معبد بزيزا الروماني

معبد بزيزا الروماني
الاسم المحلي العربية: معبد بزيزا‎
معبد الإله عزيز في بزيزا.
الموقع	بزيزا، شمال لبنان
الإحداثيات	34.2699°N 35.8216°E / 34.2699; 35.8216
بـُنِيَ	القرن الأول الميلادي
غرض البناء	عزيز
النمط المعماري	النظام الإيوني، الامبراطورية الرومانية
موقع معبد بزيزا الروماني في لبنان

معبد بزيزا الروماني Roman temple of Bziza، هو معبد روماني من القرن الأول الميلادي يقع في بلدة بزيزا اللبنانية. كان المعبد مكرزس للإله عزيز، الذي كان تجسيداً لنجم الصباح في الأساطير الكنعانية. أعطى المعبد اسمه لبلدة بزيزا المعاصرة، والذي يعني "بيت عزيز"، أي بيت أو معبد عزيز. وقد عرفه جوليان المرتد باسم آرس. أصدرت الحكومة اللبنانية عدة طوابع بريدية مصور عليها معبد بزيزا.

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 التاريخ

 التاريخ الحديث

مخطط لمعبد بزيزا من عام 1838 للرسام الفرنسي أنطوان-ألفونس مونفور. توضح الصورة التعديلات التي أُجريت على المعبد وشجرة تنمو في جداره.

 عزيز

المقالة الرئيسية: عزيز (إله), الديانة الكنعانية القديمة, and الديانة السامية القديمة

 الموقع

يقع المعبد على ارتفاع حوالي 400 متر ويبعد عن بيروت 45 كم. دخل المعبد في دليل السياحي البيئي. يحافظ المعبد على تكويناته وحجراته ويطل على معابد رومانية أخرى تقع في عين عكرين وكوسبا وغيرها من المناطق الكورانية.

 العمارة والوصف

مخطط معبد بزيزا والتعديلات اللاحقة بالرمادي.

نقوش معمارية اكتشفها كاليان على الجدار الجنوبي الغربي للمعبد تُظهر مخطط half a pediment.

 الدور

 الهوامش

^a Phoenican cities that became Roman colonies: Beirut (colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus), Baalbek (colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Heliopolis), Acre (colonia Claudia Stabilis Germanica Ptolemais Felix), Tyre (colonia Septimia Tyrus), Sidon (colonia Aurelia Pia metropolis Sidoniorum), Arqa (colonia Caesarea ad Libanum).

^b Renan explained in his report: Dans le Liban, le B initial (Bteda, Bteddin, Bhadidat, etc.) est en général une abréviation pour Beth. De même, dans la Gémare, "בי" pour "בית". [In Lebanon, the initial B (Bteda, Bteddin, Bhadidat, etc.) is generally an abbreviation of Beth. Likewise, in the Gemara, "בי" for "בית".] In a later chapter he affirmed his previous interpretation: Le B initial est sans doute le reste de Beth, conservé dans Bziza= Beth-Aziz, Beschtoudar= Beth-Aschtar, Derbaschtar= Deir Beth-Aschtar. [The initial B is without a doubt a corruption of Beth which was preserved in [the town names of] Bziza = Beth-Aziz, Beschtoudar = Beth-Aschtar, Berbaschtar = Deir Beth-Aschtar.] (Renan 1864). This toponymy and temple attribution was upheld by later historians and Onomastolgy experts.

^c Bziza is pronounced Bzizo in the mountain villages of North Lebanon due to the survival of the Canaanite shift of the vowel (ā) to (ō).

^d Viz. coordinates.

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