ملايو (شعب)
 زوجان من الملايو في حفل زواج تقليدي. | |
| المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة | |
|---|---|
 ماليزيا: 14,749,378[1] بروناي: 261,902[2] | |
| المنطقة الأصلية | . |
 إندونسيا | 5,365,399[3] |
 تايلاند | 1,964,384[4] |
 سنغافورة | 653,449[5] |
 ميانمار | ~27,000[6] |
| الشتات | . |
 جنوب أفريقيا | ~200,000[7][1] |
 سريلانكا | 40,189[8][2] |
 أستراليا | 33,183[9] |
 المملكة المتحدة | ~33,000[10] |
| اللغات | |
| Official:
اللهجات: Others:
| |
| الدين | |
 الإسلام | |
^ note: Highly naturalised population of mixed origins, but using the 'Malay' identity | |
الملايو (ملايو: Orang Melayu، بالجاوية: أورڠ ملايو)، هي جماعة عرقية من الشعوب الأسترونسية والتي تستوطن شبه جزيرة الملايو، شرق سومطرة وبرونيو الساحلية، وكذلك بعض الجزر الأصغر والتي تقع بين هذه المواقع-المناطق التي تعرف مجتمعة بعالم الملايو. هذه المناطق تعتبر اليوم جزءاً من دول ماليزيا، أستراليا، إندونسيا، بروناي، سنغافورة، وجنوب تايلاند.
التسمية
Joget dance from the Malacca Sultanate; many aspects of Malay culture are derived from the Malaccan court.
الأصول
أنماط ما قبل الملايو
التاريخ
النفوذ الهندوسي :
Early Malayic and pre-Malayic-speaking areas, classical kingdoms and urban settlements preceding the rise of Srivijaya in the 7th century and prior to the eastward Malay cultural expansion to the shores of Borneo. It also can be witnessed that the historical forebears of Minangkabaus, eastern Acehnese and Southern Thais were of Malay origin during this era.
Chedi Phra Borommathat, a stupa located in Nakhon Si Thammarat, تايلند. Once a centre of Buddhist teaching and learning, it was built in the early 13th century and witnessed the rise and fall of Tambralinga, a powerful Buddhist-Malay kingdom that managed to conquer Jaffna kingdom in Sri Lanka. Constructed as a religious monument for Mahayana Buddhism, which was historically followed by a portion of pre-Islamic Malays, this stupa stands today as a major religious site for Thai, Theravada Buddhist pilgrims. The temple complex is believed to hold ancient relics of Buddha brought from Sri Lanka during the conquest of Jaffna in 1247.
The Buddhist maritime empire of Srivijaya, the first vast Malay polity in the region
دخول الإسلام
The extent of the Malaccan Sultanate in the 15th century. This was a powerful empire that has effectively molded the Malay-Muslim socio-cultural identity until this day.
The reigning elite of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, together with the Sultan (being seated, in the middle) as depicted in this photograph taken in 1867. The administrative class of Riau-Lingga are known to be strict adherents of Sufi Tariqa, this resulted various laws and legal enactments based on Islamic principles to be strictly observed throughout the kingdom. The sultanate would be abolished under the Dutch powers in almost half a century after the image was taken, in 1911
الاستعمار
Tuan Lebeh Long Raya (seated, in the middle) in 1899, the Raja Muda (crown prince) of the Reman Sultanate. A kingdom in the northern Malay Peninsula made wealthy by tin mining, the State of Reman was abolished by the Rattanakosin Kingdom alongside various other Malay kingdoms that revolted for independence in the early 20th century including Pattani, Saiburi, Nongchik, Yaring, Yala, Legeh and Teluban.
القومية الملاوية
The bronze mural of the legendary Malay warrior, Hang Tuah with his renowned quote Ta' Melayu Hilang Di-Dunia (Malay for "Never shall the Malays vanish from the face of the earth") written on the top. The quote is a famous rallying cry for Malay nationalism.[11][12]
Federation of Malaya's commemorative stamp issued in 1957. The semi-independent federation was formed in 1948 from nine Malay states and two British Straits Settlements. It achieved independence in 1957.
Supporters of Negara Soematra Timoer (State of East Sumatra) that sought to maintain the monarchy system in post-World War II Dutch-established territory of East Sumatra. The state was headed by a president, Dr. Tengku Mansur, a member of Asahan royal family. Both the state and the traditional Malay monarchy institution in East Sumatra dissolved following her merger into the newly formed unitarian Republic of Indonesia in 1950. (image taken c. 1947–1950)
الثقافة
اللغة
The Kedukan Bukit Inscription written in Pallava script. Dating back from 683, it is one of the oldest surviving Malay written artefact.
الأدب
Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa in Jawi text. Also known as the Kedah Annals, it is an ancient Malay literature that chronicles the bloodline of Merong Mahawangsa and the foundation of Kedah.
الديانة
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque in Brunei on the eve of Ramadhan. The wealthy kingdom adopted Melayu Islam Beraja (Malay Islamic Monarchy) as the national philosophy since its independence in 1984.
العمارة
The replica of Malacca Sultanate's palace which was built from information and data obtained from the Malay Annals. This historical document had references to the construction and the architecture of palaces during the era of Sultan Mansur Shah, who ruled from 1458 to 1477.
الفنون البصرية
المطبخ
الفنون التطبيقية
A troupe of Siamese Malay dancers performing the Mak Yong during the reign of King Rama V of Siam (c. 19th century), a dance theatre that owes its origin from the Pattani and Kelantanese palace courts. In 2005, it received recognition as being among the masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO.
الزي التقليدي
أطفال ملاويون يرتدون الزي التقليدي أثناء عيد الفطر.
الفنون القتالية
الألعاب التقليدية
A close-up to two Malay style Gasings.
الأسماء والألقاب
الجماعات العرقية الفرعية
Ethnic Malays among other ethnic groups in Indonesia. Although only constituting 3.4% of total population, ethnic Malays are one of the most widely distributed ethnicities in Indonesia. The realm of Malays is described in green and other related sub-ethnic groups are rendered in darker or lighter green. Malay ethnic groups are depicted to inhabit eastern coast of Sumatra and coastal Kalimantan. Outside the Indonesian Archipelago in white, the Malay people inhabit the Malay Peninsular, forming the dominant ethnic group in Peninsular Malaysia and significant minority in Singapore, Thailand and southern Myanmar. While the eastern core of Bornean Malay territories beginning north from southwestern Sabah, Brunei, coastal Sarawak and continuing down to the green shaded shores of Kalimantan.[13]
هذه القائمة غير مكتملة؛ بإمكانك المساعدة بتنميتها.
انظر أيضاً
- مناهضة العرقية الملاوية، تعصب عرقي ضد العرقية الملاوية
- Ketuanan Melayu (تفوق ملاوي)
- قائمة الملاويين
- فلكلور ملاوي
- الشبح في الثقافة الملاوية
- ملكية إسلامية ملاوية، الفلسفة القومية of Negara Brunei Darussalam
- وحدات القياس الملاوية
المصادر
- ^ Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia) 2010
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةCIA (B) - ^ Badan Pusat Statistika Indonesia 2010, p. 9
- ^ World Population Review 2015
- ^ CIA World Factbook 2012
- ^ Malay in Myanmar - Joshua Project
- ^ Malay, Cape in South Africa - Joshua Project
- ^ Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka - Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012
- ^ Australia - Ancestry
- ^ Malay in United Kingdom - Joshua Project
- ^ Tan 1988, p. 14
- ^ Chew 1999, p. 78
- ^ In search of Brunei Malays outside Brunei
- ^ Umaiyah Haji Omar 2003
- ^ Umaiyah Haji Omar 2007
- ^ IBP USA 2007, pp. 151–152
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ Colling 1973, p. 6804
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ Mohd. Aris Hj. Othman 1983, pp. 1–26
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ M. G. Husain 2007, pp. 16, 33, 34
- ^ أ ب ت Gulrose Karim 1990, p. 74
- ^ أ ب ت Joseph & Najmabadi 2006, p. 436
- ^ "Mempawah Sultanate<". Melaju Online.
- ^ Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah 1986, pp. 19–69
- ^ "Setoi (Setul) Mambang Segara Dalam Lintasan Sejarah Negeri-Negeri Melayu Utara". Jurnal Perspektif Jil. 8 Bil. 2(123-134).
- ^ Nik Anuar 1999, p. 39
- ^ Nik Anuar 1999, p. 39
- ^ Nik Anuar 1999, p. 39
- ^ Nik Anuar 1999, p. 39
- ^ Nik Anuar 1999, p. 39
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