كيل ڤان كول

40°38′38″N 74°07′12″W / 40.644°N 74.120°W / 40.644; -74.120

كيل ڤان كول (باللون الأحمر) يربط خليج نوارك بـUpper New York Bay

خريطة مرفأ نيويورك تبين موقع كيل ڤان كول

كيل ڤان كول Kill Van Kull هو tidal strait between Staten Island, New York and Bayonne, New Jersey in the United States. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) long and 1,000 feet (305 m) wide and connects Newark Bay with Upper New York Bay.^[1] The Robbins Reef Light is at the eastern end of the Kill, and Bergen Point marks its western end. It is spanned by the Bayonne Bridge and is one of the most heavily traveled waterways in the Port of New York and New Jersey.

Historically, it has been one of the most important channels for the commerce of the region, providing a passage for marine traffic between Upper New York Bay and the industrial towns of northeastern New Jersey. During the colonial era, it played a significant role in travel between New York and the southern colonies, with passengers changing from ferries to coaches at Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth).

Since the final third of the 20th century, it has provided the principal access for oceangoing container ships to Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, the busiest port facility in the eastern United States, and Howland Hook Marine Terminal. The strait has required continued dredging and deepening to accommodate the passage of ever-larger ships. In many areas, the sandy bottom was excavated down to rock and required blasting.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The Bayonne Bridge's deck was raised in 2017 so that New Panamax ships could travel the Kill Van Kull.^[6]

Collins Park in Bayonne is situated along the northern shore.

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أصل الاسم

Kill Van Kull translates as "channel of the ridge" or "pass". Nearby is the Arthur Kill, the name of which is an Anglicization of the Dutch achter kill meaning "back channel", referring to its location "behind" Staten Island.

The name "Kill Van Kull" originated during the early 17th century, during the Dutch colonial era, when the region was part of New Netherland. Places were named by early explorers and settlers in reference to their shape, topography, or other geographic qualities. The area around Newark Bay was termed Achter Col.^[7] The bay lies behind Bergen Hill, the ridge of the Hudson Palisades which begins on Bergen Neck, the peninsula between it and the Upper New York Bay. Behind or achter the ridge was a col or mountain pass to the interior.

Kill comes from the Middle Dutch word kille meaning creek. Compare Dordtse Kil in the Netherlands. The bay was known as Cull Bay during the British colonial era.^[8]

معرض صور

Western part of the Kill from the Bayonne Bridge
USACE dredge brings up blasted bedrock in widening the channel.
Ships in Upper New York Bay wait to enter the Kill.
Eastern part of Kill Van Kull

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

^ Hudson County New Jersey Street Map. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008. ISBN 978-0-88097-763-0.
^ Ports and waterways safety: Kill Van Kull Channel et al., NY and NJ, Federal Register, April 15, 1999 (Nbr. Vol. 64, No. 72)
^ Nadler: Kill Van Kull Fiasco Shows Red Hook’s Importance Archived أكتوبر 9, 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Congressional Press Release
^ Kill Van Kull & Newark Bay Channel Deepening Archived يوليو 14, 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, 30. April 1999
^ Corps Announces Start of Test Blasting Work for Kill Van Kull 50 Foot Deepening Archived نوفمبر 29, 2010 at the Wayback Machine, U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers, Media Advisory, August 1, 2005
^ Shawn Boburg. $1B Bayonne Bridge Renovation Six Months Ahead of Schedule, Bergen County Record, July 19, 2012.
^ "Historical marker of Achter Col "colony"". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
^ Grabas, Joseph A. "Land Speculation and Proprietary Beginnings of New Jersey" (PDF). The Advocate. New Jersey Land Title Association. XVI (4): 3, 20, 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 20, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2010.

[1] Hudson County New Jersey Street Map. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008. ISBN 978-0-88097-763-0.

[2] Ports and waterways safety: Kill Van Kull Channel et al., NY and NJ, Federal Register, April 15, 1999 (Nbr. Vol. 64, No. 72)

[3] Nadler: Kill Van Kull Fiasco Shows Red Hook’s Importance Archived أكتوبر 9, 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Congressional Press Release

[4] Kill Van Kull & Newark Bay Channel Deepening Archived يوليو 14, 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, 30. April 1999

[5] Corps Announces Start of Test Blasting Work for Kill Van Kull 50 Foot Deepening Archived نوفمبر 29, 2010 at the Wayback Machine, U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers, Media Advisory, August 1, 2005

[6] Shawn Boburg. $1B Bayonne Bridge Renovation Six Months Ahead of Schedule, Bergen County Record, July 19, 2012.

[7] "Historical marker of Achter Col "colony"". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved September 2, 2010.

[8] Grabas, Joseph A. "Land Speculation and Proprietary Beginnings of New Jersey" (PDF). The Advocate. New Jersey Land Title Association. XVI (4): 3, 20, 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 20, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2010.

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v t e نهر هدسون
الروافد	Batten Kill Black Meadow Creek Bowery Creek Breakneck Brook Canajoharie Creek Caroga Creek Casperkill Catskill Creek Cayadutta Creek Cedar River Claverack Creek Clove Brook Cobleskill Creek Coeymans Creek Coxsackie Creek Cross River Croton River East Branch Croton River East Branch Sacandaga River East Canada Creek Eightmile Creek Esopus Creek Fall Kill Fishkill Creek Fonteyn Kill Fulmer Creek Hannacrois Creek Honnedaga Brook Hoosic River Jackson Creek Jan De Bakkers Kill Kaaterskill Creek Kayaderosseras Kinderhook Creek Kisco River Lake Creek Little Shawangunk Kill Maritje Kill Miami River Mill Creek Mohawk River Moodna Creek Moordener Kill Moyer Creek Muddy Kill Neepaulakating Creek Normans Kill Nowadaga Creek Onesquethaw Creek Oriskany Creek Otsquago Creek Otter Kill Papakating Creek Peekskill Hollow Creek Pocantico River Pochuck Creek Poesten Kill Potic Creek Quassaick Creek Roeliff Jansen Kill Rondout Creek Sacandaga River Sauquoit Creek Saw Kill Saw Mill River Sawyer Kill Schoharie Creek Schroon River Shawangunk Kill Sparkill Creek Sprout Creek Steele Creek Stockport Creek Stony Clove Creek Taghkanic Creek Tenmile Creek Tin Brook Titicus River Verkeerder Kill Vloman Kill Wallkill River Walloomsac River Wappinger Creek Wawayanda Creek West Branch Papakating Creek West Branch Sacandaga River West Canada Creek Wynants Kill
البحيرات	Alcove Reservoir Ashokan Reservoir Basic Creek Reservoir Beacon Reservoir Bog Brook Reservoir Cedar Lake Chadwick Lake Chub Lake Cross River Reservoir Croton Falls Reservoir Dyken Pond East Branch Reservoir East Caroga Lake Fall Lake Franklinton Vlaie Garnet Lake Glenmere Lake Great Sacandaga Lake Great Vlaie Henderson Lake Honnedaga Lake Indian Lake Lizard Pond Lake Maratanza Muscoot Reservoir Lake Neepaulin New Croton Reservoir Notch Lake Piseco Lake Lake Pleasant Queechy Lake Rondout Reservoir Sacandaga Lake Saratoga Lake Sturgeon Pool Surprise Lake Sylvan Lake Lake Tear of the Clouds Thompson Pond Titicus Reservoir Trout Lake West Caroga Lake Whaley Lake Winnisook Lake
البلدات	ألباني ألپاين أمستردام بايون بيكن بدفورد بيكمان Bennington Bethlehem Blooming Grove كارمل Catskill Cliffside Park Clifton Park Cohoes كولوني Cortlandt East Fishkill East Greenbush Edgewater إنگلوود كليفس Fishkill فورت لي Glenville Gloversville Greenburgh Guilderland Halfmoon Herkimer هوبوكن Hyde Park جرزي سيتي كنگستون كيركلاند LaGrange ليود مالطا Middletown ميلتون مونروا Montgomery Moreau Mount Pleasant نيو كاسل New Hartford New Paltz نيو ونزر مدينة نيويورك Newburgh Niskayuna North Adams North Bergen Ossining Peekskill Plattekill Poughkeepsie Queensbury روم Rotterdam Saugerties سكنكتادي Shawangunk Somers Southeast Sparta تنافلاي تروي Utica Vernon Wallkill Wappinger Warwick ويهاكن West New York Whitestown ولتون يونكرز يوركتاون
معالم	جبال أديرونداك Adirondack Park Ashokan Bridge Blenheim Bridge Buskirk Bridge جبال كاتس‌كيل قناة شامپلين Cohoes Falls Copeland Bridge قناة الدلاوير والهدسون Eagleville Bridge نهر إيست قناة إري جسر جورج واشنطن نهر هارلم Helderberg Escarpment Hudson Highlands State Park Kaaterskill Clove Kaaterskill Falls Kill Van Kull Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge Mid-Hudson Bridge Newburgh–Beacon Bridge پاليسيدز Perrine's Bridge Plotter Kill Preserve Pollepel Island Popolopen Rexleigh Bridge Rip Van Winkle Bridge Salisbury Center Bridge Schoharie Bridge جسر شوشان Sleepy Hollow تمثال الحرية Taconic Mountains جسر تاپان زي Verkeerderkill Falls جسر ڤرازانو-ناروز Walkway over the Hudson Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge West Canada Lake Wilderness Area وست پوينت