قزوين

For other uses, see قزوين (توضيح).

قزوين قزوین Caspian, Minoodar, Razhia, Arsas
مدينة
كرڤان سراي سعد السلطنه
الشعار
الشعار:  مرآن تاريخ وطبيعة إيران
قزوين
الإحداثيات: 36°16′N 50°00′E
البلد	إيران
المحافظة	قزوين
المقاطعة	قزوين
بخش	المركزي
الحكومة
• النوع	Mayor-Council
• Mayor	Siavash Taherkhani
المساحة
• مدينة	64٫132 كم² (24٫762 ميل²)
المنسوب	1٬278 m (4٬193 ft)
التعداد  (2016 census)
• الكثافة	9٬030/km2 (23٬400/sq mi)
• Urban	402٬748
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+4:30 (IDST)
مفتاح الهاتف	028
Climate	BSk
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.qazvin.ir

قزوين هي عاصمة محافظة قزوين، إيران، وأكبر مدنها. عدد سكانها 331409 نسمة (عام 2005). بعد بحوالي 90 كيلومتراً شمال غرب مدينة طهران، 1800 متر فوق مستوى سطح البحر. لها مناخ بارد ولكنه جاف. كانت المدينة موقع عاصمة الإمبراطورية الفارسية. بها أكثر من 2000 معلم معماري تاريخي.

شاهزاده حسين، أحد المعالم المعمارية في مدينة قزوين

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 المناخ

Qazvin has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).

Climate data for قزوين
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	5.1 (41.2)	7.6 (45.7)	13.7 (56.7)	20.0 (68.0)	25.9 (78.6)	32.2 (90.0)	35.6 (96.1)	34.6 (94.3)	30.9 (87.6)	23.1 (73.6)	15.4 (59.7)	8.1 (46.6)	21.0 (69.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.2 (32.4)	2.4 (36.3)	7.7 (45.9)	13.2 (55.8)	18.3 (64.9)	23.4 (74.1)	26.7 (80.1)	25.8 (78.4)	21.9 (71.4)	15.5 (59.9)	9.2 (48.6)	3.1 (37.6)	13.9 (57.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−4.7 (23.5)	−2.9 (26.8)	1.7 (35.1)	6.4 (43.5)	10.6 (51.1)	14.6 (58.3)	17.7 (63.9)	16.9 (62.4)	12.9 (55.2)	7.8 (46.0)	2.9 (37.2)	−1.9 (28.6)	6.8 (44.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	44.5 (1.75)	40.8 (1.61)	52.1 (2.05)	41.0 (1.61)	34.5 (1.36)	5.9 (0.23)	1.2 (0.05)	1.9 (0.07)	0.8 (0.03)	21.7 (0.85)	27.8 (1.09)	44.0 (1.73)	316.2 (12.43)
Average precipitation days	10.5	10.1	13.3	13.3	12.7	4.5	2.4	2.3	2.0	7.7	7.9	9.7	96.4
Source: World Meteorological Organisation

 المعالم الرئيسية

Qazvin contains several archeological excavations. In the middle of the city lie the ruins of Meimoon Ghal'eh, one of several Sassanid edifices in the area.

Qazvin contains several buildings from the Safavid era, dating to the period in which it was capital of Persia. A well known of the surviving edifices is the Chehel sotoun, Qazvin, today a museum in central Qazvin.

Entrance of Masjed al-Nabi, Qazvin, Iran.

After Islam, the popularity of mystics (tasawwuf), as well as the prominence of tradition (Hadith), religious jurisprudence (fiqh), and philosophy in Qazvin, led to the emergence of many mosques and religious schools. They include:

• الجامع العتيق، قزوين
• مسجد الحيدرية
• مسجد النبي (المسجد السلطاني): بمساحة 14000 م²، هذا المسجد هو أحد أعظم المساجد القديمة، بني في العصر الصفوي.
• Sanjideh Mosque: Another mosque of Qazvin dating back to pre-Islamic Iran; a former fire temple. شكله الحالي يُنسب إلى العصر السلجوقي.
• Panjeh Ali Mosque: A former place of worship for royal harem members in the Safavid period.
• Peighambarieh School-Mosque: Founded 1644 according to inscription.
• Peighambarieh Shrine: Where four Jewish saints who foretold the coming of Christ, are buried.
• مسجد ومدرسة ملا وردي‌خاني: تأسس في 1648.
• Salehieh Madrasa and Mosque: Founded in 1817 by Mulla Muhammad Salih Baraghani.
• Sheikhol Islam School-Mosque: Renovated in 1903.
• Eltefatieh School: Dating back to the Il-Khanid period.
• Sardar School- Mosque: Made by two brothers Hossein Khan and Hassan Khan Sardar in 1815, as a fulfillment of their promise if they came back victorious from a battle against the Russians.
• Shazdeh Hosein Shrine; a c.15C CE shrine to a c.9C CE Shiite saint.
• Aminiha Hosseiniyeh

The Qajar-era Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh.

The Russian Church of Qazvin today sits adjacent to the campus of Islamic Azad University of Qazvin.

Chehel sotoun.

Chehel sotoun.

About 100 km (62 mi) south-west of Qazvin are the tombs of two Saljuki era princes — Abu Saeed Bijar, son of Sa'd, and Abu Mansur Iltai, son of Takin — located in two separate towers known as the Kharraqan twin towers. Constructed in 1067 CE, these were the first monuments in Islamic architecture to include a non-conic two-layered dome. Both towers were severely damaged by a devastating earthquake in March 2003.

Sepah Street (خیابان سپه , pronounced "Cepah" referring to ancient Persian army and not the revolutionary guards pronounced "Sipaahe") is known as the first modern street in Iran. This street entirely is carpeted with carved gray stone and is surrounded by craftsmen gift shops (used to be bars or bygone liquorshops, called May'kadeh) and hosts historical places such as Qazvin's Ali Qapu gate, entrance of Jame' Atiq mosque and historical schools.

Qazvin has three buildings built by Russians in the late 19th/early 20th century. Among these is the current Mayor's office (former Ballet Hall) and a water reservoir. St. Nicholas church was built in 1904 by the Russian Company for Roads in Persia which had its headquarter here. The church was in use until being decommissioned in 1984 because the community of Russian emigres in Qazvin did not exist any more. The iconostasis and bell was removed to Tehran and the building handed over to the Iranian government which keeps it available to the public as a historic monument. In front of the church is a 1906 memorial to a Russian road engineer.

 الاقتصاد

A memorial of the many Qazvinis who died during the revolution of Iran and during the Iran–Iraq War.

Qazvin today is a center of textile trade, including cotton, silk and velvet, in addition to leather. It is on the railroad line and the highway between Tehran and Tabriz. Qazvin has one of the largest power plants feeding electricity into Iran's national power grid, the Shahid Raja'i facility, which provides 7% of Iran's electrical power.

 الكليات والجامعات

Qazvin has several institutes of higher education:

• جامعة الإمام الخميني العالمية
• Islamic Azad University of Qazvin
• Payam-e-Nur University of Qazvin
• Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
• Raja University
• Shahid Babaee Technical Institute
• Kar University
• Parsian Higher Education Institute
• Dehkhoda University
• Ghazali University
• Mir-Emad Higher Education Institute
• Darolfonoun University

 الأبراج الحديثة

Some famous residential towers are: Punak (536 units), Aseman, Elahieh, Bademestan (440 units in 17 floors) and Tejarat tower with 28 floors.

 مجمعات التسوق

• City Star in Khayam Street
• Ferdowsi in Ferdowsi Street
• Iranian in Adl Street
• Narvan in Ferdowsi Street
• Noor in Felestin Street
• Meh ro mah Bouali Street
• Alghadir on South Khayam Street
• Alavi on Taleghani Street

 الجسور

• Naderi
• Molasadra
• Ertebatat
• Persian Gulf (Khalij Fars)
• Abotorabi
• Nasr
• Motahari
• Imam Ali
• Rajaei

 أشهر الفنادق

• Alborz
• Safir
• Mir Emad
• Iranian
• behrouzi historical house
• Iran
• Marmar
• Razhia
• Ghods(closed)
• Grand Hotel, Qazvin
• Noizar
• Minno
• Sina (new)

 المنتزهات الكبيرة

• Shohada
• Dehkhoda
• Beheshti
• Fadak (Barajin)
• Mellat
• Al-Ghadir
• Afarinesh
• Molla Khalila

 هايپرماركت

• Proma Hypermarket (closed) HyperKeeper is new Brand .
• Refah Chain Stores Co
• Kourosh chain stores in several city blocks
• Janbo chain stores
• Ferdowsi supermarket in Adl sq.
• Haft (7) Chain stores
• Talaei’yeh Minoudar Supermarket
  • noor shopping mall hyper market * easy to access near city center

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 النقل

• Qazvin railway station.
• Qazvin Airport.
• Qazvin Eastern Bus terminal
• Qazvin southwestern terminal (Takestan & Hamedan)

 الرياضة

Qazvin is a well-known city because of its famous athletes. The city has highly focused on athletic teams along recent years. Techmash is a basketball team which entered Iranian Basketball Super League in 2013.

 أبرز القزوينيين

Qazvin is an ancient city containing fine examples of Iranian architecture from various ages. This is the Shazdeh Hosein Shrine.

There have been an abundance of known people who lived in Qazvin, or came from Qazvin, whose tombs are scattered throughout the cities and villages of the province. These include:

 قبل العصر الحديث

• Ibn Majah, author of the last of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims.
• Hamdollah Mostowfi: the great Il-Khanid historian and writer.
• Ubayd Zakani: famous 8th-century poet noted for his satire and obscene verses.
• Mir Emad Hassani: famous Nasta'liq calligrapher
• Darvish Ablulmajid: famous Shekaste Nasta'liq calligrapher
• Mirza Mohammed Reza Qazvini: Persian envoy of Franco-Persian alliance

 في العصر الحديث

• Yousef Alikhani: contemporary fiction writer and researcher.
• Azizi family: a well-known family that originates from Qazvin includes |Sheikh Ahmad Azizi] who is buried in Peighambariyeh shrine, known research and medical doctor Dr. Sadegh Pirooz Azizi, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1997–2005 Mr. Ahmad Azizi, hadi Azizi and أبو القاسم عزيزي.
• Ali Akbar Dehkhoda: prominent linguist and author of Iran's first modern Persian dictionary.
• Abdul Hossein Darki: known doctor.
• Jamal Karimi-Rad: former Minister of Justice (2005–2006).
• Hadi Mirmiran: architect.
• Shirin Neshat: Famous contemporary Iranian artist.
• Mojabi family: a prominent family that originates from Qazvin including Javad Mojabi and Zohreh Mojabi.
• Molla Khalil Ibn Ghazi Qazvini: famous faqih (religious jurist) and commentator of the Qur'an in the Safavid period (d. 1678).
• Aref Qazvini: poet, lyricist, and musician.
• Ra'ees ol-Mojahedin: The late Mirza Hassan Sheikh al-Islam, son of Mirza Masoud Sheikh al-Islam, leader of the liberals and constitutionalists of Qazvin.
• Shahid Saless: killed in 1846. The third religious leader after Imam Ali who was murdered during prayer.
• Kázim-i-Samandar: a famous follower of Bahaullah.
• Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian: Famous contemporary Iranian artist.
• Táhirih: influential poet and theologian of the Bábí Faith.
• Nasser Takmil Homayoun: a contemporary historian.
• Nasser Yeganeh: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1975–79).
• Haj seyed Javadi: politician in early 1980s.
• Abbas Babaei: Brigadier General in the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force

 Notable people buried in Qazvin

• Uwais Qarni: a celebrity of early Islam, thought to have been killed here while fighting against an army of Deilamian origin.
• Ahmad Ghazali: famous Iranian sufi who died in 1126 CE and was buried beside Shahzadeh Hossein.
• Ali Ibn Shazan: great scholar of the fifth century.
• Shahzadeh Hossein: Shiite saint.
• Abbas Babaei

 البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

• Shah Alam, Malaysia (Oct. 2011)
• Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (2011)
• Chuvash Republic, Russia (2012)
• Gaziantep, Turkey (2012)
• Denizli, Turkey (2012)
• Évora, Portugal (Jan. 2014)
• Baalbek, Lebanon (Oct. 2015)
• Yerevan, Armenia(2015)
• Suwon, South Korea (2016)
• Osan, South Korea (2016)
• Perugia, Italy (Sep. 2016)

 انظر أيضاً

Mesjed Koucheek, Qazvin, in 1921. Today this building is referred to as Shazdeh Hosein Shrine.

• Caspians
• List of famous ab anbars of Qazvin
• Qazwini (disambiguation), a personal name meaning "from Qazwin"

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 وصلات خارجية

• Satellite Picture by Google Maps
• FallingRain Map – elevation = 1285 m (Red dots are railways)
• towers profile
• How to go to Qazvin from Tehran? (Bus, Taxi or Train)

سبقه Tabriz	Capital of Iran (Persia) 1555–1598	تبعه Isfahan
سبقه Tabriz	Capital of Safavid dynasty 1555–1598	تبعه Isfahan