مطار سنغافورة تشانگي
Singapore Changi Airport 新加坡樟宜机场 Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமான நிலையம் | |||||||||||||||||||
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الملخص | |||||||||||||||||||
نوع المطار | Public / military | ||||||||||||||||||
المالك | Government of Singapore[1] | ||||||||||||||||||
المشغل |
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يخدم | Singapore | ||||||||||||||||||
الموقع | Changi, Singapore | ||||||||||||||||||
افتـُتـِح | 1 July 1981 (operational) 29 December 1981 (official) | ||||||||||||||||||
محور لـ | |||||||||||||||||||
مدينة الارتكاز لـ | |||||||||||||||||||
منطقة التوقيت | SST (UTC+08:00) | ||||||||||||||||||
المنسوب AMSL | 6٫66 m / 22 ft | ||||||||||||||||||
الإحداثيات | 01°21′33″N 103°59′22″E / 1.35917°N 103.98944°E | ||||||||||||||||||
Website | changiairport | ||||||||||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||||||
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Statistics (2017) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Source: Changi Airport Group[4] |
Singapore Changi Airport ( /ˈtʃɑːŋi/ CHAHNG-ee; (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS)) is the primary international airport that serves the country of Singapore, and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia. More than 100 airlines operate from the airport, with flights to destinations in Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and North America.[5]
The airport is located within its namesake, the district of Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 24 kilometres (15 miles) east from Singapore's Downtown Core on a 25-square-kilometre (9.7 sq mi) site.[6] It is the home base of BOC Aviation and Jetstar Asia, as well as the country's flag carrier of Singapore Airlines, its cargo division Singapore Airlines Cargo and its low-cost subsidiary Scoot.[7] SATS is also headquartered at the airport.
With Singapore's strategic location being a favourable destination for high demand layovers, the airport also serves as a focus city for Qantas, as well as the flagship cargo hub for FedEx Express in Asia.[8][9]
In 2024, Changi Airport served 67.7 million passengers, which was a 14.8 per cent increase from the 58.9 million passengers who passed through the airport in 2023.[10]
Changi recorded about 366,000 aircraft movement in 2024, up from 328,000 in 2023.[11] The airport handled 382,000 flights in 2019.
Changi was ranked the fourth busiest international airport in the world in 2024 by OAG.[12] Skytrax ranked Changi Airport in fourth position in two categories; world's cleanest airport and the best airport staff.[13]
In 2024, Skytrax voted Changi as the second world's best airport, behind Doha Hamad International Airport, Qatar.[14]
Skytrax voted Crowne Plaza Changi Airport, located inside the main airport, as the world's best airport hotel for seven times (2015 to 2020, and 2022 to 2024).[15]
The airport is operated by Changi Airport Group, a wholly-owned subsidiary under the purview of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of Singapore. It is served by two runways of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long each. A third central runway is closed due to the construction of Terminal 5.
While the ICAO code for Changi airport is WSSS, the third runway (02R/20L) is originally part of the Changi Air Base (East) operated by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and technically carried a different ICAO code WSAC.[16][17][18]
There are four terminal buildings, with a fifth under construction and due to open in 2030. Three of the terminal buildings are connected to an entertainment and retail complex known as the Jewel Changi Airport.
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Overview
Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to 400+ cities in around 100+ countries and territories worldwide. About 7,400 flights arrive or depart at Changi each week, or one every 80 seconds.
For the 2019 full-year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 68,300,000 passengers (a 4.0% increase over the previous year), the most in its 38-year history.[4] This made it the seventh busiest airport by international passenger traffic in the world and the third busiest in Asia. In December 2019, Changi Airport registered a total of 6.41 million passenger movements, the highest the airport has ever achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily traffic movement record was also broken on 20 December 2019, with 226,692 passengers passing through during that day. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is also one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 2.01 million tonnes of cargo in 2019. The total number of commercial aircraft movements decreased by 1.0% from the previous year to 382,000 in 2019.[4]
In 2024, Changi Airport served 67.7 million passengers, recorded about 366,000 aircraft movement and moved 1.99 million tons of air freight.[10]
The airport has won over 680 awards since its opening, including 28 "Best Airport" awards in 2019 alone.[19] Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its high standards in airport service quality.[20]
History

Conception
Prior to Changi, Singapore's main international airport was located at Paya Lebar. It had opened in 1955 with a single runway and a small passenger terminal, having itself replaced the previous Kallang Airport that began operations in 1937. The decision to move the airport from Paya Lebar to Changi was based on a number of factors.[21] With the growth in global aviation transport, the airport was facing congestion problems. Its inability to cope with the rising traffic became critical by the 1970s; annual passenger numbers rose dramatically from 300,000 in 1955 to 1.7 million in 1970 and to 4 million in 1975. As a result, there was a need to accommodate the growing demand for air travel, the desire to establish Singapore as a global aviation hub, and the need to modernise the country's air transport infrastructure.[22]
The Singaporean government had two options – expand the existing airport at Paya Lebar or build a new airport at another location. After extensive studies, a decision was made in 1972 to keep the airport at Paya Lebar, as recommended by aviation consultants. Plans were made for the building of a second runway and an extensive redevelopment and expansion to the passenger terminal building. A year later, however, the plans were reviewed again as the pressure to expand the airport eased because of the 1973 oil crisis.[22]
Concerned that the existing airport was located in an area with potential for urban growth, which would physically hem it in on all sides, the government subsequently decided in 1975 to build a new airport at the eastern tip of the main island at Changi, at the existing site of Changi Air Base. However, as there was an increase in traffic, the airport still had to be expanded at that time. In addition, aircraft could fly over the sea, avoiding noise pollution issues within residential areas and avoid disastrous consequences on the ground in the event of an air mishap. Formerly known as the Singapore International Airport, the airport in Paya Lebar was subsequently converted for military use and renamed as Paya Lebar Air Base.[22]
Construction
The original master plan for Changi Airport involved constructing a dual-terminal and dual-runway configuration over two phases with provisions for another two passenger terminals in the future. Phase 1 included the construction for the first passenger terminal, the first runway reusing and upgrading the main runway of Changi Air Base, 45 aircraft parking bays, support facilities and structures, including a large maintenance hangar, a fire station, workshops and administrative offices, an airfreight complex, two cargo agents buildings, in-flight catering kitchens and an 80 m (260 ft) control tower. Construction for the second phase would commence immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and include the second runway, 23 new aircraft parking bays in addition to the existing 45 bays, a second fire station and a third cargo agent building.[22][23]
Changi Airport commenced commercial operations on 1 July 1981.[24] Its first flight, Singapore Airlines SQ101, touched down that day at 7:10:00am Singapore Time with 140 passengers from Kuala Lumpur.[24] It officially opened five months later on 29 December 1981. The airport ended its first year of operations with 12.1 million passengers, close to 200,000 tonnes of air freight handled and 63,100 aircraft movements. Subsequent phases opened progressively within the next few decades, with Terminal 2 opening for passenger traffic in 1990, Terminal 3 in 2008, and Terminal 4 in 2017. Terminal 5, which would be larger than all the previous terminals combined, is expected to open in 2030.[24]
Terminals
Passenger terminals
Changi Airport has four main passenger terminals arranged in an elongated inverted "U" shape with Jewel in the centre of the "U" shape. Currently, the airport has a designed total annual handling capacity of 85 million passengers.[25]
Terminal | Date of opening | Location |
---|---|---|
Terminal 1 | 1 July 1981[26] | Northern end |
Terminal 2 | 22 November 1990[27] | Eastern end |
Terminal 3 | 9 January 2008[28][29] | Western end |
Terminal 4 | 31 October 2017[30] | Southern end |
Terminal 5 | 2030s | Southern end |
There is also a privately run luxury terminal called the JetQuay CIP Terminal. It is similar to the Lufthansa First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport, but is open to all passengers travelling in all classes on all airlines with an access fee.[31]
The short-lived Budget Terminal was opened on 26 March 2006 and closed on 25 September 2012 to make way for Terminal 4.
Terminal 5 is currently under construction, along with a third runway. The new terminal is expected to be completed by 2030.[32]
Future terminals and projects
Terminal 5 is anticipated to be operational by the mid-2030s, to meet an anticipated doubling of volume by the 2040s. It is expected to handle 50 million passenger movements per annum.[33] The airport terminal structure is projected to be larger than all the previous terminals combined. It will be built on reclaimed land to the east of the present terminals. It will be partially funded through an increased levy.[34] KPF Singapore with Heatherwick Studio, Architects 61, and DP Architects will provide architectural services. Arup Singapore, Mott MacDonald Singapore and Surbana Jurong Consultants will provide engineering services. The former Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said that the Changi Terminal 5 project was delayed by at least 2 years as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[35]
Mixed-use facilities

Jewel Changi Airport, which opened on 17 April 2019, is a nature-themed entertainment and retail complex interconnecting Terminals 1, 2 and 3.[36] Announced in 2013, it is a new terminal-like structure that is intended to simultaneously be a mixed-use complex.[37] It is situated on a 3.5-hectare site where the Terminal 1 car park used to reside, which has since been moved underground. Jewel was developed by Jewel Changi Airport Trustee Pte Ltd, a joint venture between Changi Airport Group and CapitaLand, through its wholly owned shopping mall business, CapitaLand Mall Asia.[38] The project cost S$1.7 billion.[39]
Part of this project was planned to help expand Terminal 1 to handle 24 million passengers per year by 2018 with stand-alone check-in facilities and lounges, making it an unofficial terminal on its own.[40] The Indoor Waterfall (named "Rain Vortex") in the structure holds the World Record for the tallest indoor waterfall in the world.[41]
Cargo terminal
The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group (CAG) manages the Changi Airfreight Centre[42] located in the north of the airport premises.[43] The airport handled 1.81 million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth busiest in Asia.[44] Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport. Changi airport has initiated attempts to expand into the perishable air cargo market. In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight. Air Cargo World awarded the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award to Changi Airport for handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.[45]
The airport handled 2,006,300 tonnes of cargo in 2016, making it the 13th top cargo airport in the world and the sixth in the Asia Pacific region.[46]
In 2017, the airport handled 2,125,226 tonnes of cargo. The top five cargo markets for the airport were China, Australia, Hong Kong, United States and India.[47]
In 2024, Changi handled 1,990,000 tons of cargo.[10]
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Operations
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cargo
إحصائيات التشغيل
إحصائيات التشغيل | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
السنة | حركة المسافرين |
Passenger % change over previous year |
حركة الشحن (طن) |
Airfreight % change over previous year |
حركة الطائرات |
تغير الطائرات % عن العام السابق | ||||
1998 | 23,803,180 | ![]() |
1,283,660 | ![]() |
165,242 | ![]() | ||||
1999 | 26,064,645 | ▲ 9.5 | 1,500,393 | ▲ 16.8 | 165,961 | ▲ 0.4 | ||||
2000 | 28,618,200 | ▲ 9.8 | 1,682,489 | ▲ 12.1 | 173,947 | ▲ 4.8 | ||||
2001 | 28,093,759 | ![]() |
1,507,062 | ![]() |
179,359 | ▲ 3.1 | ||||
2002 | 28,979,344 | ▲ 3.2 | 1,637,797 | ▲ 8.7 | 174,820 | ![]() | ||||
2003 | 24,664,137 | ![]() |
1,611,407 | ![]() |
154,346 | ![]() | ||||
2004 | 30,353,565 | ▲ 23.0 | 1,775,092 | ▲ 10.1 | 184,932 | ▲ 19.8 | ||||
2005 | 32,430,856 | ▲ 6.8 | 1,833,721 | ▲ 3.3 | 204,138 | ▲ 10.3 | ||||
2006 | 35,033,083 | ▲ 8.0 | 1,931,881 | ▲ 5.4 | 214,000 | ▲ 4.8 | ||||
2007 | 36,701,556 | ▲ 4.8 | 1,918,159 | ![]() |
221,000 | ▲ 3.3 | ||||
2008 | 37,694,824 | ▲ 2.7 | 1,883,894 | ![]() |
232,000 | ▲ 5.0 | ||||
2009 | 37,203,978 | ![]() |
1,633,791 | ![]() |
240,360 | ▲ 3.6 | ||||
2010 | 42,038,777 | ▲ 13.0 | 1,813,809 | ▲ 11.0 | 263,593 | ▲ 9.7 | ||||
2011 | 46,543,845 | ▲ 10.7 | 1,865,252 | ▲ 2.8 | 301,711 | ▲ 14.5 | ||||
2012 | 51,181,804 | ▲ 10.0 | 1,806,225 | ![]() |
324,722 | ▲ 7.6 | ||||
2013 | 53,726,087 | ▲ 5.0 | 1,850,233 | ▲ 2.4 | 343,800 | ▲ 5.9 | ||||
2014 | 54,093,070 | ▲ 0.8 | 1,843,799 | ![]() |
341,386 | ![]() | ||||
2015 | 55,448,964 | ▲ 2.5 | 1,853,087 | ▲ 0.5 | 346,334 | ▲ 1.5 | ||||
2016 | 58,698,039 | ▲ 5.9 | 1,969,434 | ▲ 6.3 | 360,490 | ▲ 4.1 | ||||
2017 | 62,219,573 | ▲ 6.0 | 2,125,226 | ▲ 7.9 | 373,201 | ▲ 3.5 | ||||
المصادر:[99][100][101][102][103][104][105] |
![]() |
Updated: 4 April 2018 |

See also
- Airport Logistics Park
- History of Singapore Changi Airport
- Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport
- Kinetic Rain
References
Notes
- ^ Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.
- ^ Runway 02R/20L is solely for use by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (see Changi Air Base).[3] It will be available for commercial use in the future
Citations
- ^ The Official Site of. Changi Airport Group. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "FedEx opens flagship Asia hub". Singapore's Changi Airport. Aircargonews.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Singapore Changi Airport – Updated Information and Data for Runway 02R/20L" (PDF). AIP Singapore. Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. 22 June 2018.
- ^ أ ب ت "Passenger, airfreight & aircraft movements statistics for 2017". Changi Airport Group. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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Bibliography
- Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1938), "Singapore's great airport", Wonders of World Aviation, pp. 128–130, http://www.wondersofworldaviation.com/singapore-airport.html, illustrated description of the newly opened Singapore Airport
وصلات خارجية

مراجع مكتبية عن مطار سنغافورة تشانگي |
Media related to Singapore Changi Airport at Wikimedia Commons
- Singapore Changi Airport Official Site
- Singapore Changi Airport JetQuay CIP Terminal Official Website
- Virtual Reality View of Changi Airport Terminal 3
- 360° Image of Changi Airport Terminal 3
- Accident history for SIN at Aviation Safety Network
- Current weather for WSSS at NOAA/NWS
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