، وبنك أوف أميركا، وجفريز - لتقديم طلباتهم. وقال: "سنكون ممتنين إذا شاركتم في الطرح العام الأولي لـ PSUS وأصدرتم أمرًا للبنوك في أقرب وقت ممكن". وسيكون صندوق پرشنگ سكوير صندوقاً مغلقاً مدرجاً في بورصة نيويورك، وسيستثمر في أسهم كبيرة يتم تداولها علناً ​​والتي يعتقد أكمان وفريقه أنها مقومة بأقل من قيمتها الحقيقية.

كان أكمان قد أبلغ المستثمرين في وقت سابق أنه يتوقع أن تتداول الشركة بسعر أعلى مقارنة بالأصول الصافية التي تمتلكها. وربما كان ذلك بهدف معالجة مخاوف المستثمرين المحتملين من أن الأسهم قد تتداول بسعر مخفض بشكل مستمر مثل شركته المدرجة في بورصتي أمستردام ولندن، پرشنگ سكوير القابضة. وفي رسالته، قال أكمان أيضاً إن المستثمرين أثاروا تساؤلات بشأن ظهور خصم محتمل، وأضاف في الرسالة: "هناك حساسية هائلة لحجم الصفقة. وخاصة في ضوء حداثة الهيكل والتاريخ السلبي للغاية لتداول الصناديق المغلقة، فإن الأمر يتطلب قفزة كبيرة من الإيمان والتحليل الدقيق في نهاية المطاف والحكم حتى يدرك المستثمرون أن هذه الشركة المغلقة سوف تتداول بسعر أعلى بعد الطرح العام الأولي عندما قام عدد قليل جدًا في التاريخ بذلك". وقال أكمان أيضًا إن المستثمرين أثاروا مخاوف بشأن مخاطر الرجل الرئيسي، مع تعرض صحة شركة الاستثمار للخطر إذا حدث له أي شيء بصفته صانع قرار رئيسي.


أرجأ بيل أكمان الاكتتاب المبدئي العام لپرشنگ سكوير بعد أيام من إبلاغه مستثمريه أنه سيجمع أموالاً أقل بكثير من خلال الاكتتاب عما كان مخططاً له وتوسل إليهم لدعم الصفقة. ونشرت بورصة نيويورك رسالة قصيرة على موقعها الإلكتروني تقول إن الاكتتاب قد تأجل دون إضافة المزيد من التفاصيل. ولم يتضح على الفور سبب توقف الإدراج.[10]


التاريخ الاستثماري

Pershing has launched activist campaigns against McDonald's, Wendy's, and Herbalife.[5][6]

In 2005, Pershing bought a significant share in fast food chain Wendy's International and successfully pressured them to sell off its Tim Horton's donut chain. Wendy's spun off the Canadian restaurant donut chain through an IPO in 2006 and raised $670 million for Wendy's investors. After Ackman sold his shares at a substantial profit after a dispute over executive succession, the stock price collapsed, raising criticism that the sale of Wendy's fastest growing unit left the company in a weaker market position.[7] Ackman blamed the poor performance on their new CEO.[7]

In December 2007, his funds owned a 10% stake in Target Corporation, valued at $4.2 billion[11] through the purchase of stock and derivatives.[12] By 2009, their Target holdings had been reduced to 7.8%.[13] In December 2010, his funds held a 38% stake in Borders Group and on December 6, 2010, Ackman indicated he would finance a buyout of Barnes & Noble for US$900 million.[14]

On January 9, 2009, the fund disclosed a 7.4% ownership stake in General Growth Properties (GGP) according to documents filed with the SEC,[15] becoming the second-largest shareholder behind Brookfield Asset Management. The fund was betting on the company going bankrupt in such a way as to leave its shareholders intact.[16] In November 2010, Pershing Square helped the company emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[17] In August 2012 the fund held beneficial ownership of 7.7 percent of General Growth's stock.[18] General Growth Partners repurchased PSCM's remaining stake in February 2014.[19]

In 2010, Pershing Square reported having taken large ownership stakes in JC Penney and Canadian Pacific Railway.[20]

In July 2012, Ackman acknowledged to CNBC he had acquired shares in Procter & Gamble worth approximately $1.8 billion, a 1% stake in the company, with the idea of taking an activist role within the corporation. Pershing Square later reduced its stake in Procter & Gamble, which was valued at around $60 million by the end of 2013.[21]

In December 2012, Pershing Square Capital Management launched a new closed-end fund called Pershing Square Holdings, which raised $3 billion in an October 2014 IPO on Amsterdam's Euronext stock market.[22] As a closed-end fund valued at $6.7 billion, PSH was designed as a permanent capital vehicle from which investors would not be able to directly withdraw funds.[23] PSH reported 17.1% in returns since inception (December 2012–November 2017) under Ackman's management, 80% below the S&P 500.[24]

In a statement dated August 27, 2013, Pershing Square reported that it had hired Citigroup to liquidate the 39.1 million shares the firm then owned of J.C. Penney at a price of $12.90 per share, resulting in a loss of approximately $500 million.[25]

In the first quarter of 2016, the hedge fund experienced its "biggest-ever quarterly loss" of 25%, due in part to its 9% stake in Valeant Pharmaceuticals International. Ackman, who joined Valeant's board in March 2016, commented on the company's 88% loss since August 2015 stating, “This is going to be a badly scraped knee that may even require stitches but it is not life threatening... We should be able to recover the lion's share of our investment—if not all of it—over time".[26][27][28] After the controversial drug prices and operations of Valeant became public, Ackman and Valeant's board fired former CEO Mike Pearson, and Pershing Square sold all of its stake in Valeant with a total loss of $4 billion.[29]

In September 2016, Pershing Square continued its investment in fast food by buying a 9.9% stake in Chipotle Mexican Grill.[30] As of March 2018, Pershing Square held a 10.3% stake in Chipotle.[31] In 2018, Ackman dumped $500 million into the publicly traded arm of Pershing Square Capital Management stating it was significantly undervalued at roughly $15 a share. As of September 2019, the fund returned 54.5% with a share price of $19.10, the highest since January 2016.[32][33]

In March 2020, Pershing Square made $2.6 billion (£2.2 billion) betting that there would be a market crash.[34]

In November 2020, Pershing Square took a position against corporate credit.[35][36]

In April 2022, Pershing Square lost in excess of $430 million on Netflix after a three month–long bet.[37]

In August 2023, Ackman said that Pershing Square took a short position on 30-year Treasury bills through options instead of shorting the bonds outright, betting that long-term inflation will settle about 100 points higher than Federal Reserve's 2% target.[38] He closed the position less than three months later citing geopolitical risks surrounding the Israel-Hamas war and slowing economy, netting $200 million in the process.[39][40]

پرشنگ سكوير تونتين هولدنگز

Pershing Square Tontine Holdings was a blank check company formed by Bill Ackman that went public on July 22, 2020, at a value of $4 billion and traded under the ticker symbol PSTH.U before the split of its warrants and shares.[41] In 2020, PSTH was the largest SPAC to IPO to date.[42]

PSTH had a unique "Tontine" structure where shareholders were incentivized to hold shares through merger once a target was found for acquisition.[42] The IPO included 200 million units, which included a total of 200 million shares and 22,222,222 warrants. Another 44,444,444 warrants, or two ninths per share, were be distributed to shareholders who chose to participate in the proposed merger. The strike price of PSTH warrants were $23.[43]

In July 2022, Ackman addressed PSTH shareholders saying that he would return the funds of the SPAC as he was "unable to consummate a transaction that both meets our investment criteria and is executable."[44]

مجموعة يونيڤرسال ميوزيك

In July 2021, Pershing Square and its affiliates acquired 7.1% of the share capital of Universal Music Group (UMG) from Vivendi for US$2.8 billion, corresponding to an enterprise value of €35 billion for 100% of UMG's share capital.[45] On September 9, 2021, Pershing Square and its affiliates acquired 2.9% of the share capital of UMG for US$1.15 billion, corresponding to an enterprise value of €35 billion for 100% of UMG's share capital. Following the transaction Pershing Square held 10% of UMG's share capital.[46] He was appointed as a non-executive director of UMG on May 12, 2022.[47]

موقف نتفلكس

In January 2022, Ackman disclosed that Pershing Square acquired a $1.1 billion stake in Netflix. Netflix stock had just experienced a precipitous 30% selloff after announcement of a disappointing subscriber growth outlook for Q1 2022. In a letter to its investors, Ackman praised Netflix's "best-in-class management team" and said he long admired Netflix CEO Reed Hastings and the "remarkable company he and his team have built."

In April, Netflix stock fell by 35%, and Ackman responded by selling his entire stake in the company.[48]

هربالايف

انظر أيضاً: Bill Ackman Herbalife short

In December 2012, Ackman announced the firm had made a $1 billion short bet against Herbalife, a maker of weight-loss and vitamin supplements, calling the company a "pyramid scheme".[49] After activist billionaire investor Carl Icahn bought a stake in the company in January 2013, the share price rose nearly 13% and the investment was seen by analysts as the worst investment ever made by the firm.[50] After a persistent political and grassroots campaign funded by Ackman and the firm,[51][52] the Federal Trade Commission initiated a civil investigation into Herbalife, causing its stock to drop enough that by March 2014, Pershing Square was nearly even on their bet.[50] In April 2014, Reuters reported that, according to its sources, the FBI conducted a probe into Herbalife and reviewed documents obtained from the company's former distributors.[53]

On March 12, 2015, it reported that Ackman was under investigation by federal prosecutors and the FBI; Ackman was quoted that he would not back down from his claims against Herbalife.[54][55] In July 2015, U.S. District Judge Dale Fischer dismissed a suit filed by Herbalife investors who claimed the company defrauded shareholders by concealing the company's ability to track retail sales.[56][57] In July 2016, Herbalife settled with the Federal Trade Commission, agreeing to pay $200 million and restructure its business practices in exchange for not being labelled a pyramid scheme.[58][59]

پلاتفورت پشياليتي پرودكشن كورپوريشن

As of June 2014, Pershing Square is the largest institutional holder of the shares of Platform Specialty Products Corporation (NYSE: PAH), owning a 24.28% stake.[60] Pershing first disclosed the position in January 2014,[61] shortly after Platform debuted on the New York Stock Exchange.[62][63][64] Subsequently, in April 2014, Platform announced a deal to acquire the agrochemicals business of Chemtura for approximately $1 billion.[65] Agriphar, another agricultural specialty chemicals company, agreed in August 2014 to become the third company to join the Platform umbrella.[66]

In April 2014, Ackman singled out Platform Specialty Products in "The Outsider" presentation,[67] which discusses optimal methods of capital allocation.[68][69][70]

في الثقافة العامة

Pershing Square's investment ventures are featured in two financial documentaries.


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قراءات إضافية

  • Cheffins, Brian R. (2014). "Hedge Fund Activism Canadian Style". University of British Columbia Law Review. 47 (1): 1-59) (Discussing Pershing Square's activities in Canada, and a unique cultural reluctance to support active value creation by ethical intervening shareholders). SSRN 2204294.
  • Rojas, Claudio R. (2014). "An Indeterminate Theory of Canadian Corporate Law". University of British Columbia Law Review. 47 (1): 59-128 ("The author's perspective on Berkshire Hathaway's investment philosophy was informed by discussions with Warren Buffett in Omaha, Nebraska": pp. 59, 122-124). SSRN 2391775.

المصادر

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