ليتل روك، أركنسا
ليتل روك، أركنسا
Little Rock, Arkansas | |
---|---|
City of Little Rock | |
Clockwise from top: Little Rock skyline, Arkansas Razorbacks football in War Memorial Stadium, the Arkansas State Capitol, River Market District, Little Rock Central High School, and the William J. Clinton Presidential Library | |
الكنية: The Rock, Rock Town, LR | |
الإحداثيات: 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W / 34.73611°N 92.33111°W | |
Country | الولايات المتحدة |
State | أركنساس |
County | Pulaski |
Township | Big Rock |
Founded | June 1, 1821 |
Incorporated (town) | November 7, 1831 |
Incorporated (city) | November 2, 1835 |
السمِيْ | فرنسية: La Petite Roche (The "Little Rock") |
الحكومة | |
• النوع | Council-manager |
• Mayor | Frank Scott Jr. (D) |
• Council | Little Rock Board of Directors |
المساحة | |
• State capital city | 123٫00 ميل² (318٫58 كم²) |
• البر | 120٫05 ميل² (310٫92 كم²) |
• الماء | 2٫96 ميل² (7٫66 كم²) |
• العمران | 4٬090٫34 ميل² (10٬593٫94 كم²) |
المنسوب | 335 ft (102 m) |
التعداد (2020) | |
• State capital city | 202٬591 |
• الترتيب | US: 126th |
• الكثافة | 1٬687٫60/sq mi (651٫58/km2) |
• Urban | 431٬388 (US: 89th) |
• العمرانية | 738٬344 (US: 80th) |
صفة المواطن | Little Rocker |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC−06:00 (CST) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC−05:00 (CDT) |
ZIP code(s) | 72201-72207, 72209-72212, 72214-72217, 72219, 72221-72223, 72225, 72227, 72231, 72255, 72260, 72295 |
مفتاح الهاتف | 501 |
FIPS code | 05-41000 |
GNIS feature ID | 83350 |
Major airport | Clinton National Airport/Adams Field (LIT) |
Interstate Highways | Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I |
Other major highways | Invalid type: US, Invalid type: US, Invalid type: US, Invalid type: US, Invalid type: AR |
الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
ليتل روك Little Rock, Arkansas، هي عاصمة ولاية أركنسا في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وتقع على الضفة الغربية لنهر أركنسا. تأسست عام 1821 ويبلغ عدد سكانها 202,591 نسمة في تعداد عام 2020، حسب مكتب الإحصاء الأمريكي. As the county seat of Pulaski County, the city was incorporated on November 7, 1831, on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the state's geographic center. The city derived its name from a rock formation along the river, named the "Little Rock" (French: La Petite Roche) by the French explorer Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe in 1722. The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821. The six-county Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is ranked 78th in terms of population in the United States with 738,344 residents according to the 2017 estimate by the United States Census Bureau.[2][3]
Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the South. Several cultural institutions are in Little Rock, such as the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre, the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra, and the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center, in addition to hiking, boating, and other outdoor recreational opportunities. Little Rock's history is available through history museums, historic districts or neighborhoods of Little Rock like the Quapaw Quarter, and historic sites such as Little Rock Central High School. The city is the headquarters of Dillard's, Windstream Communications, Acxiom, Stephens Inc., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, Winrock International, the Clinton Foundation, and the Rose Law Firm. Other corporations, such as Amazon, Dassault Falcon Jet, LM Wind Power, Simmons Bank, Euronet Worldwide, AT&T, and Entergy have large operations in the city. State government is a large employer, with many offices downtown. Two major Interstate highways, Interstate 30 and Interstate 40, meet in Little Rock, with the Port of Little Rock serving as a shipping hub.
وهي مقر لشركة أكسيوم. وهي عاصمة صناعة الدواجن في الولايات المتحدة، وأكبرهم شركة پوردو.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
أصل الاسم
Little Rock derives its name from a small rock formation on the south bank of the Arkansas River called the "Little Rock" (French: La Petite Roche). The Little Rock was used by early river traffic as a landmark and became a well-known river crossing. The Little Rock is across the river from The Big Rock, a large bluff at the edge of the river, which was once used as a rock quarry.[4]
التاريخ
Archeological artifacts provide evidence of Native Americans inhabiting Central Arkansas for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. The early inhabitants may have been the Folsom people, Bluff Dwellers, and Mississippian culture peoples who built earthwork mounds recorded in 1541 by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Historical tribes of the area were the Caddo, Quapaw, Osage, Choctaw, and Cherokee.
Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark.[5] It was named in 1722 by French explorer and trader Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, marked the transition from the flat Mississippi Delta region to the Ouachita Mountain foothills. Travelers referred to the area as the "Little Rock". Though there was an effort to officially name the city "Arkopolis" upon its founding in the 1820s, and that name did appear on a few maps made by the US Geological Survey, the name Little Rock is eventually what stuck.[6][7][8]
الجغرافيا
Little Rock is located at 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W / 34.73611°N 92.33111°W (34.736009, −92.331122).[9]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 116.8 square miles (303 km2), of which 116.2 square miles (301 km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) (0.52%) is water.
Little Rock is on the south bank of the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. Fourche Creek and Rock Creek run through the city, and flow into the river. The western part of the city is in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Northwest of the city limits are Pinnacle Mountain and Lake Maumelle, which provides Little Rock's drinking water.
The city of North Little Rock is just across the river from Little Rock, but it is a separate city. North Little Rock was once the 8th ward of Little Rock. An Arkansas Supreme Court decision on February 6, 1904, allowed the ward to merge with the neighboring town of North Little Rock. The merged town quickly renamed itself Argenta (the local name for the former 8th Ward), but returned to its original name in October 1917.[10]
المناخ
Climate data for ليتل روك | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 49.5 (9.7) |
55.6 (13.1) |
64.2 (17.9) |
72.9 (22.7) |
81.0 (27.2) |
89.0 (31.7) |
92.8 (33.8) |
92.1 (33.4) |
85.1 (29.5) |
75.1 (23.9) |
62.0 (16.7) |
52.5 (11.4) |
72.7 (22.6) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 30.8 (−0.7) |
34.8 (1.6) |
42.6 (5.9) |
50.0 (10.0) |
59.2 (15.1) |
67.8 (19.9) |
72.0 (22.2) |
70.5 (21.4) |
63.6 (17.6) |
51.5 (10.8) |
41.5 (5.3) |
33.9 (1.1) |
51.5 (10.8) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.61 (92) |
3.33 (85) |
4.88 (124) |
5.47 (139) |
5.05 (128) |
3.95 (100) |
3.31 (84) |
2.93 (74) |
3.71 (94) |
4.25 (108) |
5.73 (146) |
4.71 (120) |
50.93 (1٬294) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.0 (5.1) |
1.3 (3.3) |
0.6 (1.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.1 (0.25) |
4.3 (11) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.6 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 9.7 | 106.3 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.1 | .8 | .3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .3 | .3 | 2.8 |
Source: NCDC [11] |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
الحكومة
التوزيع السكاني
التعداد التاريخي | |||
---|---|---|---|
التعداد | Pop. | %± | |
1850 | 2٬167 | — | |
1860 | 3٬727 | 72�0% | |
1870 | 12٬380 | 232٫2% | |
1880 | 13٬138 | 6٫1% | |
1890 | 25٬874 | 96٫9% | |
1900 | 38٬307 | 48٫1% | |
1910 | 45٬941 | 19٫9% | |
1920 | 65٬142 | 41٫8% | |
1930 | 81٬679 | 25٫4% | |
1940 | 88٬039 | 7٫8% | |
1950 | 102٬213 | 16٫1% | |
1960 | 107٬813 | 5٫5% | |
1970 | 132٬483 | 22٫9% | |
1980 | 159٬151 | 20٫1% | |
1990 | 175٬795 | 10٫5% | |
2000 | 183٬133 | 4٫2% | |
2010 | 193٬524 | 5٫7% | |
2020 | 202٬591 | 4٫7% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[12] |
تعداد 2020
العرق | # | % |
---|---|---|
White | 85,401 | 42.15% |
Black or African American | 81,339 | 40.15% |
Native American | 497 | 0.25% |
Asian | 7,099 | 3.5% |
Pacific Islander | 69 | 0.03% |
Other/Mixed | 7,719 | 3.81% |
Hispanic or Latino | 20,467 | 10.1% |
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 202,591 people, 80,063 households, and 45,577 families residing in the city.
الاقتصاد
Dillard's Department Stores, Windstream Communications and Acxiom, Simmons Bank, Bank of the Ozarks, Rose Law Firm, Central Flying Service and large brokerage Stephens Inc. are headquartered in Little Rock. Large companies headquartered in other cities but with a large presence in Little Rock are Dassault Falcon Jet near Little Rock National Airport in the eastern part of the city, Fidelity National Information Services in northwestern Little Rock, and Welspun Corp in Southeast Little Rock. Little Rock and its surroundings are the headquarters for some of the world's largest nonprofit organizations, such as Winrock International, Heifer International, the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now, Clinton Foundation, Lions World Services for the Blind, Clinton Presidential Center, Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation, FamilyLife, Audubon Arkansas, and The Nature Conservancy. Associations, such as the American Taekwondo Association, Arkansas Hospital Association, and the Quapaw Quarter Association. Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, Baptist Health Medical Center, Entergy, Dassault Falcon Jet, Siemens, AT&T Mobility, Kroger, Euronet Worldwide, L'Oréal, Timex, and UAMS are employers throughout Little Rock. One of the largest public employers in the state with over 10,552 employees, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) and its healthcare partners—Arkansas Children's Hospital and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System—have a total economic impact in Arkansas of about $5 billion per year. UAMS receives less than 11% of its funding from the state. Its operation is funded by payments for clinical services (64%), grants and contracts (18%), philanthropy and other (5%), and tuition and fees (2%). The Little Rock port is an intermodal river port with a large industrial business complex. It is designated as Foreign Trade Zone 14. International corporations such as Danish manufacturer LM Glasfiber have established new facilities adjacent to the port.
Along with Louisville and Memphis, Little Rock has a branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis.[14]
الفنون والثقافة
Cultural sites in Little Rock include the following.
- Arkansas Arboretum – at Pinnacle Mountain, it has a trail with flora and tree plantings.
- Arkansas Arts Center – The state's largest art museum, containing drawings, collections, children's theater productions, works by Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and others in eight art galleries, a museum school, gift shop and restaurant.
- Community Theatre of Little Rock – Founded in 1956, it is the area's oldest performance art company.[بحاجة لمصدر]
- Arkansas Repertory Theatre – The state's largest professional, not-for-profit theatre company, in its 34th season. "The Rep" produces works such as contemporary comedies, dramas, world premiers, and dramatic literature.
- Arkansas Symphony Orchestra[15] – In its 41st season, the orchestra performs over 30 concerts a year and many events.[بحاجة لمصدر]
- Heifer International – Headquarters of the global hunger and poverty relief organization, adjacent to the Clinton Presidential Center
- Quapaw Quarter – Start of the 20th century Little Rock consists of three National Register historic districts with at least a hundred buildings on the National Register of Historic Places.
- Robinson Center Music Hall – The main performance center of the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra.
- Wildwood Park for the Arts – The largest park dedicated to the performing arts in the South. It features seasonal festivals and cultural events.
المتاحف
- The Arkansas Arts Center, the state's largest cultural institution, is a museum of art and an active center for the visual and performing arts.
- The Museum of Discovery features hands-on exhibits in the fields of science, history and technology.
- The William J. Clinton Presidential Center includes the Clinton presidential library and the offices of the Clinton Foundation and the Clinton School of Public Service. The Library facility, designed by architect James Polshek, cantilevers over the Arkansas River, echoing Clinton's campaign promise of "building a bridge to the 21st century". The archives and library have 2 million photographs, 80 million pages of documents, 21 million e-mail messages, and nearly 80,000 artifacts from the Clinton presidency. The museum within the library showcases artifacts from Clinton's term and has a full-scale replica of the Clinton-era Oval Office. Opened on November 18, 2004, the Clinton Presidential Center cost $165 million to construct and covers 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) within a 28-acre (113,000 m2) park.
- The Historic Arkansas Museum is a regional history museum focusing primarily on the frontier time period.
- The MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History opened in 2001, the last remaining structure of the original Little Rock Arsenal and one of the oldest buildings in central Arkansas, it was the birthplace of General Douglas MacArthur who went on to be the supreme commander of US forces in the South Pacific during World War II.
- The Old State House Museum is a former state capitol building now home to a history museum focusing on Arkansas's recent history.
- The Mosaic Templars Cultural Center is a nationally accredited, state-funded museum and cultural center focusing on African American history and culture in Arkansas.
- The ESSE Purse Museum illustrates the stories of American women's lives during the 1900s through their handbags and the day-to-day items carried in them
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التعليم
المكتبات العامة
الصحة
الثقافة
التسوق
الرياضة
النادي | الاتحاد | الملعب | تأسس | البطولات |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arkansas Travelers | Texas League | Dickey-Stephens Park | 1895 | 9 |
Arkansas Diamonds | Indoor Football League | Verizon Arena | 2000 | 0 |
Arkansas-Little Rock Trojans | NCAA–Sun Belt Conference | Jack Stephens Center | 1927 | 3 |
Arkansas-Little Rock Trojans | NCAA–Sun Belt Conference | Gary Hogan Field | 1927 | 0 |
Arkansas Rhinos | North American Football League | Mills High School | 2000 | 1 |
النقل
الطرق
البرى
الجوي
البحري
الاعلام
الموسيقى
المدن الشقيقة
Little Rock's sister cities are:[16]
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan (1983)
- Hanam, South Korea (1992)
- Changchun, China (1994)
- Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (1999)
- Caxias do Sul, Brazil (2017)
انظر أيضا
المصادر
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved 2014-06-21.
- ^ "Census shows overall state population up 9.1 percent". Arkansasonline.com. 2011-02-10. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ^ "Our Historical City". City of Little Rock. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
- ^ "Colorful Names". Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. Archived from the original on November 24, 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "The Hyde Park Historical Record". Hyde Park Historical Society. December 29, 2017. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Williams, C. Fred (December 29, 2017). Historic Little Rock: An Illustrated History. HPN Books. ISBN 9781893619821. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Herndon, Dallas Tabor (1922). The High Lights of Arkansas History. Arkansas History commission. p. 37 – via Internet Archive.
arkopolis little rock.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ Bradbury, Cary (2007-11-14). "North Little Rock (Pulaski County)". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-15.
- ^ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals" (PDF).
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on October 3, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ "Little Rock Branch | Regional Executive Robert Hopkins". St. Louis Fed. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
- ^ "arkansassymphony.org". arkansassymphony.org. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
- ^ "Sister Cities". littlerock.gov. City of Little Rock. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- Gailiano, Amanda. "Lets Get Historical - Early Arkansas." About.com Cities and Towns 19 April 2006. [1]
- City-Data.com. "Average Climate in Little Rock, Arkansas." [2]
قراءات إضافية
- Morgan, James. "Little Rock: The 2005 American Heritage Great American Place" American Heritage, October 2005.
- Greater Little Rock: a contemporary portrait, Letha Mills, 1990
- The Atlas of Arkansas, Richard M. Smith 1989
- Cities in the U.S.; The South, Fourth Edition, Volume 1, Linda Schmittroth, 2001
- Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940-1970, John A. Kirk, 2002.
- How We Lived: Little Rock as an American City, Frederick Hampton Roy, 1985
وصلات خارجية
ثقافية
أخرى
- Little Rock travel guide from Wikitravel
- Little Rock Chamber of Commerce
- Little Rock Examiner
- History of Little Rock's Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
- Little Rock Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Downtown Little Rock Partnership
- Heart of Arkansas Tourism
- Little Rock Metroplan
- Little Rock Info
- Little Rock Renaissance (from the UCA Honors College)
- Online Little Rock
- Metro Little Rock Alliance
- Downtown Little Rock
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- CS1 maint: unfit URL
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Missing redirects
- Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Articles containing فرنسية-language text
- Pages using Lang-xx templates
- Jct template errors
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016
- ليتل روك، أركنسا
- أماكن مأهولة تأسست في 1821
- مدن أركنساس
- Arkansas populated places on the Arkansas River
- Cities in Arkansas
- Cities in Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway metropolitan area
- Cities in Pulaski County, Arkansas
- County seats in Arkansas
- Planned cities in the United States
- Populated places established in 1821
- Special economic zones of the United States
- Twin cities