لسان أرضي
اللسان الأرضي salient هو نتوء مستطيل من كيان جيوسياسي، مثل كيان دون قومي أو دولة ذات سيادة.
وبينما يماثل شبه الجزيرة في الشكل، إلا أن اللسان الأرضي لا يحيطه الماء من ثلاث جوانب ويرتبط بالبر الرئيسي الطبيعي. وبدلاً من ذلك، فإن حدود برية تحده من جانبين على الأقل ويمتد من كيان جغرافي أكبر لوحدة ادارية.
وفي الإنگليزية الأمريكية فإن مصطلح panhandle (أي مقبض الطاسة) كثيراً ما يُستخدم لوصف لسان بري طويل نسبياً وضيق، مثل الامتداد بأقصى غرب أوكلاهوما. وثمة أوصاف أقل شيوعاً، منها المدخنة chimney (إذا كان النتوء باتجاه الشمال، كما تفعل المدخنة من السقف، كما هو الطرف بأقصى شمال الڤرجينيات) و كعب البوت bootheel (إذا كان النتوء باتجاه الجنوب، مثل كعب بوت مزوري).
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الألسنة على مستوى الدول
أفريقيا
- Cibitoke Province, بوروندي
- Far North Province, الكامرون
- Congo Pedicle, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
- Kongo Central, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
- Southern Red Sea Region, إرتريا
- Gambela Region, إثيوبيا
- Nimba County, ليبريا
- Nsanje District, ملاوي
- Kayes Region, مالي
- Tete Province, موزمبيق
- قطاع كاپريڤي، ناميبيا
- Casamance, السنغال
- Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, جنوب أفريقيا
- Namorunyang State, South Sudan
- النيل الأزرق، السودان
- لسان وادي حلفا، السودان
- Kagera Region, Tanzania
الأمريكتان
- Misiones, الأرجنتين
- رورايما، البرازيل
- Southeast Ontario، كندا
- Tatshenshini-Alsek Park[مطلوب توضيح], British Columbia، كندا
- Southern Amazonas, كولومبيا
- Southeast Guainía Department, كولومبيا
- Petén, Guatemala
- Tumbes Region, Peru
- Southeast Alaska, Alaska, United States (see also Panhandles in the United States)
- Amazonas, Venezuela
آسيا
- Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan
- Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Rangpur, Bangladesh
- Tanintharyi Region, Burma (Myanmar)
- Parrot's Beak, Cambodia
- Louroujina Salient, قبرص
- Seven Sister States, India
- سيكيم، الهند
- Jerusalem corridor, Israel
- Galilee Panhandle, Israel
- Mafraq Governorate, Jordan
- Phongsaly Province, Laos
- Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan
- Batken, Kyrgyzstan
- Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia
- North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng, and Ryanggang, together comprise the "panhandle" of North Korea[بحاجة لمصدر][من؟]
- Primorsky Krai, Russia
- Sughd, Tajikistan
- Southern Thailand, Thailand
- Hatay Province, Turkey
- Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan
- Tây Ninh Province, Vietnam
أوروبا
- Syunik, Armenia
- Tyrol and Vorarlberg together comprise the western "panhandle" of Austria
- Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Vidin Province, Bulgaria
- Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia
- Cheb District, Czech Republic
- Šluknov Hook, Czech Republic
- Laatre, Viljandi County, Estonia
- Enontekiö, Finland
- Charleville-Mézières, France
- Kakheti, Georgia
- Western Thrace, Greece
- Donegal, Ireland
- Monaghan, Ireland
- Province of Trieste, Italy
- Dieveniškės Appendix, Lithuania
- Briceni District, Moldova
- Castelré, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands
- Limburg, the Netherlands
- Bogatynia, Poland
- Bryansk Oblast, Russia
- Galicia, Spain
- Canton of Geneva, Switzerland
- Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland
- Bernina, Inn, Lugano, Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts, Switzerland
- Budjak, Ukraine
الألسنة دون القومية
The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.
الألسنة دون القومية في أفريقيا
- Tafraoui, ولاية وهران، الجزائر
- جنوب غرب ولاية سعيدة، الجزائر
- Northeastern Bié Province, Angola
- Eastern Kgalagadi District, Botswana
- Balé Province, Boucle du Mouhoun Region, Burkina Faso
- Kouritenga Province, Centre-Est Region, Burkina Faso
- Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
- Northern Muyinga Province, Burundi
- Okoyo District, Cuvette Department, Republic of the Congo
- Kimongo District, Niari Department, Republic of the Congo
- Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province, Equatorial Guinea
- Sitti Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
- Haut-Komo Department, Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon
- Upper Denkyira West District, Central Region, Ghana
- Télimélé Prefecture, Kindia Region, Guinea
- Northeast Mamou Prefecture, Mamou Region, Guinea
- Western Isiolo County, Kenya
- Eastern Al Wahat District, Libya
- Southern Mzimba District, Northern Region, Malawi
- Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region, Mauritania
- Boumdeid Department, Assaba Region, Mauritania
- Southeastern Tete Province, Mozambique
- Gossas Department, Fatick Region, Senegal
- Southern Uvinza District, Kigoma Region, Tanzania
- Babati, Hanang, and Mbulu Districts, Manyara Region, Tanzania
- Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe
الألسنة دون القومية في الأمريكتين
- Southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
- Luis Calvo, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia
- Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia
- Whale Coast, Bahia, Brazil
- Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Northwestern British Columbia, Canada
- Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region, Chile
- San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region, Chile
- Western Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica
- Guamá, Santiago de Cuba Province, Cuba
- Southern Hato Mayor Province, Dominican Republic
- Southern Samaná Province, Dominican Republic
- Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province, Ecuador
- Southeastern Napo Province, Ecuador
- Balzar and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province, Ecuador
- Southern San Miguel Department, El Salvador
- Northern East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana
- Norte, Jalisco, Mexico
- Eastern Tabasco, Mexico
- Southeastern Zacatecas, Mexico
- Southern Zacatecas, Mexico
- Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama
- Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province, Panama
- Mariato District, Veraguas Province, Panama
- Northern Tapanahony, Sipaliwini District, Suriname
- Páez, Apure, Venezuela
- Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela
- Arismendi Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela
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مقابض الطاسات في الولايات المتحدة
State | Largest city | Population | Area (sq mi) | المساحة (km2) | الكثافة السكانية (per sq mi) |
Population density (/km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | Juneau | 71,616 | 35,138 | 91,010 | 2 | 0.77 |
Connecticut | Stamford | 224,284 | 96 | 250 | 2,336 | 902 |
Florida* | Tallahassee | 1,407,925 | 11,304 | 29,280 | 125 | 48 |
Idaho | Coeur d'Alene | 317,751 | 21,013 | 54,420 | 15 | 5.8 |
Maryland† | Frederick | 492,950 | 2,194 | 5,680 | 225 | 87 |
Nebraska | Scottsbluff | 87,789 | 14,258 | 36,930 | 6 | 2.3 |
Oklahoma | Guymon | 28,751 | 5,687 | 14,730 | 5 | 1.9 |
Texas | Amarillo | 427,927 | 25,887 | 67,050 | 17 | 6.6 |
Eastern West Virginia | Martinsburg | 261,041 | 3,499 | 9,060 | 75 | 29 |
Northern West Virginia | Wheeling | 132,295 | 601 | 1,560 | 220 | 85 |
* This definition includes the following counties: Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.
† This definition includes the following counties: Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington
Many people in the Pacific Northwest refer to the extreme northern section of Idaho's panhandle as "The Chimney", due to its resemblance to a chimney when viewed on maps.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Although Utah, like Nebraska, has a protrusion from its otherwise straight border, it is not usually considered a panhandle.
- The six northwest Cook County, Illinois townships, outside of Chicago.[1]
- The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway was often called the Panhandle, as it crossed the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia.
- The San Francisco Panhandle, California
الألسنة دون القومية في آسيا
- Wakhan District, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
- Nawa District, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan
- Chishti Sharif District, Herat Province, Afghanistan
- Eastern Sarpang District, Bhutan
- Northern Mandalay Division, Burma
- Eastern Chuzhou, Anhui, China PR
- Western Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, China PR
- Jiuquan, Pingliang and Qingyang, Gansu, China PR
- Daxing'anling Prefecture, Heilongjiang, China PR
- Zhaotong, Yunnan, China PR
- Koraput and Malkangiri districts, Odisha, India
- Kota division, Rajasthan, India
- Southern Jhansi division, Uttar Pradesh, India
- East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran
- Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
- Southern Yazd Province, Iran
- Wadi Araba Department, Aqaba Governorate, Jordan
- Russeifa Department, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan
- Southwest Panfilov District, Chuy Region, Kyrgyzstan
- Chong-Alay District, Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan
- Nabatieh District, Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon
- Eastern Achham District, Far-Western Region, Nepal
- Western Surkhet District, Mid-Western Region, Nepal
- Bannu, Karak, and Kohat Divisions, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Eastern Maguindanao, Philippines
- Trincomalee District, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
- Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama Governorate, Syria
- Darvoz District, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan
- Western Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
الألسنة دون القومية في أوروبا
- Southern Gmunden, Upper Austria, Austria
- Frederikshavn Municipality, North Denmark Region, Denmark
- Parikkala, South Karelia, Finland
- Ruokolahti, South Karelia, Finland
- Varkaus, Pohjois-Savo, Finland
- Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany
- Osnabrück District and City, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Altenburger Land, Thuringia, Germany
- Northern Pest County, Hungary
- Southern Westfjords, Iceland
- Clonlisk, County Offaly, Leinster, Ireland
- Province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy
- Raseiniai District Municipality, Kaunas County, Lithuania
- Rivierenland, Gelderland, the Netherlands
- Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, the Netherlands
- Mourão, Évora District, Portugal
- Vorkuta District, Komi Republic, Russia
- Diessenhofen, Schlatt bei Diessenhofen, and Basadingen-Schlattingen, Frauenfeld District, Thurgau, Switzerland
- Monthey District, Valais, Switzerland
- Western New Forest District, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- The area around Tring, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
- North Cornwall, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- Buckfastleigh, Teignbridge, United Kingdom
الألسنة دون القومية في أوقيانوسيا
- Northeastern Nadroga-Navosa Province, Western Division, Fiji
- Southern Anetan District, Nauru
- Rangitaiki River Valley, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
- Hunter River Valley, Otago region, New Zealand
- Northeastern West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea
انظر أيضاً
- Bootheel
- Border irregularities of the United States
- حدود
- Chicken's Neck (disambiguation)
- Corridor (disambiguation)
- Enclave and exclave
- Fergana Valley (triple junction of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan)
- Gerrymandering
- Political geography
- Salients, re-entrants and pockets
- The Thumb
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الهامش
- ^ "Cook County Forest Preserve District Recreational Facilities". Users.rcn.com. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
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