ميناء نينجبو-جوشان

ميناء ننگبو-ژوشان
Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan
宁波舟山港
Beilun Port 2020-05-02.jpg
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الموقع
البلدالصين
الموقعننگبو و ژوشان، ژى‌جيانگ
الإحداثيات29°56′N 121°50′E / 29.933°N 121.833°E / 29.933; 121.833
تفاصيل
المالكNingbo Zhoushan Port Co., Ltd. (بورصة شانغهاي: 601018)
إحصائيات
زنة الشحن السنوية1.261 مليار (2022)
حجم الحاويات السنوي27.53 مليون (2019)
ميناء نينجبو-جوشان
الصينية المبسطة宁波舟山港
الصينية التقليدية寧波舟山港

ميناء ننگبو-ژوشان هو أزحم ميناء في العالم من حيث وزن البضائع. ويناول 1.261 مليار طن من البضائع في 2022، محافظاً على مركز الصدارة لأربعة عشر سنة متتالية.[1] وتمر عبره 27.53 مليون حاوية سنوياً، مما يجعله الثالث بين موانئ العالم.[2][3][4] يقع الميناء في ننگبو وژوشان، على ساحل بحر الصين الشرقي، في مقاطعة ژى‌جيانگ على الطرف الجنوبي الشرقي لـلخليج هانگ‌ژو، الذي عبره يواجه بلدية شانغهاي.[5]

The port is at the crossroads of the north–south inland and coastal shipping route, including canals to the important inland waterway to interior China, the نهر يانگ‌تسى, to the north. The port consists of several ports which are بـِيْ‌لون (الميناء البحري), ژن‌هاي (ميناء المصب)، ومرفأ ننگبو القديم (الميناء النهري الداخلي).

مشغل الميناء، شركة ميناء ننگبو-ژوشان، المحدودة (NZP)، التي هي شركة مُدرجة ولكن 76.31% من أسهمها تملكها مجموعة ميناء ننگبو-ژوشان المملوكة للدولة، اعتبارا من 30 يونيو 2017 (2017-06-30).

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التاريخ

Ningbo Port was established in 1738. During the Tang dynasty (618–907), it was known as one of the three major seaports for foreign trade under the name "Mingzhou", along with Yangzhou and Guangzhou.[6]

In the Song dynasty, it became one of the three major port cities for foreign trade, together with Guangzhou and Quanzhou.[6] It was designated as one of the "Five Treaty Ports" along with Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou and Shanghai after the 1842 Treaty of Nanking that ended the First Opium War.[7]

In 2006, the Port of Ningbo was merged with the neighboring Port of Zhoushan to form a combined cargo handling center. The combined Ningbo-Zhoushan Port handled a total cargo volume of 744,000,000 metric tons of cargo in 2012,[8] making it the largest port in the world in terms of cargo tonnage, surpassing the Port of Shanghai for the first time.

الميناء هو جزء من 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to Singapore, towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa, from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its connections to Central Europe وبحر الشمال.[9][10][11]


التجارة والاقتصاد

The Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan is involved in economic trade with cargo shipment, raw materials and manufactured goods from as far as North and South America and Oceania. It has economic trade with over 560 ports from more than 90 countries and regions in the world.[12][13] It is one of a growing number of ports in China with a cargo throughput volume exceeding 100 million tons annually.[12]

The water quality within Ningbo-Zhoushan Port has become badly polluted over the past ten years, due to the massive scale of maritime traffic constantly in operation.[7]

البنية التحتية للميناء

The Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan complex is a modern multi-purpose deep water port, consisting of inland, estuary, and coastal harbors.[14] There are a total of 191 berths including 39 deep water berths with 10,000 and more tonnage.[14]

The larger ports include a 250,000 tonnage crude oil terminal and a 200,000+ tonnage ore loading berth.[14] There is also a purpose-built terminal for 6th generation container vessels and a 50,000 tonnage berth dedicated for liquid chemical products.[12]

In August 2020, the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port (NZP) Group, together with Brazilian iron ore miner Vale, inaugurated the Shulanghu (鼠浪湖码头�)[15] grinding hub, after a collaboration that began in 2016.[16] This was followed in November 2020 by an CN¥ 4.3 billion (US$650٫6 million) investment deal. The Zhejiang Free Trade Zone was quoted as stating that an "iron ore storage yard, with a maximum capacity of 4.1 million tonnes, an ore blending and processing facility and two shipping berths" would be built.[17]

المراجع

  1. ^ "Global Port Development Annual Report (2022)" (PDF). Shanghai International Shipping Institute. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  2. ^ "Top 20 Container Ports". Port of Hamburg. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2019-05-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "第一编 海港". 宁波市交通志. 海洋出版社. 1996-01. ISBN 7-5027-4080-5. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  4. ^ "宁波舟山港年吞吐量首破11亿吨 连续11年居世界第一". 浙江新闻客户端 (in Chinese (China)). 2020-01-15. Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Port of NINGBO- ShippingOnline.cn". www.shippingonline.cn. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  6. ^ أ ب "Port of Ningbo". Archived from the original on 2009-12-12. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  7. ^ أ ب http://www.nbwh.gov.cn/homepage/specialty/civc/english_add_1.phpid=1126590263&theme=546&uptheme=true[dead link]
  8. ^ 2012-12全国货物、集装箱、旅客吞吐量统计_港口业务_中国港口网. www.chinaports.com. Archived from the original on 30 يونيو 2017. Retrieved 26 أبريل 2018.
  9. ^ Jiang, Bao; Li, Jian; Gong, Chunxia (2018). "Maritime Shipping and Export Trade on "Maritime Silk Road"". The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics. 34 (2): 83–90. doi:10.1016/j.ajsl.2018.06.005. S2CID 169732441. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  10. ^ Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018).
  11. ^ "The Maritime Silk Road in South-East Asia". Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  12. ^ أ ب ت 宁波舟山港门户. www.nbport.com.cn. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Facts of the Port of Ningbo,Jan 2006". Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  14. ^ أ ب ت "Ningbo Today". Archived from the original on 2010-07-15. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  15. ^ "宁波舟山港与淡水河谷将成立合资公司". 13 October 2020.[dead link]
  16. ^ "Vale and NZP Group inaugurate Shulanghu Grinding Hub in China". Archived from the original on 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  17. ^ "Vale, Chinese port sign $651 million deal on iron ore storage, processing". Reuters. November 13, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.

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