قائمة حكام پنسلڤانيا

Governor the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Seal of the Governor of Pennsylvania.svg
Seal of the governor
Flag of the Governor of Pennsylvania.svg
Flag of the governor
Gov. Shapiro (cropped).jpg
الحالي
Josh Shapiro
منذ January 17, 2023
Government of Pennsylvania
الأسلوب
الوضع
المقرGovernor's Residence
طول المدةFour years, renewable once consecutively
الشاغل الافتتاحيThomas Mifflin
التشكلDecember 21, 1790
النائبLieutenant Governor
الراتب$201,729 (2020)[1]

The governor of Pennsylvania is the head of government of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, as well as commander-in-chief of the state's national guard.[2]

The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly,[3] as well as to convene the legislature.[4] The governor may grant pardons except in cases of impeachment, but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons.[5]

There have been seven presidents and 48 governors of Pennsylvania, with two governors (Robert E. Pattison and Gifford Pinchot) serving non-consecutive terms, totaling 55 terms in both offices. The longest term was that of the first governor, Thomas Mifflin, who served three full terms as governor in addition to two years as President of the Continental Congress. The shortest term belonged to John C. Bell Jr., who served only 19 days as acting governor after his predecessor, Edward Martin, resigned.

The current governor is Josh Shapiro, who took office on January 17, 2023.

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Governors

لمعلومات عن the period before independence، انظر List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on December 12, 1787.[6] Before it declared its independence, Pennsylvania was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.


Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council

The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 created the Supreme Executive Council as the state's executive branch, with a president as its head.[7] The president was chosen annually by the council, though with no specific term dates.[8]

The constitution created the position of "vice-president", though no provision was made if the office of the president became vacant, which occurred four times later. Contemporary sources continue to label the chief executive in such times as the vice-president, without any notion of succeeding in the presidency. One acting president, George Bryan, was subsequently recognized later as a full-fledged governor, due to his acting as president for over six months.

Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania
No. President Term in office Vice-President
1 Thomas Wharton (1735 - 1778), by Charles Willson Peale (1741 - 1827).jpg Thomas Wharton Jr.
(1735–1778)
[9] 		March 5, 1777[10]
–
May 23, 1778
(died in office) 		Bryan, GeorgeGeorge Bryan
2 GeorgeBryan.jpg George Bryan
(1731–1791)
[11] 		May 23, 1778[10]
–
December 22, 1778
(left office) 		acting as
president[أ]
3 Joseph Reed by Pierre Eugène du Simitière.jpg Joseph Reed
(1741–1785)
[12] 		December 22, 1778[10]
–
November 15, 1781
(term-limited)[ب] 		Bryan, GeorgeGeorge Bryan
(resigned October 11, 1779)
Smith, MatthewMatthew Smith
(resigned November 15, 1779)
Moore, WilliamWilliam Moore
4 William Moore (Pennsylvania).jpg William Moore
(1735–1793)
[15] 		November 15, 1781[10]
–
November 7, 1782
(left office) 		Potter, JamesJames Potter
5 John Dickinson portrait.jpg John Dickinson
(1732–1808)
[16] 		November 7, 1782[10]
–
October 18, 1785
(term-limited)[ب] 		Ewing, JamesJames Ewing
Irvine, JamesJames Irvine
(resigned October 10, 1785)
Biddle, CharlesCharles Biddle
6 Benjamin Franklin by Joseph Duplessis 1778.jpg Benjamin Franklin
(1706–1790)
[17] 		October 18, 1785[10]
–
November 5, 1788
(term-limited)[ب]
Muhlenberg, PeterPeter Muhlenberg
(resigned October 14, 1788)
Redick, DavidDavid Redick
7 Thomas Mifflin.jpg Thomas Mifflin
(1744–1800)
[18][19] 		November 5, 1788[10]
–
December 21, 1790
(became state governor) 		Ross, GeorgeGeorge Ross

حكام كومنولث پنسلڤانيا

خمس حكام لكومنولث پنسلڤانيا الذين حكموا منذ 1995، (من اليسار لليمين): مارك شوايكر، توم ريدج، توم وولف، توم كوربت و إد رندل، يقفون لالتقاط صورة أمام الواجهة الشرقية لـكابيتول ولاية بنسلفانيا في Harrisburg أثناء حفل تنصيب وولف حاكماً في يناير 2015.

The 1790 constitution abolished the council and replaced the president with a governor,[20] and established a three-year term for governor commencing on the third Tuesday of the December following the election, with governors not allowed to serve more than nine out of any twelve years.[21] The 1838 constitution moved the start of the term to the third Tuesday of the January following the election, and allowed governors to only serve six out of any nine years.[22] The 1874 constitution lengthened the term to four years, and prohibited governors from succeeding themselves.[23] The current constitution of 1968 changed this to allow governors to serve two consecutive terms, with no lifetime limit.[24]

Under the 1968 constitution, Milton Shapp was the first governor to serve two terms, and Tom Corbett was the first incumbent governor to lose a re-election bid.

If the office of governor becomes vacant through death, resignation, or conviction on impeachment, the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term; if the office is only temporarily vacant due to disability of the governor, the lieutenant governor only acts out the duties of governor.[25] Should both offices be vacant, the president pro tempore of the state senate becomes governor.[26] The position of a lieutenant governor was created in the 1874 constitution; prior to then, the speaker of the senate would act as governor in cases of vacancy. Originally, the lieutenant governor could only act as governor; it was not until the 1968 constitution that the lieutenant governor could actually become the sitting governor in that fashion. The office of governor has been vacant for an extended period once before, a 17-day gap in 1848 between the resignation of the previous governor and the swearing in of his acting successor. Governors and lieutenant governors are elected on the same political party ticket.[27]

حكام كومنولث پنسلڤانيا
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[ت][ث]
1 Thomas Mifflin.jpg   Thomas Mifflin
(1744–1800)
[18][19] 		December 21, 1790[28]
–
December 17, 1799
(term-limited)[ج] 		None[ح] 1790 Office did not exist
Democratic-
Republican[31] 		1793
1796
2 ThomasMcKean3.jpg Thomas McKean
(1734–1817)
[32][33] 		December 17, 1799[34]
–
December 20, 1808
(term-limited)[ج] 		Democratic-
Republican[خ] 		1799
1802
1805
3 SimonSnyder.jpg Simon Snyder
(1759–1819)
[37][38] 		December 20, 1808[39]
–
December 16, 1817
(term-limited)[ج] 		Democratic-
Republican[40] 		1808
1811
1814
4 WFindley.jpg William Findlay
(1768–1846)
[41][42] 		December 16, 1817[43]
–
December 19, 1820
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican[40] 		1817
5 Joseph Hiester.jpg Joseph Hiester
(1752–1832)
[44][45] 		December 19, 1820[46]
–
December 16, 1823
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican[د] 		1820
6 Shulze.jpg John Andrew Shulze
(1775–1852)
[48][49] 		December 16, 1823[50]
–
December 15, 1829
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican[40] 		1823
1826
7 George Wolf.jpg George Wolf
(1777–1840)
[51][52] 		December 15, 1829[53]
–
December 15, 1835
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican[40] 		1829
1832
8 Joseph Ritner-Governor of Pennsylvania.JPG Joseph Ritner
(1780–1869)
[54][55] 		December 15, 1835[56]
–
January 15, 1839
(lost election) 		Anti-Masonic[40] 1835
9 DavidRittenhousePorter.jpg David R. Porter
(1788–1867)
[57][58] 		January 15, 1839[59]
–
January 21, 1845
(term-limited)[ذ] 		Democratic[40] 1838
1841
10 Francis R. Shunk Governor of Pennsylvania.tif Francis R. Shunk
(1788–1848)
[61][62] 		January 21, 1845[63]
–
July 9, 1848
(resigned)[ر] 		Democratic[40] 1844
1847
11 W F Johnston.jpg William F. Johnston
(1808–1872)
[64][65] 		July 9, 1848[ز]
–
January 20, 1852
(lost election) 		Whig[40] Speaker of
the Senate
acting
1848
12 William Bigler.jpg William Bigler
(1814–1880)
[69][70] 		January 20, 1852[71]
–
January 16, 1855
(lost election) 		Democratic[40] 1851
13 James Pollock Pennsylvania Governor.jpg James Pollock
(1810–1890)
[72][73] 		January 16, 1855[74]
–
January 19, 1858
(did not run)[72] 		Whig[س] 1854
14 WilliamPacker.jpg William F. Packer
(1807–1870)
[75][76] 		January 19, 1858[77]
–
January 15, 1861
(did not run) 		Democratic[40] 1857
15 Andrew Curtin2.jpg Andrew Gregg Curtin
(d. 1894)
[78][79] 		January 15, 1861[80]
–
January 15, 1867
(term-limited)[ذ] 		Republican[40] 1860
1863
16 Gearysfmayor.jpeg John W. Geary
(1819–1873)
[81][82] 		January 15, 1867[83]
–
January 21, 1873
(term-limited)[ذ] 		Republican[40] 1866
1869
17 JohnFHartranft.jpg John F. Hartranft
(1830–1889)
[84][85] 		January 21, 1873[86]
–
January 21, 1879
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1872
1875   Latta, JohnJohn Latta
18 Henry M. Hoyt - Brady-Handy.jpg Henry M. Hoyt
(1830–1892)
[88][89] 		January 21, 1879[90]
–
January 16, 1883
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1878 Stone, Charles WarrenCharles Warren Stone
19 RobertEPattison.png Robert E. Pattison
(1850–1904)
[91][92] 		January 16, 1883[93]
–
January 18, 1887
(term-limited)[ش] 		Democratic[40] 1882 Black, Chauncey ForwardChauncey Forward Black
20 J A Beaver.jpg James A. Beaver
(1837–1914)
[94][95] 		January 18, 1887[96]
–
January 20, 1891
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1886 Davies, William T.William T. Davies
19 RobertEPattison.png Robert E. Pattison
(1850–1904)
[91][92] 		January 20, 1891[97]
–
January 15, 1895
(term-limited)[ش] 		Democratic[40] 1890 Watres, Louis ArthurLouis Arthur Watres
21 Daniel H Hastings.jpg Daniel H. Hastings
(1849–1903)
[98][99] 		January 15, 1895[100]
–
January 17, 1899
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1894 Lyon, WalterWalter Lyon
22 William Alexis Stone.jpg William A. Stone
(1846–1920)
[101][102] 		January 17, 1899[103]
–
January 20, 1903
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1898 Gobin, John P. S.John P. S. Gobin
23 Portrait of Samuel W. Pennypacker.jpg Samuel W. Pennypacker
(1843–1916)
[104][105] 		January 20, 1903[106]
–
January 15, 1907
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1902 Brown, William M.William M. Brown
24 Edwin S Stuart 1909.jpg Edwin Sydney Stuart
(1853–1937)
[107][108] 		January 15, 1907[109]
–
January 17, 1911
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1906 Murphy, Robert S.Robert S. Murphy
25 JohnKTener.jpg John K. Tener
(1863–1946)
[110][111] 		January 17, 1911[112]
–
January 19, 1915
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1910 Reynolds, John MerrimanJohn Merriman Reynolds
26 MartinGBrumbaugh.jpg Martin Grove Brumbaugh
(1862–1930)
[113][114] 		January 19, 1915[115]
–
January 21, 1919
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1914 McClain, Frank B.Frank B. McClain
27 William Cameron Sproul.jpg William Cameron Sproul
(1870–1928)
[116][117] 		January 21, 1919[118]
–
January 16, 1923
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1918 Beidleman, Edward E.Edward E. Beidleman
28 Gifford Pinchot 3c03915u.jpg Gifford Pinchot
(1865–1946)
[119][120] 		January 16, 1923[121]
–
January 18, 1927
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1922 Davis, David J.David J. Davis
29 John Stuchell Fisher.jpg John Stuchell Fisher
(1867–1940)
[122][123] 		January 18, 1927[124]
–
January 20, 1931
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1926 James, ArthurArthur James
28 Gifford Pinchot 3c03915u.jpg Gifford Pinchot
(1865–1946)
[119][120] 		January 20, 1931[125]
–
January 15, 1935
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1930 Shannon, Edward C.Edward C. Shannon
30 GeorgeHEarle.jpg George Howard Earle III
(1890–1974)
[126][127] 		January 15, 1935[128]
–
January 17, 1939
(term-limited)[ش] 		Democratic[40] 1934 Kennedy, ThomasThomas Kennedy
31 Arthur H. James (Pennsylvania governor).jpg Arthur James
(1883–1973)
[129][130] 		January 17, 1939[131]
–
January 19, 1943
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1938 Lewis, Samuel S.Samuel S. Lewis
32 EdwardMartinPA.jpg Edward Martin
(1879–1967)
[132][133] 		January 19, 1943[134]
–
January 2, 1947
(resigned)[ص] 		Republican[40] 1942 Bell Jr., John C.John C. Bell Jr.
33 John C. Bell Jr. (Pennsylvania governor).jpg John C. Bell Jr.
(1892–1974)
[135][136] 		January 2, 1947[137]
–
January 21, 1947
(successor took office) 		Republican[40] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
34 James Henderson Duff.jpg James H. Duff
(1883–1969)
[138][139] 		January 21, 1947[140]
–
January 16, 1951
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1946 Strickler, DanielDaniel Strickler
35 John S. Fine (PA).jpg John S. Fine
(1893–1978)
[141][142] 		January 16, 1951[143]
–
January 18, 1955
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1950 Wood, Lloyd H.Lloyd H. Wood
36 George M. Leader (Pennsylvania governor) (cropped).jpg George M. Leader
(1918–2013)
[144][145] 		January 18, 1955[146]
–
January 20, 1959
(term-limited)[ش] 		Democratic[40] 1954 Furman, Roy E.Roy E. Furman
37 David L. Lawrence (Pennsylvania governor).jpg David L. Lawrence
(1889–1966)
[147][148] 		January 20, 1959[149]
–
January 15, 1963
(term-limited)[ش] 		Democratic[40] 1958 Davis, John MorganJohn Morgan Davis
38 William Scranton (PA).png William Scranton
(1917–2013)
[150][151] 		January 15, 1963[152]
–
January 17, 1967
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1962 Shafer, Raymond P.Raymond P. Shafer
39
خطأ في إنشاء صورة مصغرة: خطأ غير معروف حدث.
 Raymond P. Shafer
(1917–2006)
[153][154] 		January 17, 1967[155]
–
January 19, 1971
(term-limited)[ش] 		Republican[40] 1966 Broderick, Raymond J.Raymond J. Broderick
40 Milton Shapp (1976).png Milton Shapp
(1912–1994)
[156][157] 		January 19, 1971[158]
–
January 16, 1979
(term-limited)[ض] 		Democratic[40] 1970 Kline, ErnestErnest Kline
1974
41 Dick Thornburgh (PA).jpg Dick Thornburgh
(1932–2020)
[160] 		January 16, 1979[161]
–
January 20, 1987
(term-limited)[ض] 		Republican[160] 1978 Scranton III, WilliamWilliam Scranton III
1982
42 Bob Casey 1986.jpg Bob Casey Sr.
(1932–2000)
[162] 		January 20, 1987[163]
–
January 17, 1995
(term-limited)[ض] 		Democratic[162] 1986 Singel, MarkMark Singel[ط]
1990
43 Tom Ridge (cropped).jpg Tom Ridge
(b. 1945)
[165] 		January 17, 1995[166]
–
October 5, 2001
(resigned)[ظ] 		Republican[165] 1994 Schweiker, MarkMark Schweiker
1998
44 Mark S Schweiker 2001.jpg Mark Schweiker
(b. 1953)
[167] 		October 5, 2001[168]
–
January 21, 2003
(did not run) 		Republican[167] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Jubelirer, RobertRobert Jubelirer
45 Ed Rendell ID2004 crop (cropped).JPG Ed Rendell
(b. 1944)
[169] 		January 21, 2003[170]
–
January 18, 2011
(term-limited)[ض] 		Democratic[169] 2002 Knoll, Catherine BakerCatherine Baker Knoll
(died November 12, 2008)
2006
Scarnati, JoeJoe Scarnati[ع]
(acting)
46 Governor Corbett cropped portrait May 2014.jpg Tom Corbett
(b. 1949)
[171] 		January 18, 2011[172]
–
January 20, 2015
(lost election) 		Republican[171] 2010 Cawley, JimJim Cawley
47 Tom Wolf governor portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg Tom Wolf
(b. 1948)
[173] 		January 20, 2015[174]
–
January 17, 2023
(term-limited)[ض] 		Democratic[173] 2014 Stack, MikeMike Stack
2018 Fetterman, JohnJohn Fetterman
(resigned January 3, 2023)
Ward, KimKim Ward[ع]
(acting)
48 Gov. Shapiro.jpg Josh Shapiro
(b. 1973)
[175] 		January 17, 2023[176]
–
Incumbent[غ] 		Democratic[175] 2022 Davis, AustinAustin Davis


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See also

Notes

  1. ^ Four vice-presidents acted as president at various times; however, Bryan's lengthy term has caused his term to since be recognized as being equivalent to president. Contemporary sources listed him only as vice president, acting out the duties of president.
  2. ^ أ ب ت Members of the executive council who served three successive years were ineligible to hold the office for four years afterward.[13][14]
  3. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1873, first being filled in 1875.
  4. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  5. ^ أ ب ت Under the 1790 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office longer than nine in any term of twelve years.[29]
  6. ^ The Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties jointly nominated Mifflin, but he himself carried no party label.[30]
  7. ^ Dubin[35] and Kallenbach[36] label McKean a Democratic-Republican for 1799 and 1802, and an Independent Democratic-Republican for 1805.
  8. ^ Hiester is labeled an Independent Republican by Dubin,[47] and an Independent Democratic-Republican and Federalist by Glashan.[31]
  9. ^ أ ب ت Under the 1838 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office longer than six in any term of nine years.[60]
  10. ^ Shunk resigned due to illness; he died of tuberculosis 11 days later.[61]
  11. ^ Shunk resigned on July 9, and as Speaker of the Senate, Johnston became acting governor.[66] He arrived in Harrisburg to be formally sworn in on July 26.[67][68]
  12. ^ Pollock also represented the American Party.[40]
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل Under the 1874 constitution, governors were ineligible to the office for the next succeeding term.[87]
  14. ^ Martin resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[132]
  15. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Under a 1967 amendment to the constitution, governors may succeed themselves for one additional term.[159]
  16. ^ Singel acted as governor from June 14 to December 21, 1993, while Casey recovered from a heart-liver transplant.[164]
  17. ^ Ridge resigned, having been appointed Director of the Office of Homeland Security.[165]
  18. ^ أ ب Represented the Republican Party
  19. ^ Shapiro's first term will expire on January 19, 2027.

References

General
  • "Former Pennsylvania Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County (in الإنجليزية). McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  • Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Pennsylvania - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
Specific
  1. ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  2. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 7
  3. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 15
  4. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 12
  5. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 9
  6. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Pennsylvania; December 12, 1787". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  7. ^ 1776 Constitution § 3
  8. ^ 1776 Constitution § 19
  9. ^ "Thomas Wharton". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Smull, William P. (1885). Smull's Legislative Hand Book and Manual of the State of Pennsylvania (in الإنجليزية). p. 360.
  11. ^ "George Bryan". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  12. ^ "Joseph Reed". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  13. ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 490.
  14. ^ "1776 Pa. Const. § 19". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  15. ^ "William Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  16. ^ "John Dickinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  17. ^ "Benjamin Franklin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  18. ^ أ ب Sobel 1978, pp. 1293–1294.
  19. ^ أ ب "Thomas Mifflin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  20. ^ 1790 Constitution article II, § 1
  21. ^ 1790 Constitution article IV, § 3
  22. ^ 1838 Constitution article II, § 3
  23. ^ 1874 Constitution article IV, § 3
  24. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 3
  25. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 13
  26. ^ PA Constitution article IV, § 14
  27. ^ "Executive Branch of the Several States". The Green Papers. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  28. ^ "A Proclamation". Dunlap and Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser. 1790-12-24. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
  29. ^ "1790 Pa. Const. art. II, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  30. ^ Lampi, Philip. "Pennsylvania 1790 Governor". A New Nation Votes. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  31. ^ أ ب Glashan 1979, p. 260.
  32. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1294–1296.
  33. ^ "Thomas McKean". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  34. ^ "A Proclamation". The Gleaner. 1799-12-31. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  35. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 216.
  36. ^ Kallenbach 1977, pp. 493–494.
  37. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1296–1297.
  38. ^ "Simon Snyder". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  39. ^ "A Proclamation". Lancaster Intelligencer. 1808-12-27. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  40. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي أأ أب أت أث أج أح أخ أد أذ أر أز Kallenbach 1977, pp. 491–493.
  41. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1297–1298.
  42. ^ "William Findlay". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  43. ^ "A Proclamation". Lancaster Intelligencer. 1817-12-20. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  44. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1298–1299.
  45. ^ "Joseph Hiester". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  46. ^ "Inauguration of the Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1820-12-21. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  47. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 219.
  48. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1299–1301.
  49. ^ "John Andrew Shulze". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  50. ^ "Pennsylvania Legislature". York Gazette. 1823-12-23. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  51. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1301–1302.
  52. ^ "George Wolf". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  53. ^ "Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Legislature". Pennsylvania Republican. 1829-12-22. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  54. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1302–1303.
  55. ^ "Joseph Ritner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  56. ^ "none". The Lancaster Examiner. 1835-12-17. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-06-13. Mr. Ritner, being then proclaimed by the Speaker to be the Govenror of the Commonwealth...
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  58. ^ "David Rittenhouse Porter". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
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  60. ^ "1838 Pa. Const. art. II, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
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  62. ^ "Francis Rawn Shunk". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  63. ^ "The Inauguration of Gov. Shunk". The Chambersburg Times. 1845-01-27. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  64. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1306.
  65. ^ "William Freame Johnston". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  66. ^ "none". The Lancaster Examiner (in الإنجليزية). 1848-07-12. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-01. By the resignation of Gov. Shunk, the Hon. Wm. F. Johnston, of Armstrong, Speaker of the Senate, will officiate as Governor until the inauguration of a new governor on the third Tuesday in January next.
  67. ^ "From Harrisburg". Public Ledger. 1848-07-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  68. ^ "Governor Johnston Sworn into Office". Public Ledger. 1848-07-27. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  69. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1307–1308.
  70. ^ "William Bigler". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  71. ^ "Inauguration of Gov. Bigler". Sunbury American. 1852-01-24. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  72. ^ أ ب Sobel 1978, p. 1308.
  73. ^ "James Pollock". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  74. ^ "The Inauguration of Hon. James Pollock". Carlisle Weekly Herald. 1855-01-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  75. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1309.
  76. ^ "William Fisher Packer". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  77. ^ "Packer inaugurated January 19". Pittsburgh Daily Post. 1858-01-22. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  78. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1310–1311.
  79. ^ "Andrew Gregg Curtin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  80. ^ "Inauguration of Gov. Curtin". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1861-01-16. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  81. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1311.
  82. ^ "John White Geary". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  83. ^ "The Inauguration of General Geary as Governor". Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette. 1867-01-16. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  84. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1312.
  85. ^ "John Frederick Hartranft". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  86. ^ "Inauguration of Gen. Hartranft". Reading Times. 1873-01-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  87. ^ "1874 Pa. Const. art. IV, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  88. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1312–1313.
  89. ^ "Henry Martyn Hoyt". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  90. ^ "Governor Hoyt". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1879-01-22. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  91. ^ أ ب Sobel 1978, pp. 1313–1314.
  92. ^ أ ب "Robert Emory Pattison". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  93. ^ "The Inauguration". Intelligencer Journal. 1883-01-17. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  94. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1314–1315.
  95. ^ "James Addams Beaver". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  96. ^ "Inauguration Day". Lancaster New Era. 1887-01-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  97. ^ "Governor Pattison". The York Dispatch. 1891-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  98. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1315.
  99. ^ "Daniel Hartman Hastings". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  100. ^ "Is Now Governor Hastings". Lebanon Daily News. 1895-01-15. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  101. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1316.
  102. ^ "William Alexis Stone". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  103. ^ "Inauguration of Governor Stone". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. 1899-01-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  104. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1316–1317.
  105. ^ "Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  106. ^ "Pennypacker Takes Oath As Governor". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. 1903-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  107. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1317–1318.
  108. ^ "Edwin Sydney Stuart". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  109. ^ "Edwin S. Stuart Inaugurated Governor To-Day at Harrisburg". Wilkes-Barre Times. 1907-01-15. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  110. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1318.
  111. ^ "John Kinley Tener". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  112. ^ "John K. Tener Now Governor". Warren Times Mirror. 1911-01-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  113. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1319.
  114. ^ "Martin Grove Brumbaugh". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  115. ^ "Governor Brumbaugh Takes Oath Amid Great Throngs". Harrisburg Telegraph. 1915-01-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  116. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1319–1320.
  117. ^ "William Cameron Sproul". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  118. ^ "William C. Sproul Took Oath as Governor of State at Noon Today". Republican and Herald. United Press. 1919-01-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  119. ^ أ ب Sobel 1978, pp. 1320–1321.
  120. ^ أ ب "Gifford Pinchot". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  121. ^ "Pinchot Is Sworn In As Governor of Pennsylvania; Will Do His Utmost to Enforce Prohibition in State". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. 1923-01-16. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  122. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1321–1322.
  123. ^ "John Stuchell Fisher". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  124. ^ Williams, Thomas E. (1927-01-18). "Fisher Assumes Office As Governor of State; Urges Separate Bureau for Anthracite Mines". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  125. ^ "Pinchot Hits Utilities". Harrisburg Telegraph. 1931-01-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  126. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1322–1323.
  127. ^ "George Howard Earle". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  128. ^ "Earle, Taking Oath As Governor, Flays Lobbyists and Wall Street". The Times Leader. Associated Press. 1935-01-16. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  129. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1323.
  130. ^ "Arthur Horace James". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  131. ^ "James Sworn In As Governor". Shamokin News-Dispatch. United Press. 1939-01-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  132. ^ أ ب Sobel 1978, p. 1324.
  133. ^ "Edward Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  134. ^ "Indoor Ceremonial Marks Inaugural of Martin as Governor". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, the Evening News. Associated Press. 1943-01-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  135. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1325.
  136. ^ "John Cromwell Bell". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  137. ^ Matthews, Frank M. (1947-01-03). "Bell Sworn, Martin Goes to Capital". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  138. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1325–1326.
  139. ^ "James Henderson Duff". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  140. ^ "Duff Pledges Full Support for Industrial Peace Plan". Centre Daily Times. Associated Press. 1947-01-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  141. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1326–1327.
  142. ^ "John Sydney Fine". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  143. ^ Miller, Joseph H. (1951-01-17). "Fine Takes Oath; Pledges Policy of Pay-As-You-Go". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  144. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1327.
  145. ^ "George Michael Leader". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  146. ^ "30,000 watch new governor assume office". The Times Leader. Associated Press. 1955-01-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  147. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1328.
  148. ^ "David Leo Lawrence". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  149. ^ Holton, Bob (1959-01-21). "Governor Asks Unity on Taxes". The Tribune. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  150. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1328–1329.
  151. ^ "William W. Scranton". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  152. ^ Miller, Joseph H. (1963-01-16). "Scranton Takes Oath with Unity Plea; 250,000 Roar Tribute to Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  153. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1329–1330.
  154. ^ "Raymond Philip Shafer". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  155. ^ Miller, Joseph H. (1967-01-18). "Shafer Pledges 'Regime of Vision;' Noise and Color Mark Inauguration". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  156. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1330.
  157. ^ "Milton Jerrold Shapp". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  158. ^ Harris, Gene (1971-01-20). "Shapp Takes Oath As Governor, Vows End to State Crisis". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  159. ^ "Pa. Const. art. IV, § 3". Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  160. ^ أ ب "Dick Thornburgh". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  161. ^ Dvorchak, Bob (1979-01-17). "Thornburgh Pledges to Fulfill 'The Spirit of Pennsylvania'". The Times Leader. Associated Press. p. 1A. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  162. ^ أ ب "Robert P. Casey". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  163. ^ Stoffer, Harry (1987-01-21). "Casey Pleads for Unity". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  164. ^ Reeves, Tim (1993-12-22). "Governor Returns to Office with Moving Speech, Plans for '94". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  165. ^ أ ب ت "Tom Ridge". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  166. ^ Eshleman Jr., Russell E.; Moran, Robert (1995-01-18). "Ridge Sworn In As 43d Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  167. ^ أ ب "Mark Schweiker". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  168. ^ Fitzgerald, Thomas; Worden, Amy (2001-10-06). "Schweiker Sworn In As Pa. Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  169. ^ أ ب "Edward G. Rendell". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  170. ^ Worden, Amy (2003-01-22). "New Governor Asks Pa. To Face 'Short-Term Pain'". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  171. ^ أ ب "Tom Corbett". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  172. ^ Jackson, Peter (2011-01-19). "Corbett Takes Oath As New Pa. Governor". Intelligencer Journal/Lancaster New Era. Associated Press. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  173. ^ أ ب "Tom Wolf". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  174. ^ Esack, Steve; Opilo, Emily (2015-01-21). "All Together: Wolf Takes Oath As Governor with Calls for Unity". The Morning Call. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  175. ^ أ ب "Josh Shapiro". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  176. ^ Levy, Marc; Schultz, Brooke; Scolforo, Mark (2023-01-18). "Shapiro Takes Oath of Office to Become Governor". Citizens' Voice. Associated Press. p. A1. Retrieved 2023-06-13.

External links

قالب:Pennsylvania statewide elected officials

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