سنترال پارك

هذا المقال هو عن the public park in New York City. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر سنترال پارك (توضيح).

Central Park
The Pond and Midtown Manhattan from the Gapstow Bridge
Interactive map showing location of Central Park
النوع	Urban park
الموقع	Manhattan, New York City, United States
الإحداثيات	40°46′56″N 73°57′55″W
المساحة	843 acres (3.41 km2; 1.317 sq mi)
خـُلـِق	1857–1876
المالك	NYC Parks
يشغـِّله	Central Park Conservancy
الزوار	about 37–38 million annually
مفتوح	6:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.
Public transit access	Subway and bus; see "Public transport"
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
معلم تاريخي وطني أمريكي
NYC Scenic Landmark
المعماري	Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903), Calvert Vaux (1824–1895)
NRHP reference No.
تواريخ بارزة
أضيف إلى NRHP	October 15, 1966
Designated NHL	May 23, 1963
أُدرِجـَت NYCL	March 26, 1974

سنترال پارك Central Park هي حديقة كبيرة موجودة في مدينة نيويورك بين Upper West and Upper East Sides of منهاتن. It is the fifth-largest park in the city by area, covering 843 acres (3.41 km²). It is the most visited urban park in the United States with an estimated 38 million visitors annually, and is the most filmed location in the world.، الولايات المتحدة. Following proposals for a large park in Manhattan during the 1840s, it was approved in 1853 to cover 778 acres (3.15 km²). In 1857, the landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition for the park with their "Greensward Plan". Construction began the same year, and the park's first areas were opened to the public in late 1858. Additional land at the northern end of Central Park was purchased in 1859, and the park was completed in 1876. After a period of decline in the early 20th century, New York City parks commissioner Robert Moses started a program to clean up Central Park. The Central Park Conservancy, created in 1980 to combat further deterioration in the late 20th century, refurbished many parts of the park during the 1980s and 1990s.

Main attractions include landscapes such as the Ramble and Lake, Hallett Nature Sanctuary, the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir, and Sheep Meadow; amusement attractions such as Wollman Rink, Central Park Carousel, and the Central Park Zoo; formal spaces such as the Central Park Mall and Bethesda Terrace; and the Delacorte Theater. The biologically diverse ecosystem has several hundred species of flora and fauna. Recreational activities include carriage-horse and bicycle tours, bicycling, sports facilities, and concerts and events such as Shakespeare in the Park. Central Park is traversed by a system of roads and walkways and is served by public transportation.

Its size and cultural position make it a model for the world's urban parks. Its influence earned Central Park the designations of National Historic Landmark in 1963 and of New York City scenic landmark in 1974. Central Park is owned by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation but has been managed by the Central Park Conservancy since 1998, under a contract with the municipal government in a public–private partnership. The Conservancy, a non-profit organization, contributes 75% of Central Park's $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the park.

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  الوصف

 الزوار

Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States and one of the most visited tourist attractions worldwide, with 42 million visitors in 2016. The number of unique visitors is much lower; a Central Park Conservancy report conducted in 2011 found that between eight and nine million people visited Central Park, with 37 to 38 million visits between them. By comparison, there were 25 million visitors in 2009, and 12.3 million in 1973.

The number of tourists as a proportion of total visitors is much lower: in 2009, one-fifth of the 25 million park visitors recorded that year were estimated to be tourists. The 2011 Conservancy report gave a similar ratio of park usage: only 14% of visits are by people visiting Central Park for the first time. According to the report, nearly two-thirds of visitors are regular park users who enter the park at least once weekly, and about 70% of visitors live in New York City. Moreover, peak visitation occurred during summer weekends, and most visitors used the park for passive recreational activities such as walking or sightseeing, rather than for active sport.

Panoramic view of Central Park from Rockefeller Center

Central Park in 2004

 المراجع

 المصادر

• "1858 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1858.
• "1859 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1859.
• "1861 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1861.
• "1863 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1863.
• "1864 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1864.
• "1865 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1865.
• Barnard, Edward Sibley (2002). New York City Trees: A Field Guide for the Metropolitan Area. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12835-3.
• Berman, John S. (2003). Central Park. Portraits of America. Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-3886-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Buckley, P. A. (2018). Urban ornithology : 150 years of birds in New York City. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 978-1-5017-1962-2. OCLC 1013992781.
• Caro, Robert (1974). The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-48076-3. OCLC 834874.
• "Central Park" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. March 26, 1974.
• Crain, Esther (2016). The Gilded Age in New York, 1870–1910. Running Press. ISBN 978-0-316-35368-7.
• Eliot, Marc (2010). "14: Saturday in the Park with Paul and Artie ... and Carrie". Paul Simon: A Life. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-43363-8.
• First-thirtieth Annual Report ... 1896-1925 to the Legislature of the State of New York. American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. 1911.
• Heckscher, Morrison H. (2008). Creating Central Park. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-30013-669-2.
• Homberger, Eric (1994). The historical atlas of New York City : a visual celebration of nearly 400 years of New York City's history. H. Holt and Co. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0-8050-2649-8. OCLC 30473980.
• قالب:Cite Hidden Waters NYC
• Kinkead, Eugene (1990). Central Park, 1857-1995: The Birth, Decline, and Renewal of a National Treasure. Norton. ISBN 0-393-02531-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Landscape Management and Restoration Program for the Woodlands of Central Park. Andropogon Associates, Ltd. September 30, 1989 – via Issuu.
• McCully, Betsy (2006). City at the Water's Edge: A Natural History of New York. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4010-8.
• Merguerian, Charles; Merguerian, Mickey (2004). "Geology of Central Park – From Rocks to Ice" (PDF). Stony Brook University (SUNY) Department of Geosciences.
• Meyers, Stephen L. (2005). Manhattan's Lost Streetcars. Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-7385-3884-6.
• Morris, Lloyd R. (1996). Incredible New York: High Life and Low Life from 1850 to 1950. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-0334-4.
• "Report On The Public Use Of Central Park" (PDF). Central Park Conservancy. April 2011.
• Rogers, Elizabeth Barlow (2018). Saving Central Park: A History and a Memoir. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-5247-3356-8.
• قالب:Cite Central Park history
• Scobey, David (2002). Empire city : the making and meaning of the New York City landscape. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-235-5. OCLC 48222693.
• Sherman, John (1994). Stone Crusade: A Historical Guide to Bouldering in America. The Mountaineers Books. ISBN 978-0-930410-62-9.
• Stern, Robert A.M.; Gilmartin, Gregory; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930. Rizzoli New York. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1.
• Taylor, Dorceta E. (2009). "section 3". The Environment and the People in American Cities, 1600s–1900s: Disorder, Inequality, and Social Change. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4451-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Todd, John (1982). Frederick Law Olmsted. Twayne. ISBN 978-0-8057-7729-1. OCLC 7875517.
• "Urban Park Management and the Central Park Conservancy" (PDF). Central Park Conservancy. April 16, 2014.
• Winn, Marie (2008). Central Park in the Dark: More Mysteries of Urban Wildlife. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-12011-5.
• A more extensive list of sources can be found in "Central Park: A Research Guide" (PDF). Central Park Conservancy. 2016.

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 وصلات خارجية

Template:Attached KML/سنترال پارك

KML is not from Wikidata

• Official website (New York City Department of Parks and Recreation)
• Official website (Central Park Conservancy)
• "Central Park". National Historic Landmarks Program. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007.